Pull Request: https://github.com/php/web-php/pull/603
Author: Ayesh

This PR contains multiple commits with micro-optimizations, hopefully to reduce 
the review burden reviewing multiple fully fledged PRs.
If any of them don't seem to make sense, I'll happily take them off. 

Thank you.

---

- Replace `ob_get_contents();ob_clean()` with `ob_get_clean()`
    `ob_get_clean()` is equivalent to `ob_get_contents()` followed by 
`ob_clean()`.

 - Replace `intval()` calls with `(int)` type cast
    This is a micro-optimization because `intval()` is a function call, and the 
type cast is about 6 times fast.

 - Replace `preg_replace` call that could be done with an `rtrim()` call
    In `./error.php`, there is a `preg_replace('!/+$!', '', $URI);` call that 
essentially is equivalent to `rtrim()`, that both calls removing trailing slash 
characters in `$URI`.
    The `rtim()` call is more legible and faster.

 - Combine consecutive `str_replace` calls to a single `str_replace` call
 - Use short ternary operator where possible
 - Cascade various `else` statements where possible
     Cleans up the code by removing unnecessary `else` blocks and moving the 
code to the parent context if the previous `if` block exits the function by 
either terminating the script, or with a `return` statement.

 - Combine multiple `isset()` calls to a single `isset()`
    `isset()` accepts multiple parameters and returns `true` only if all of the 
parameters are `isset`. It makes sense to combine multiple individual `isset` 
calls to a single call for better readability.

 - Replace `for` loop with a `foreach` loop
 -  Remove unnecessary character escapes in regular expressions
     Regular expression special characters are context-sensitive. For example, 
special characters such as `.` are not considered special within square braces 
(`[]`).
    This removes several of such instances that certain characters are escaped, 
but it is not strictly necessary within the context. This improves the 
readability of the expression.

    A write-up is at [PHP.Watch: Writing better Regular Expressions in 
PHP](https://php.watch/articles/php-regex-readability#reduce-escape)

 - Remove unnecessary break statement
 - Remove unnecessary PHP close tags
     
   

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