kevinkee Sat Jun 7 13:40:42 2003 EDT
Modified files:
/phpdoc/en/language variables.xml
Log:
sorry...
Index: phpdoc/en/language/variables.xml
diff -u phpdoc/en/language/variables.xml:1.60 phpdoc/en/language/variables.xml:1.61
--- phpdoc/en/language/variables.xml:1.60 Sat Jun 7 13:27:52 2003
+++ phpdoc/en/language/variables.xml Sat Jun 7 13:40:41 2003
@@ -1,22 +1,28 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="big5"?>
-<!-- $Revision: 1.60 $ -->
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
+<!-- $Revision: 1.61 $ -->
<chapter id="language.variables">
- <title>各類變數</title>
+ <title>Variables</title>
<sect1 id="language.variables.basics">
- <title>基本知識</title>
+ <title>Basics</title>
<simpara>
- 所有 PHP 的變數都是以 "$" 為開端，後加變數名所組成的。變數名稱是有大小寫之分的。
+ Variables in PHP are represented by a dollar sign followed by the
+ name of the variable. The variable name is case-sensitive.
</simpara>
<para>
- PHP [EMAIL PROTECTED]'[a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*'
+ Variable names follow the same rules as other labels in PHP. A
+ valid variable name starts with a letter or underscore, followed
+ by any number of letters, numbers, or underscores. As a regular
+ expression, it would be expressed thus:
+ '[a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*'
</para>
<note>
<simpara>
- 字母為 a-z，A-Z，而 ASCII 字符則從 127 至 255〈0x7f-0xff〉。
+ For our purposes here, a letter is a-z, A-Z, and the ASCII
+ characters from 127 through 255 (0x7f-0xff).
</simpara>
</note>
@@ -39,14 +45,33 @@
</para>
<para>
- PHP 3 [EMAIL PROTECTED]@個變數時，整個原始運算式的值將會[EMAIL PROTECTED]@[EMAIL
PROTECTED]|[EMAIL PROTECTED]<link linkend="language.expressions">運算式</link>[EMAIL
PROTECTED]
+ In PHP 3, variables are always assigned by value. That is to say,
+ when you assign an expression to a variable, the entire value of
+ the original expression is copied into the destination
+ variable. This means, for instance, that after assigning one
+ variable's value to another, changing one of those variables will
+ have no effect on the other. For more information on this kind of
+ assignment, see the chapter on <link
+ linkend="language.expressions">Expressions</link>.
</para>
<para>
- PHP 4 [EMAIL PROTECTED]<link linkend="language.references">傳址指派</link>[EMAIL
PROTECTED]|[EMAIL PROTECTED]@[EMAIL PROTECTED]<link
linkend="language.types.array">陣列</link>或<link
linkend="language.types.object">物件</link>時才會察覺速度的提升。
+ PHP 4 offers another way to assign values to variables:
+ <link linkend="language.references">assign by reference</link>.
+ This means that the new variable simply references (in other words,
+ "becomes an alias for" or "points to") the original variable.
+ Changes to the new variable affect the original, and vice versa.
+ This also means that no copying is performed; thus, the assignment
+ happens more quickly. However, any speedup will likely be noticed
+ only in tight loops or when assigning large
+ <link linkend="language.types.array">arrays</link> or
+ <link linkend="language.types.object">objects</link>.
</para>
<para>
- [EMAIL PROTECTED] (&) 的符號。例如，下列程式碼在使用傳址指派後輸出 'My name
is Bob' 兩次。
-
+ To assign by reference, simply prepend an ampersand (&) to the
+ beginning of the variable which is being assigned (the source
+ variable). For instance, the following code snippet outputs 'My
+ name is Bob' twice:
+
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
@@ -63,7 +88,8 @@
</para>
<para>
- 需要注意的是只有真正命名的變數才可以用來進行傳址指派。
+ One important thing to note is that only named variables may be
+ assigned by reference.
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
@@ -86,48 +112,89 @@
</sect1>
<sect1 id="language.variables.predefined">
- <title>預設的變數</title>
+ <title>Predefined variables</title>
<simpara>
- PHP [EMAIL PROTECTED]<link
linkend="features.commandline">指令行</link>的模式運行時是不能使用的。有關這些變數的列表，請參考<link
linkend="reserved.variables">保留的先前定義變數</link>[EMAIL PROTECTED]
+ PHP provides a large number of predefined variables to any script
+ which it runs. Many of these variables, however, cannot be fully
+ documented as they are dependent upon which server is running, the
+ version and setup of the server, and other factors. Some of these
+ variables will not be available when PHP is run on the
+ <link linkend="features.commandline">command line</link>.
+ For a listing of these variables, please see the section on
+ <link linkend="reserved.variables">Reserved Predefined Variables</link>.
</simpara>
<warning>
<simpara>
- PHP 4.2.0 以後的版本，<link
linkend="ini.register-globals">register_globals</link> 指令的預設值是
<emphasis>off</emphasis>[EMAIL PROTECTED] register_globals 的值預設為
<emphasis>off</emphasis> 會影響到預設變數在全域範圍內的有效性。例如，要得到
<varname>DOCUMENT_ROOT</varname> 的值，應使用
<varname>$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']</varname> 而不是
<varname>$DOCUMENT_ROOT</varname>、使用 <varname>$_GET['id']</varname> 以取得 URL
<literal>http://www.example.com/test.php?id=3</literal> 中 id 的值，而不是用
<varname>$id</varname>、或使用 <varname>$_ENV['HOME']</varname> 來取代
<varname>$HOME</varname>。
+ In PHP 4.2.0 and later, the default value for the PHP directive <link
+ linkend="ini.register-globals">register_globals</link> is
+ <emphasis>off</emphasis>. This is a major change in PHP. Having
+ register_globals <emphasis>off</emphasis> affects the set of predefined
+ variables available in the global scope. For example, to get
+ <varname>DOCUMENT_ROOT</varname> you'll use
+ <varname>$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']</varname> instead of
+ <varname>$DOCUMENT_ROOT</varname>, or <varname>$_GET['id']</varname> from
+ the URL <literal>http://www.example.com/test.php?id=3</literal> instead
+ of <varname>$id</varname>, or <varname>$_ENV['HOME']</varname> instead of
+ <varname>$HOME</varname>.
</simpara>
<simpara>
- 更多與此更改相關的資料可在 <link
linkend="ini.register-globals">register_globals</link> [EMAIL PROTECTED]<link
linkend="security.registerglobals">使用 Register Globals</link> 中的安全章，或在
<ulink url="&url.php.release4.1.0;">4.1.0</ulink> 及 <ulink
url="&url.php.release4.2.0;">4.2.0</ulink> 的發行通告中取得。
+ For related information on this change, read the configuration entry for
+ <link linkend="ini.register-globals">register_globals</link>, the security
+ chapter on <link linkend="security.registerglobals">Using Register Globals
+ </link>, as well as the PHP <ulink url="&url.php.release4.1.0;">4.1.0
+ </ulink> and <ulink url="&url.php.release4.2.0;">4.2.0</ulink> Release
+ Announcements.
</simpara>
<simpara>
- 我們建議您使用 PHP 提供的保留預設變數，如 <link
linkend="language.variables.superglobals">superglobal 陳列</link>。
+ Using the available PHP Reserved Predefined Variables, like the
+ <link linkend="language.variables.superglobals">superglobal arrays</link>,
+ is preferred.
</simpara>
</warning>
<simpara>
- 自 4.1.0 版本起，PHP [EMAIL
PROTECTED]|自動地設為全域，即可以在所有範圍內使用。正因如此，它們也被稱為
'autoglobals' 或 'superglobals'。〈PHP 尚未有使用者自行定義 superglobals
的功能。〉我們將在下面列出 superglobals，但要知道它們的內容和 PHP
預設變數的深入討論，請參考<link
linkend="reserved.variables">保留的先前定義變數</link>[EMAIL
PROTECTED]|留意舊有的預設變數 (<varname>$HTTP_*_VARS</varname>) 仍然存在。
-
+ From version 4.1.0 onward, PHP provides an additional set of predefined arrays
+ containing variables from the web server (if applicable), the
+ environment, and user input. These new arrays are rather special
+ in that they are automatically global--i.e., automatically
+ available in every scope. For this reason, they are often known as
+ 'autoglobals' or 'superglobals'. (There is no mechanism in PHP for
+ user-defined superglobals.) The superglobals are listed below;
+ however, for a listing of their contents and further discussion on
+ PHP predefined variables and their natures, please see the section
+ <link linkend="reserved.variables">Reserved Predefined Variables</link>.
+ Also, you'll notice how the older predefined variables
+ (<varname>$HTTP_*_VARS</varname>) still exist.
+
&avail.register-long-arrays;
</simpara>
<note>
- <title>可變變數</title>
+ <title>Variable variables</title>
<para>
- Superglobals 不能當作<link
linkend="language.variables.variable">可變變數</link>來使用。
+ Superglobals cannot be used as
+ <link linkend="language.variables.variable">variable variables</link>.
</para>
</note>
<para>
- 如果某些 <link linkend="ini.variables-order">variables_order</link>
中的變數沒有被設定，它們相對的 PHP 預設陳列也將會是空的。
+ If certain variables in <link
+ linkend="ini.variables-order">variables_order</link> are not set, their
+ appropriate PHP predefined arrays are also left empty.
</para>
<variablelist id="language.variables.superglobals">
- <title>PHP 的 Superglobals</title>
+ <title>PHP Superglobals</title>
<varlistentry>
<term><link linkend="reserved.variables.globals">$GLOBALS</link></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
- [EMAIL PROTECTED]<varname>$GLOBALS</varname> 自 PHP 3 開始就已存在。
+ Contains a reference to every variable which is currently
+ available within the global scope of the script. The keys of
+ this array are the names of the global variables.
+ <varname>$GLOBALS</varname> has existed since PHP 3.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -135,7 +202,10 @@
<term><link linkend="reserved.variables.server">$_SERVER</link></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
- 由網頁伺服器設定的變數或目前的程式所執行的環境產生的變數。其性質類似舊有的
<varname>$HTTP_SERVER_VARS</varname> 陳列，雖然目前還可以使用，但不被建議。
+ Variables set by the web server or otherwise directly related
+ to the execution environment of the current script. Analogous
+ to the old <varname>$HTTP_SERVER_VARS</varname> array (which is
+ still available, but deprecated).
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -143,7 +213,9 @@
<term><link linkend="reserved.variables.get">$_GET</link></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
- 通過 HTTP GET 提供給程式的變數。其性質類似舊有的
<varname>$HTTP_GET_VARS</varname> 陳列，雖然目前還可以使用，但不被建議。
+ Variables provided to the script via HTTP GET. Analogous to the
+ old <varname>$HTTP_GET_VARS</varname> array (which is still
+ available, but deprecated).
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -151,7 +223,9 @@
<term><link linkend="reserved.variables.post">$_POST</link></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
- 通過 HTTP POST 提供給程式的變數。其性質類似舊有的
<varname>$HTTP_POST_VARS</varname>陳列，雖然目前還可以使用，但不被建議。
+ Variables provided to the script via HTTP POST. Analogous to the
+ old <varname>$HTTP_POST_VARS</varname> array (which is still
+ available, but deprecated).
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -159,7 +233,9 @@
<term><link linkend="reserved.variables.cookies">$_COOKIE</link></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
- 通過 HTTP cookies 提供給程式的變數。其性質類似舊有的
<varname>$HTTP_COOKIE_VARS</varname>陳列，雖然目前還可以使用，但不被建議。
+ Variables provided to the script via HTTP cookies. Analogous to
+ the old <varname>$HTTP_COOKIE_VARS</varname> array (which is
+ still available, but deprecated).
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -167,7 +243,12 @@
<term><link linkend="reserved.variables.files">$_FILES</link></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
- 通過 HTTP POST 檔案上傳提供給程式的變數。其性質類似舊有的
<varname>$HTTP_POST_FILES</varname>陳列，雖然目前還可以使用，但不被建議。詳情請參閱
<link linkend="features.file-upload.post-method">POST 上傳方式</link>。
+ Variables provided to the script via HTTP post file
+ uploads. Analogous to the old
+ <varname>$HTTP_POST_FILES</varname> array (which is still
+ available, but deprecated). See <link
+ linkend="features.file-upload.post-method">POST method
+ uploads</link> for more information.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -175,7 +256,9 @@
<term><link linkend="reserved.variables.environment">$_ENV</link></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
- 執行環境提供給程式的變數。其性質類似舊有的
<varname>$HTTP_ENV_VARS</varname>陳列，雖然目前還可以使用，但不被建議。
+ Variables provided to the script via the environment. Analogous
+ to the old <varname>$HTTP_ENV_VARS</varname> array (which is
+ still available, but deprecated).
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -183,11 +266,20 @@
<term><link linkend="reserved.variables.request">$_REQUEST</link></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
-
通過任何使用者輸入途徑而提供給程式的變數，也正因如此不值得信任。此陳列中變數的存在與否及次序是決定於
<link linkend="ini.variables-order">variables_order</link> 的設定。PHP 4.1.0
之前的版本並沒有類似此陳列的變數。請同時參閱
<function>import_request_variables</function>。
+ Variables provided to the script via any user input mechanism,
+ and which therefore cannot be trusted. The presence and order
+ of variable inclusion in this array is defined according to the <link
+ linkend="ini.variables-order">variables_order</link>
+ configuration directive. This array has no direct analogue in
+ versions of PHP prior to 4.1.0. See also
+ <function>import_request_variables</function>.
</simpara>
<note>
<simpara>
- 在<link
linkend="features.commandline">指令行</link>模式下執行時，它並<emphasis>不</emphasis>包含
<varname>argv</varname> 和 <varname>argc</varname> 項目。此兩項目只在
<varname>$_SERVER</varname> 陳列中出現。
+ When running on the <link linkend="features.commandline">command line
+ </link>, this will <emphasis>not</emphasis> include the
+ <varname>argv</varname> and <varname>argc</varname> entries; these are
+ present in the <varname>$_SERVER</varname> array.
</simpara>
</note>
</listitem>
@@ -196,7 +288,12 @@
<term><link linkend="reserved.variables.session">$_SESSION</link></term>
<listitem>
<simpara>
- 目前和程式注冊了的 session 變數。其性質類似舊有的
<varname>$HTTP_SESSION_VARS</varname>陳列，雖然目前還可以使用，但不被建議。詳情請參閱
<link linkend="ref.session">Session 處理函數</link>[EMAIL PROTECTED]
+ Variables which are currently registered to a script's
+ session. Analogous to the old
+ <varname>$HTTP_SESSION_VARS</varname> array (which is still
+ available, but deprecated). See the <link
+ linkend="ref.session">Session handling functions</link> section
+ for more information.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -206,10 +303,13 @@
<sect1 id="language.variables.scope">
- <title>變數範圍</title>
+ <title>Variable scope</title>
<simpara>
- 變數的範圍只是在其所定義的空間內存在。在大部份的情況下，PHP [EMAIL
PROTECTED]@[EMAIL PROTECTED] include 和 require 方式引入的檔案。例如：
+ The scope of a variable is the context within which it is defined.
+ For the most part all PHP variables only have a single scope.
+ This single scope spans included and required files as well. For
+ example:
</simpara>
<informalexample>
<programlisting role="php">
@@ -222,7 +322,11 @@
</programlisting>
</informalexample>
<simpara>
- 例子中，變數 <varname>$a</varname> 也存在于被包含入的程式
<filename>b.inc</filename> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
+ Here the <varname>$a</varname> variable will be available within
+ the included <filename>b.inc</filename> script. However, within
+ user-defined functions a local function scope is introduced. Any
+ variable used inside a function is by default limited to the local
+ function scope. For example:
</simpara>
<informalexample>
@@ -243,7 +347,16 @@
</informalexample>
<simpara>
- 這個程式不會輸出任何東西，因為 echo 述句使用了本區域版本的 <varname>$a</varname>
[EMAIL PROTECTED]|發現這和 C 語言的做法不同，因為 C
的全域變數是自動的提供給各函數，除非在本域定義中指明撤銷。此做法可能會[EMAIL
PROTECTED] PHP 中，全域變數在本域使用前必須先宣佈為全域。例子：
+ This script will not produce any output because the echo statement
+ refers to a local version of the <varname>$a</varname> variable,
+ and it has not been assigned a value within this scope. You may
+ notice that this is a little bit different from the C language in
+ that global variables in C are automatically available to
+ functions unless specifically overridden by a local definition.
+ This can cause some problems in that people may inadvertently
+ change a global variable. In PHP global variables must be
+ declared global inside a function if they are going to be used in
+ that function. An example:
</simpara>
<informalexample>
@@ -268,11 +381,17 @@
</informalexample>
<simpara>
- 上述例子將會輸出 "3"。在函數內宣佈 <varname>$a</varname> 及
<varname>$b</varname> 為全域後，所有涉及該兩個變數的使用將自動指向全域的版本。PHP
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
+ The above script will output "3". By declaring
+ <varname>$a</varname> and <varname>$b</varname> global within the
+ function, all references to either variable will refer to the
+ global version. There is no limit to the number of global
+ variables that can be manipulated by a function.
</simpara>
<simpara>
- [EMAIL PROTECTED] PHP
特別定義的陳列：<varname>$GLOBALS</varname>。前面的例子可以重寫為：
+ A second way to access variables from the global scope is to use
+ the special PHP-defined <varname>$GLOBALS</varname> array. The
+ previous example can be rewritten as:
</simpara>
<informalexample>
@@ -295,7 +414,13 @@
</informalexample>
<simpara>
- <varname>$GLOBALS</varname> [EMAIL PROTECTED] (associative
array)，全域變數的名即為索引鍵，而該變數的內容即為陳列的值。有否留意到
<varname>$GLOBALS</varname> [EMAIL PROTECTED] $GLOBALS [EMAIL PROTECTED]<link
linkend="language.variables.superglobals">superglobal</link>[EMAIL PROTECTED]
superglobals 強大功能的例子：
+ The <varname>$GLOBALS</varname> array is an associative array with
+ the name of the global variable being the key and the contents of
+ that variable being the value of the array element.
+ Notice how <varname>$GLOBALS</varname> exists in any scope, this
+ is because $GLOBALS is a <link
+ linkend="language.variables.superglobals">superglobal</link>.
+ Here's an example demonstrating the power of superglobals:
</simpara>
<para>
@@ -323,7 +448,11 @@
</para>
<simpara>
- [EMAIL
PROTECTED]<emphasis>靜態</emphasis>變數。靜態變數只在本域函數範圍內存在，但是當程式執行離開此範圍時，它並不會喪失它的值。看看下面的例子：
+ Another important feature of variable scoping is the
+ <emphasis>static</emphasis> variable. A static variable exists
+ only in a local function scope, but it does not lose its value
+ when program execution leaves this scope. Consider the following
+ example:
</simpara>
<informalexample>
@@ -342,7 +471,13 @@
</informalexample>
<simpara>
- [EMAIL PROTECTED] <varname>$a</varname> 設為 <literal>0</literal> 然後列印出
"0"。<varname>$a</varname>++ 增加了 <varname>$a</varname> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
<varname>$a</varname> [EMAIL PROTECTED]|丟失當前計數的計數函數，我們可以將
<varname>$a</varname>宣佈為靜態：
+ This function is quite useless since every time it is called it
+ sets <varname>$a</varname> to <literal>0</literal> and prints
+ "0". The <varname>$a</varname>++ which increments the
+ variable serves no purpose since as soon as the function exits the
+ <varname>$a</varname> variable disappears. To make a useful
+ counting function which will not lose track of the current count,
+ the <varname>$a</varname> variable is declared static:
</simpara>
<informalexample>
@@ -361,11 +496,18 @@
</informalexample>
<simpara>
- 現在，每當函數 Test() 被呼叫時，它會列印出 <varname>$a</varname> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
+ Now, every time the Test() function is called it will print the
+ value of <varname>$a</varname> and increment it.
</simpara>
<simpara>
- [EMAIL
PROTECTED]@種呼叫自己的函數。編寫遞迴函數時必須留意，因為若編寫錯誤，它有可能會無定限地遞迴。您必須確定足夠的方式來終止遞迴。下列簡單的函數將遞迴地數到
10，利用靜態變數 <varname>$count</varname> 來斷定什麼時候停止：
+ Static variables also provide one way to deal with recursive
+ functions. A recursive function is one which calls itself. Care
+ must be taken when writing a recursive function because it is
+ possible to make it recurse indefinitely. You must make sure you
+ have an adequate way of terminating the recursion. The following
+ simple function recursively counts to 10, using the static
+ variable <varname>$count</varname> to know when to stop:
</simpara>
<informalexample>
@@ -389,7 +531,12 @@
</informalexample>
<simpara>
- 驅動 <literal>PHP 4</literal> 的 Zend Engine 1 是以參照的方式來實現
<literal>static</literal> 和 <literal>global</literal> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
<literal>global</literal> [EMAIL PROTECTED]@[EMAIL PROTECTED]
+ The Zend Engine 1, driving <literal>PHP4</literal>, implements the
+ <literal>static</literal> and <literal>global</literal> modifier for
+ variables in terms of references. For example, a true global variable
+ imported inside a function scope with the <literal>global</literal>
+ statement actually creates a reference to the global variable. This can
+ lead to unexpected behaviour which the following example addresses:
</simpara>
<informalexample>
@@ -416,7 +563,7 @@
</informalexample>
<simpara>
- 執行這個例子將會導致下列的輸出：
+ Executing this example will result in the following output:
</simpara>
<screen>
@@ -426,7 +573,8 @@
</screen>
<simpara>
- <literal>static</literal> 陳述式也會導致同樣的輸出。參照並沒有被靜態地儲存：
+ A similar behaviour applies to the <literal>static</literal> statement.
+ References are not stored statically:
</simpara>
<informalexample>
@@ -470,7 +618,7 @@
</informalexample>
<simpara>
- 執行此例子將導致下列的輸出：
+ Executing this example will result in the following output:
</simpara>
<screen>
@@ -485,17 +633,21 @@
</screen>
<simpara>
- [EMAIL PROTECTED]@個靜態變數後，當您第二次呼叫
<literal>&get_instance_ref()</literal>
函數時，它是<emphasis>不會</emphasis>記住之前的值的。
+ This example demonstrates that when assigning a reference to a static
+ variable, it's not <emphasis>remembered</emphasis> when you call the
+ <literal>&get_instance_ref()</literal> function a second time.
</simpara>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="language.variables.variable">
- <title>可變變數</title>
+ <title>Variable variables</title>
<simpara>
- 有時候，可以使用可變變數會[EMAIL PROTECTED]@[EMAIL PROTECTED]
+ Sometimes it is convenient to be able to have variable variable
+ names. That is, a variable name which can be set and used
+ dynamically. A normal variable is set with a statement such as:
</simpara>
<informalexample>
@@ -509,7 +661,10 @@
</informalexample>
<simpara>
- [EMAIL PROTECTED]@[EMAIL PROTECTED] $ 在 <emphasis>hello</emphasis> [EMAIL
PROTECTED]@個變數的名來使用了。即：
+ A variable variable takes the value of a variable and treats that
+ as the name of a variable. In the above example,
+ <emphasis>hello</emphasis>, can be used as the name of a variable
+ by using two dollar signs. i.e.
</simpara>
<informalexample>
@@ -523,7 +678,10 @@
</informalexample>
<simpara>
- 這時，有兩個變數被定義然後儲存在 PHP 的符號表中：含有 "hello" 的
<varname>$a</varname> 及含有 "world" 的 <varname>$hello</varname>。所以，此敘述：
+ At this point two variables have been defined and stored in the
+ PHP symbol tree: <varname>$a</varname> with contents "hello" and
+ <varname>$hello</varname> with contents "world". Therefore, this
+ statement:
</simpara>
<informalexample>
@@ -537,7 +695,7 @@
</informalexample>
<simpara>
- 與下列這句有著同樣的輸出：
+ produces the exact same output as:
</simpara>
<informalexample>
@@ -551,34 +709,48 @@
</informalexample>
<simpara>
- 即，它們都輸出：<computeroutput>hello world</computeroutput>。
+ i.e. they both produce: <computeroutput>hello world</computeroutput>.
</simpara>
<simpara>
- [EMAIL PROTECTED] <varname>$$a[1]</varname>，那剖析器必須知道您是想當
<varname>$a[1]</varname> 是變數來使用，還是當 <varname>$$a</varname>
是變數，然後指向那個變數的第 [1] [EMAIL PROTECTED]
<varname>${$a[1]}</varname>、第二個情況使用 <varname>${$a}[1]</varname>。
+ In order to use variable variables with arrays, you have to
+ resolve an ambiguity problem. That is, if you write
+ <varname>$$a[1]</varname> then the parser needs to know if you
+ meant to use <varname>$a[1]</varname> as a variable, or if you
+ wanted <varname>$$a</varname> as the variable and then the [1]
+ index from that variable. The syntax for resolving this ambiguity
+ is: <varname>${$a[1]}</varname> for the first case and
+ <varname>${$a}[1]</varname> for the second.
</simpara>
<warning>
<simpara>
- 必須留意的是，可變變數是不能使用於 PHP 的 <link
linkend="language.variables.superglobals">Superglobal 陳列</link>。這表示您不能使用
<varname>${$_GET}</varname> 這樣的敘述。如果您真的想使用 superglobals 和舊的
<varname>HTTP_*_VARS</varname>，您可以嘗試以<link
linkend="language.references">參照</link>的方式使用。
+ Please note that variable variables cannot be used with PHP's
+ <link linkend="language.variables.superglobals">Superglobal arrays</link>.
+ This means you cannot do things like <varname>${$_GET}</varname>. If you are
+ looking for a way to handle availability of superglobals and the old
+ <varname>HTTP_*_VARS</varname>, you might want to try
+ <link linkend="language.references">referencing</link> them.
</simpara>
</warning>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="language.variables.external">
- <title>來自 PHP 以外的變數</title>
+ <title>Variables from outside PHP</title>
<sect2 id="language.variables.external.form">
- <title>HTML 表單 (GET 和POST)</title>
+ <title>HTML Forms (GET and POST)</title>
<simpara>
- [EMAIL PROTECTED] PHP
程式時，表單內的資訊將自動提供給該程式。我們有很多方法存取這些資訊，範例：
+ When a form is submitted to a PHP script, the information from
+ that form is automatically made available to the script. There
+ are many ways to access this information, for example:
</simpara>
<para>
<example>
- <title>[EMAIL PROTECTED] HTML 表單</title>
+ <title>A simple HTML form</title>
<programlisting role="html">
<![CDATA[
<form action="foo.php" method="post">
@@ -592,12 +764,13 @@
</para>
<para>
- 根據您的安裝方式和個人偏好，PHP 提供多種方式存取 HTML [EMAIL PROTECTED]
+ Depending on your particular setup and personal preferences, there
+ are many ways to access data from your HTML forms. Some examples are:
</para>
<para>
<example>
- <title>[EMAIL PROTECTED] POST 方式傳送的簡單 HTML 表單</title>
+ <title>Accessing data from a simple POST HTML form</title>
<programlisting role="html">
<![CDATA[
<?php
@@ -609,7 +782,7 @@
import_request_variables('p', 'p_');
print $p_username;
-// Available since PHP 3. As of PHP 5.0.0, these long predefined
+// Available since PHP 3. As of PHP 5.0.0, these long predefined
// variables can be disabled with the register_long_arrays directive.
print $HTTP_POST_VARS['username'];
@@ -625,33 +798,55 @@
</example>
</para>
<para>
- 使用 GET 方式傳送的表單用法類似，只不過使用合適的先前定義的函數。GET
也可使用在查詢字串 (QUERY_STRING) 〈URL 中問號 '?'
後面的資訊〉。例如，<literal>http://www.example.com/test.php?id=3</literal> 含有以
<varname>$_GET['id']</varname> 方式存取的 GET 資料。請參考 <link
linkend="reserved.variables.request">$_REQUEST</link> 和
<function>import_request_variables()</function>。
+ Using a GET form is similar except you'll use the appropriate
+ GET predefined variable instead. GET also applies to the
+ QUERY_STRING (the information after the '?' in an URL). So,
+ for example, <literal>http://www.example.com/test.php?id=3</literal>
+ contains GET data which is accessible with <varname>$_GET['id']</varname>.
+ See also <link linkend="reserved.variables.request">$_REQUEST</link> and
+ <function>import_request_variables</function>.
</para>
<note>
<para>
- <link linkend="language.variables.superglobals">Superglobal 陳列</link>如
<varname>$_POST</varname> 及 <varname>$_GET</varname> 在 PHP 版本 4.1.0
以上才開始提供。
+ <link linkend="language.variables.superglobals">Superglobal arrays</link>,
+ like <varname>$_POST</varname> and <varname>$_GET</varname>, became
+ available in PHP 4.1.0
</para>
</note>
<para>
- 上面提到，在 PHP 4.2.0 之前的版本中，<link
linkend="ini.register-globals">register_globals</link> 的預設值是
<emphasis>on</emphasis>。而在 PHP 3 中，它永遠是 on [EMAIL PROTECTED]
<emphasis>off</emphasis> 來設計您的程式。
+ As shown, before PHP 4.2.0 the default value for <link
+ linkend="ini.register-globals">register_globals</link>
+ was <emphasis>on</emphasis>. And, in PHP 3 it was always on. The PHP
+ community is encouraging all to not rely on this directive
+ as it's preferred to assume it's <emphasis>off</emphasis> and code
+ accordingly.
</para>
<note>
<para>
- <link linkend="ini.magic-quotes-gpc">magic_quotes_gpc</link> 組態指令會影響到
Get，Post 和 Cookie 的值。如果開啟此指令，(It's "PHP!") 的值將變成 (It\'s
\"PHP!\")[EMAIL PROTECTED]
<function>addslashes</function>，<function>stripslashes</function> 和 <link
linkend="ini.magic-quotes-sybase">magic_quotes_sybase</link>。
+ The <link linkend="ini.magic-quotes-gpc">magic_quotes_gpc</link>
+ configuration directive affects Get, Post and Cookie values. If
+ turned on, value (It's "PHP!") will automagically become (It\'s \"PHP!\").
+ Escaping is needed for DB insertion. See also
+ <function>addslashes</function>, <function>stripslashes</function> and
+ <link linkend="ini.magic-quotes-sybase">magic_quotes_sybase</link>.
</para>
</note>
<simpara>
- PHP 也懂得處理陳列式的表單變數〈請參觀相關的 <link
linkend="faq.html">FAQ</link>〉。您可以將相關的變數歸類，或用此功能來取回多元選擇輸入表單的值。在下列範例中，我們將表單張貼到它自己，並在傳送後把資料顯示出來：
-
+ PHP also understands arrays in the context of form variables
+ (see the <link linkend="faq.html">related faq</link>). You may,
+ for example, group related variables together, or use this
+ feature to retrieve values from a multiple select input. For
+ example, let's post a form to itself and upon submission display
+ the data:
</simpara>
<para>
<example>
- <title>更複雜的表單變數</title>
+ <title>More complex form variables</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
@@ -685,14 +880,16 @@
</para>
<para>
- PHP 3 [EMAIL PROTECTED] PHP 4 則沒有此限制。
+ In PHP 3, the array form variable usage is limited to
+ single-dimensional arrays. In PHP 4, no such restriction applies.
</para>
<sect3 id="language.variables.external.form.submit">
- <title>IMAGE SUBMIT 變數名稱</title>
+ <title>IMAGE SUBMIT variable names</title>
<simpara>
- 在傳送表單時，我們可以使用下列標籤將標準的提交鍵以圖像來取代：
+ When submitting a form, it is possible to use an image instead
+ of the standard submit button with a tag like:
</simpara>
<informalexample>
@@ -704,7 +901,13 @@
</informalexample>
<simpara>
- [EMAIL
PROTECTED]@下，伴隨的表單就會傳送到伺服器，隨其而來還附加了兩個變數，sub_x 和
sub_y。這包含了使用者按在圖像的座標。有經驗的使用者或許知道由瀏覽器傳送來的變數名稱應該包含句號，而不是底線，但
PHP 自動地將句號轉換成為底線。
+ When the user clicks somewhere on the image, the accompanying
+ form will be transmitted to the server with two additional
+ variables, sub_x and sub_y. These contain the coordinates of the
+ user click within the image. The experienced may note that the
+ actual variable names sent by the browser contains a period
+ rather than an underscore, but PHP converts the period to an
+ underscore automatically.
</simpara>
</sect3>
@@ -714,12 +917,24 @@
<title>HTTP Cookies</title>
<simpara>
- PHP 絕對支援 <ulink
- url="&spec.cookies;">Netscape規格</ulink>的 HTTP cookies。Cookies
是用來將資料儲存在用戶端的瀏覽器中，以便日後追蹤或識別返回的使用者。您可以用
<function>setcookie()</function> 函數來設定 cookies。Cookies 是 HTTP header [EMAIL
PROTECTED] SetCookie [EMAIL PROTECTED] <function>header()</function>
函數有著相同的限定。Cookie 資料可以在
<varname>$_COOKIE</varname>，<varname>$HTTP_COOKIE_VARS</varname> 及
<varname>$_REQUEST</varname> 陳列中供使用。詳情和範例請參考手冊的
<function>setcookie()</function> 部份。
+ PHP transparently supports HTTP cookies as defined by <ulink
+ url="&spec.cookies;">Netscape's Spec</ulink>. Cookies are a
+ mechanism for storing data in the remote browser and thus
+ tracking or identifying return users. You can set cookies using
+ the <function>setcookie</function> function. Cookies are part of
+ the HTTP header, so the SetCookie function must be called before
+ any output is sent to the browser. This is the same restriction
+ as for the <function>header</function> function. Cookie data
+ is then available in the appropriate cookie data arrays, such
+ as <varname>$_COOKIE</varname>, <varname>$HTTP_COOKIE_VARS</varname>
+ as well as in <varname>$_REQUEST</varname>. See the
+ <function>setcookie</function> manual page for more details and
+ examples.
</simpara>
<simpara>
- [EMAIL PROTECTED] cookie 變數，那您就要使用陳列來指派了。範例：
+ If you wish to assign multiple values to a single cookie variable, you
+ may assign it as an array. For example:
</simpara>
<informalexample>
@@ -734,15 +949,21 @@
</informalexample>
<simpara>
- 這將會建立兩個個別的 cookies，儘管現在 [EMAIL PROTECTED]@個 cookie
建立多個值，那您可先對那些值使用 <function>serialize()</function> 或
<function>explode()</function> 函數。
+ That will create two seperate cookies although MyCookie will now
+ be a single array in your script. If you want to set just one cookie
+ with multiple values, consider using <function>serialize</function> or
+ <function>explode</function> on the value first.
</simpara>
<simpara>
- [EMAIL PROTECTED]@個 cookie 將會[EMAIL PROTECTED] cookie，除非該 cookie
的路徑[EMAIL PROTECTED]
+ Note that a cookie will replace a previous cookie by the same
+ name in your browser unless the path or domain is different. So,
+ for a shopping cart application you may want to keep a counter
+ and pass this along. i.e.
</simpara>
<example>
- <title>[EMAIL PROTECTED] <function>setcookie()</function> 的範例</title>
+ <title>A <function>setcookie</function> example</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
@@ -757,11 +978,13 @@
</sect2>
<sect2 id="language.variables.external.dot-in-names">
- <title>在變數名字中的句號 (dots)</title>
+ <title>Dots in incoming variable names</title>
<para>
- [EMAIL PROTECTED] 並不會更改傳入程式的變數名稱。然而，您必須留意句號 (.) [EMAIL
PROTECTED] PHP 變數名稱字元，正如：
-
+ Typically, PHP does not alter the names of variables when they
+ are passed into a script. However, it should be noted that the
+ dot (period, full stop) is not a valid character in a PHP
+ variable name. For the reason, look at it:
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
@@ -769,20 +992,34 @@
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
- [EMAIL PROTECTED] <varname>$varname</varname> 的變數，跟隨著字串連結運算子
(.)[EMAIL PROTECTED]|帶來您想要的結果。
+ Now, what the parser sees is a variable named
+ <varname>$varname</varname>, followed by the string concatenation
+ operator, followed by the barestring (i.e. unquoted string which
+ doesn't match any known key or reserved words) 'ext'. Obviously,
+ this doesn't have the intended result.
</para>
<para>
- 正因如此，PHP 會自動的將傳入的變數名稱中的句號 (.) 改為底線 (_)。
+ For this reason, it is important to note that PHP will
+ automatically replace any dots in incoming variable names with
+ underscores.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="language.variables.determining-type-of">
- <title>判定變數的類型</title>
+ <title>Determining variable types</title>
<para>
- 由於 PHP 會[EMAIL PROTECTED]
提供了幾個判定變數類型的函數：<function>gettype()</function>、<function>is_array()</function>、<function>is_float()</function>、<function>is_int()</function>、<function>is_object()</function>
及 <function>is_string()</function>。請參閱<link
linkend="language.types">類型</link>[EMAIL PROTECTED]
+ Because PHP determines the types of variables and converts them
+ (generally) as needed, it is not always obvious what type a given
+ variable is at any one time. PHP includes several functions
+ which find out what type a variable is, such as:
+ <function>gettype</function>, <function>is_array</function>,
+ <function>is_float</function>, <function>is_int</function>,
+ <function>is_object</function>, and
+ <function>is_string</function>. See also the chapter on
+ <link linkend="language.types">Types</link>.
</para>
</sect2>
@@ -809,4 +1046,4 @@
vim600: syn=xml fen fdm=syntax fdl=2 si
vim: et tw=78 syn=sgml
vi: ts=1 sw=1
--->
\ No newline at end of file
+-->
--
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