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Having trouble viewing this email? http://www.facebook.com/notes/william-j-federer/am <http://campaign.r20.constantcontact.com/render?m=1108762609255&ca=6067b620-a53b-4a7b-90fa-fdc86dd282ac> [image: https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/sys/S.gif] American Minute with Bill Federer Was Islam responsible for Columbus setting sail to find a sea route to India & China? [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/c70161ef-4240-4243-9956-5fcba980341e.jpg] *"T*here are but 155 years left...at which time...the world will come to an end," wrote *Christopher Columbus* in his book *Libro de Las Profecias*, composed in 1502 between his 3rd and 4th voyages. [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/0609d6ba-da16-424c-b127-6577429580b0.jpg] *Columbus* continued: "...The sign which convinces me that our Lord is hastening the end of the world is the preaching of the Gospel recently in so many lands." [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/9ff80151-0c00-49f5-be0d-324e879f4817.jpg] Though his predictions were off, *Columbus* revealed his motivation for setting sail on his first voyage AUGUST 3, 1492, with the *Nina, Pinta* and the *Santa Maria*. He sought to find *a sea route to India and China as the Islamic Ottoman state had closed off the land routes 40 years earlier.* [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/091a345d-28bc-43d9-8bc1-8051541ecc52.jpg] The background of the Islamic state occupying large areas of Europe began when Muslim crusaders, called "Moors," invaded Spain in 711 AD. With a cavalry of 80,000, Moors wielding curved scimitar swords, "went through all places like a desolating storm." [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/07358e10-0081-4e0d-a49a-36994a220029.jpg] The Mozarabic Chronicle, 754 AD, recorded that thousands of churches were burned and: "*God alone knows the number of the slain*." In 846 AD, just 46 years after Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome's old St. Peter's Basilica, *11,000 Muslims on 73 ships invaded Rome and sacked the Basilica*. They *desecrated the grave of St. Peter.* Muslims invaders then trashed the remains of *St. Paul,* which were in the historic church, *San Paolo fuori le Mura* (St Paul's outside the Walls.) [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/a5e8b810-01fc-4d2f-aac6-5d6f1c963e9b.jpg] As a result of this invasion,* Pope Leo IV* decided to protect the Vatican by *building a massive wall to keep the Muslims out*. [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/8a8a9e5c-57d8-4c76-a5ce-ca34c3aba2da.jpg] A miracle saved Rome at the *Battle of Ostia in 849 AD.* Muslim Saracen raiders set sail from Sardina with a fleet to invade Rome. Pope Leo rallied the cities of Amalfi, Gaeta and Naples to send ships to block the mouth of the Tiber River* near Ostia*. Muslims fiercely attacked and were winning *when suddenly a violent storm arose, dividing the Christians fleet from the Muslim attackers*. [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/59fec2ff-bb46-4318-a26d-7cd5f66433c3.jpg] *The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Biographical Dictionary* described *the Battle of Ostia*: "The Christian ships were able to make it back to port, but the Muslim ships were severely damaged and scattered. When the storm subsided, the remaining Muslim ships were easily captured." [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/865a5160-9f56-4bde-bef5-cfec103484c3.jpg] Muslims continued to raid, and Pope, John VIII (872-882) proved unsuccessful in rallying a defense. As a result, he was forced to pay an annual extortion tribute payment of 25,000 mancusi of silver. [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/5e64e995-5741-4890-96a0-41b6e5eafbf8.jpg] Muslims plundered the coasts of Italy, and in 883 AD, they destroyed the renown *monastery of Monte Cassino*, dragging its abbot, St. Bercharius, to the altar where they killed him. They destroyed the abbey of San Vincezo in 884, and the abbies of Farfa and Subiaco in 890. [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/66d691b0-d416-44ee-9d3f-aa4809304c9e.jpg] Pope John X rallied Byzantines, Lombards, Gaeta, Capua, Salerno, Beneventum, and others Italian states and personally led the troops into the field to stop the Muslims at the *Battle of Garigliano River in 916 AD*. Muslims captured Reggio and Calabria, selling inhabitants into North African slavery. [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/08ba3ddf-ed90-4d2b-8742-fd1d42023763.jpg] In 1011, Muslims killed 2,000 in Cordoba, Spain. In 1066, Muslims massacred every one of the 5,000 Jews in Granada, Spain. [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/24029368-f115-45ba-bdfc-f00cb4aa67b1.jpg] In 1189, Muslims raided Libson, Portugal, and enslaved 3,000 women and children. In 1191, Muslims attacked Silves, Portugal, enslaving another 3,000. The Catholic Orders of Montjoie, and Calatrava, were organized to ransom back Christian slaves. <http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CSnNHq_WAFnSNFXR5-pkUwb7d4Uk8vooJ4bw3egbrPGoBUlhJ3bVKPtItxMRV5eMHXkbRwMcaISt88hqPECDYC3wyxRB75UlMdfJz0yi2XnGPwxKCyj9lEAsZ7AwAZQ6GyWLRbSegPyGzvNMIs8_nFTOLU6ULXPBT4oxyN4IXN7yosUDeWiuCvHwp2BJ8CM0nK6mtB3gtM8Gt2J6qV6zCFCIjl4B00Dh8sOtMmnn4O11vnx1ny_56Yi5byGocSu4&c=w-doX4pYHWNn1dTQmVKu5ybLUosRlgUTYyqif43AzLfoUBwtXCVdEg==&ch=cN6xGcTYF-vuaGWDOQpFsW1Uh6aw7Bnxbc6OJA8gnCo8Q1OPG-VTJQ==>[image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/d23dcb86-4f30-45c3-adc0-4f994add9f8d.jpg] <http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CSnNHq_WAFnSNFXR5-pkUwb7d4Uk8vooJ4bw3egbrPGoBUlhJ3bVKPtItxMRV5eMHXkbRwMcaISt88hqPECDYC3wyxRB75UlMdfJz0yi2XnGPwxKCyj9lEAsZ7AwAZQ6GyWLRbSegPyGzvNMIs8_nFTOLU6ULXPBT4oxyN4IXN7yosUDeWiuCvHwp2BJ8CM0nK6mtB3gtM8Gt2J6qV6zCFCIjl4B00Dh8sOtMmnn4O11vnx1ny_56Yi5byGocSu4&c=w-doX4pYHWNn1dTQmVKu5ybLUosRlgUTYyqif43AzLfoUBwtXCVdEg==&ch=cN6xGcTYF-vuaGWDOQpFsW1Uh6aw7Bnxbc6OJA8gnCo8Q1OPG-VTJQ==> <http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CSnNHq_WAFnSNFXR5-pkUwb7d4Uk8vooJ4bw3egbrPGoBUlhJ3bVKPtItxMRV5eMHXkbRwMcaISt88hqPECDYC3wyxRB75UlMdfJz0yi2XnGPwxKCyj9lEAsZ7AwAZQ6GyWLRbSegPyGzvNMIs8_nFTOLU6ULXPBT4oxyN4IXN7yosUDeWiuCvHwp2BJ8CM0nK6mtB3gtM8Gt2J6qV6zCFCIjl4B00Dh8sOtMmnn4O11vnx1ny_56Yi5byGocSu4&c=w-doX4pYHWNn1dTQmVKu5ybLUosRlgUTYyqif43AzLfoUBwtXCVdEg==&ch=cN6xGcTYF-vuaGWDOQpFsW1Uh6aw7Bnxbc6OJA8gnCo8Q1OPG-VTJQ==> *Get the BEST-SELLING book, What Every American Needs to Know About the Qur'an-A History of Islam & the United States* <http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CSnNHq_WAFnSNFXR5-pkUwb7d4Uk8vooJ4bw3egbrPGoBUlhJ3bVKPtItxMRV5eMHXkbRwMcaISt88hqPECDYC3wyxRB75UlMdfJz0yi2XnGPwxKCyj9lEAsZ7AwAZQ6GyWLRbSegPyGzvNMIs8_nFTOLU6ULXPBT4oxyN4IXN7yosUDeWiuCvHwp2BJ8CM0nK6mtB3gtM8Gt2J6qV6zCFCIjl4B00Dh8sOtMmnn4O11vnx1ny_56Yi5byGocSu4&c=w-doX4pYHWNn1dTQmVKu5ybLUosRlgUTYyqif43AzLfoUBwtXCVdEg==&ch=cN6xGcTYF-vuaGWDOQpFsW1Uh6aw7Bnxbc6OJA8gnCo8Q1OPG-VTJQ==> [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/936cacc7-abef-4d2e-b665-eb71547f2b18.jpg] It took over 700 years to drive Muslims out of Spain in what was called the "reconquista" or re-conquest. In 1085, the *Kingdom of Castile* freed *Toledo* from Muslim control. [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/19fb5e14-75a4-49c6-ba27-6c0443a71cdf.jpg] The Spanish knight *Rodrigo Diaz*, known as "*El Cid*," drove Muslims out of Valencia in 1094. (Charlton Heston starred in the movie, *"El Cid,"* in 1961). In 1119, the *Kingdom of Aragon* fought and freed the city of *Zaragoza* from Muslim control. <http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CSnNHq_WAFnSNFXR5-pkUwb7d4Uk8vooJ4bw3egbrPGoBUlhJ3bVKPtItxMRV5eMqAgWAHRXdBYG1IbgnJYnIJOBMhAu_K7P7SafOK_PQL2LvBddv3PLn29ajm9CeboyqNcGFBBdgWbZFg8bPZMBco-VY3juttKKihRJ7GDOyOfL8b7jVRclGzsMYbU0JRh7-NzjvHcgd4KneiURlb5xzRtcHkvMXbGoxnVoVxi4Z-D3p3XSD-WbMp6jDs5oxT4U&c=w-doX4pYHWNn1dTQmVKu5ybLUosRlgUTYyqif43AzLfoUBwtXCVdEg==&ch=cN6xGcTYF-vuaGWDOQpFsW1Uh6aw7Bnxbc6OJA8gnCo8Q1OPG-VTJQ==>[image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/a9889b46-3e03-4f37-8ad1-e0d3b917c813.jpg] <http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CSnNHq_WAFnSNFXR5-pkUwb7d4Uk8vooJ4bw3egbrPGoBUlhJ3bVKPtItxMRV5eMqAgWAHRXdBYG1IbgnJYnIJOBMhAu_K7P7SafOK_PQL2LvBddv3PLn29ajm9CeboyqNcGFBBdgWbZFg8bPZMBco-VY3juttKKihRJ7GDOyOfL8b7jVRclGzsMYbU0JRh7-NzjvHcgd4KneiURlb5xzRtcHkvMXbGoxnVoVxi4Z-D3p3XSD-WbMp6jDs5oxT4U&c=w-doX4pYHWNn1dTQmVKu5ybLUosRlgUTYyqif43AzLfoUBwtXCVdEg==&ch=cN6xGcTYF-vuaGWDOQpFsW1Uh6aw7Bnxbc6OJA8gnCo8Q1OPG-VTJQ==> <http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CSnNHq_WAFnSNFXR5-pkUwb7d4Uk8vooJ4bw3egbrPGoBUlhJ3bVKPtItxMRV5eMqAgWAHRXdBYG1IbgnJYnIJOBMhAu_K7P7SafOK_PQL2LvBddv3PLn29ajm9CeboyqNcGFBBdgWbZFg8bPZMBco-VY3juttKKihRJ7GDOyOfL8b7jVRclGzsMYbU0JRh7-NzjvHcgd4KneiURlb5xzRtcHkvMXbGoxnVoVxi4Z-D3p3XSD-WbMp6jDs5oxT4U&c=w-doX4pYHWNn1dTQmVKu5ybLUosRlgUTYyqif43AzLfoUBwtXCVdEg==&ch=cN6xGcTYF-vuaGWDOQpFsW1Uh6aw7Bnxbc6OJA8gnCo8Q1OPG-VTJQ==> *DVD Islamic Conquest-Past & Present -A captivating series of five 30-minute programs* <http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CSnNHq_WAFnSNFXR5-pkUwb7d4Uk8vooJ4bw3egbrPGoBUlhJ3bVKPtItxMRV5eMqAgWAHRXdBYG1IbgnJYnIJOBMhAu_K7P7SafOK_PQL2LvBddv3PLn29ajm9CeboyqNcGFBBdgWbZFg8bPZMBco-VY3juttKKihRJ7GDOyOfL8b7jVRclGzsMYbU0JRh7-NzjvHcgd4KneiURlb5xzRtcHkvMXbGoxnVoVxi4Z-D3p3XSD-WbMp6jDs5oxT4U&c=w-doX4pYHWNn1dTQmVKu5ybLUosRlgUTYyqif43AzLfoUBwtXCVdEg==&ch=cN6xGcTYF-vuaGWDOQpFsW1Uh6aw7Bnxbc6OJA8gnCo8Q1OPG-VTJQ==> *Columbus* wrote in his* El Libro de la Primera Navegacion*, as recounted by Bartolome' de Las Casas': [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/6c25ec2d-f9a7-4258-a6a3-ac66b01fc81d.jpg] "After Your Highnesses had *made an end to the war with the Moors who ruled in Europe*, and had concluded the war in the very great City of Granada, where in the present year, on the 2nd day of the month of January, I saw the Royal Standards of Your Highnesses placed by force of arms on the towers of the Alhambra (which is the citadel of the said city), And* I saw the Moorish King come forth to the gates of the city* and kiss the Royal Hands of Your Highnesses." [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/cea51c48-19e9-464d-b4df-d8a01339571d.jpg] *Columbus* referenced how 40 years earlier in 1453, Muslim Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople, effectively cutting off *the land trade routes to travel from Europe east to India and China.* *This gave rise to Columbus and other European explorers searching for a sea route.* *Columbus* continued in his *El Libro de la Primera Navegacion*: "And soon after in that same month, through information I had given to your Highnesses concerning *the lands of India, and of a Prince who is called Gran Can (Khan),* which is to say in our vernacular 'King of Kings,' [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/666a641b-7ef0-4348-b3b4-c3491595a5e9.jpg] how many times he and his predecessors had sent to Rome to seek doctors in our Holy Faith to instruct him therein, and that never had the Holy Father provided them, and thus so many people were lost through lapsing into idolatries and receiving doctrines of perdition; And Your Highnesses, as Catholic Christians and Princes devoted to the Holy Christian Faith and the propagators thereof, and *enemies of the sect of Mahomet and of all idolatries and heresies*, [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/d5bcce7c-dea5-4d61-a393-d86cc89668cf.jpg] resolved to send me,* Christopher Columbus*, to the said *regions of India*, to see the said princes and peoples and lands and the dispositions of them and of all, and the manner in which may be undertaken their conversion to our Holy Faith..." [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/4b87a258-cc11-4ea0-9852-87a86377199a.jpg] *Columbus* concluded his address to the King and Queen of Spain: "...And ordained that* I should not go by land (the usual way*) to the Orient, *but by the route of the Occident*, by which no one to this day knows for sure that anyone has gone." [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/0cc82d76-14b9-4e19-9aaf-709a292d09fb.jpg] Those critical of Columbus for inadvertently discovering the New World should consider blaming *the Islamic State, as it was their cutting off of the land routes to India and China which gave impetus *for Columbus to search for a sea route. [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/9020cd6d-f344-4700-8bf0-aab27902dc6b.jpg] Columbus stated in his* Libro de Las Profecias*, written between his third and fourth voyages: "I spent seven years in your royal Court arguing the case with so many persons of such authority and learned in all the arts, and in the end they concluded that all was idle nonsense...yet the outcome will be the fulfillment of what our Redeemer Jesus Christ said... that...all that was written by him and by the prophets to be fulfilled." [image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/703f1402-0adb-4cee-b109-8e50abacde23.jpg] Columbus continued: "The Holy Scriptures testify...*that this world will come to an end.*.. St. Augustine says that *the end of this world will occur in the seventh millennium following the Creation*." Columbus ended: "I have already said that for the execution of the enterprise of the Indies, neither reason, nor mathematics, nor world maps were profitable to me; *rather the prophecy of Isaiah was fulfilled.*" <http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CSnNHq_WAFnSNFXR5-pkUwb7d4Uk8vooJ4bw3egbrPGoBUlhJ3bVKBPaA-IL2vmfY2vvPkjWlNiI3l6HKreOD9gAHUZeVfpaU-8i6Q3epTK2qUiI9i3YBGp4CLwgPEW5Xr237fTKF01Fq2cqWgeyMjR9Spx3zVXFq70bzAEcAtGCwJur1XXnioKgeDEbPBjhQQcNQzQMR94UCMufN8c9KV8QrgwzcNGZI_ZHCiXHgMn4FDqMnF38rCgJQBMp4kMx&c=w-doX4pYHWNn1dTQmVKu5ybLUosRlgUTYyqif43AzLfoUBwtXCVdEg==&ch=cN6xGcTYF-vuaGWDOQpFsW1Uh6aw7Bnxbc6OJA8gnCo8Q1OPG-VTJQ==>[image: http://files.ctctcdn.com/766c6672201/094778cf-323a-411a-9c76-10dcde31eda6.jpg] <http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CSnNHq_WAFnSNFXR5-pkUwb7d4Uk8vooJ4bw3egbrPGoBUlhJ3bVKBPaA-IL2vmfY2vvPkjWlNiI3l6HKreOD9gAHUZeVfpaU-8i6Q3epTK2qUiI9i3YBGp4CLwgPEW5Xr237fTKF01Fq2cqWgeyMjR9Spx3zVXFq70bzAEcAtGCwJur1XXnioKgeDEbPBjhQQcNQzQMR94UCMufN8c9KV8QrgwzcNGZI_ZHCiXHgMn4FDqMnF38rCgJQBMp4kMx&c=w-doX4pYHWNn1dTQmVKu5ybLUosRlgUTYyqif43AzLfoUBwtXCVdEg==&ch=cN6xGcTYF-vuaGWDOQpFsW1Uh6aw7Bnxbc6OJA8gnCo8Q1OPG-VTJQ==> <http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CSnNHq_WAFnSNFXR5-pkUwb7d4Uk8vooJ4bw3egbrPGoBUlhJ3bVKBPaA-IL2vmfY2vvPkjWlNiI3l6HKreOD9gAHUZeVfpaU-8i6Q3epTK2qUiI9i3YBGp4CLwgPEW5Xr237fTKF01Fq2cqWgeyMjR9Spx3zVXFq70bzAEcAtGCwJur1XXnioKgeDEbPBjhQQcNQzQMR94UCMufN8c9KV8QrgwzcNGZI_ZHCiXHgMn4FDqMnF38rCgJQBMp4kMx&c=w-doX4pYHWNn1dTQmVKu5ybLUosRlgUTYyqif43AzLfoUBwtXCVdEg==&ch=cN6xGcTYF-vuaGWDOQpFsW1Uh6aw7Bnxbc6OJA8gnCo8Q1OPG-VTJQ==> *Get the book AMERICAN MINUTE-Notable Events of American Significance Remembered on the Date They Occurred* <http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CSnNHq_WAFnSNFXR5-pkUwb7d4Uk8vooJ4bw3egbrPGoBUlhJ3bVKBPaA-IL2vmfY2vvPkjWlNiI3l6HKreOD9gAHUZeVfpaU-8i6Q3epTK2qUiI9i3YBGp4CLwgPEW5Xr237fTKF01Fq2cqWgeyMjR9Spx3zVXFq70bzAEcAtGCwJur1XXnioKgeDEbPBjhQQcNQzQMR94UCMufN8c9KV8QrgwzcNGZI_ZHCiXHgMn4FDqMnF38rCgJQBMp4kMx&c=w-doX4pYHWNn1dTQmVKu5ybLUosRlgUTYyqif43AzLfoUBwtXCVdEg==&ch=cN6xGcTYF-vuaGWDOQpFsW1Uh6aw7Bnxbc6OJA8gnCo8Q1OPG-VTJQ==> *Search AMERICAN MINUTE archives* <http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CSnNHq_WAFnSNFXR5-pkUwb7d4Uk8vooJ4bw3egbrPGoBUlhJ3bVKBwwEz41oBI5kHdSdribYt_zmw-6Wa7JwRlHk8qpS_SucxpRVWhKd-5w234B-yJKnDecPlP6HzhKfMkGhrCekyo-Bhyuc5FFtaq-kacRWTohDtmDyogxsLuwVayd1PT5p3dxrTozzVRtNNlNqgejWZcXJpIUffkvr8fNNmT3U1-5zL9J0Jyx0HgwopaYleUa70pfP6Qcpj2K7k18sFdQCRBxGig_LJx3gaUVjVF-cqtxLWH_3KQb4CUfplQ_KQ4xJs00IhXh0xymJwGpEzb2Eg1kFfjj1VyBKb758heaR7OpDhOVtuByP_WXTh7okIiWEjm-typ00Rlp&c=w-doX4pYHWNn1dTQmVKu5ybLUosRlgUTYyqif43AzLfoUBwtXCVdEg==&ch=cN6xGcTYF-vuaGWDOQpFsW1Uh6aw7Bnxbc6OJA8gnCo8Q1OPG-VTJQ==> *Watch past FAITH IN HISTORY episodes for FREE* <http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CSnNHq_WAFnSNFXR5-pkUwb7d4Uk8vooJ4bw3egbrPGoBUlhJ3bVKFfaHP8Iniy9liPQbfFJk-fRGQxKDmSTJaCOnoX7Ry4fBufMb-qHGs2hTC2oCuM7RuzaTrdt8mpY0dzcAu_zKX_VWb45iIjql7fwApdZUAOd5gMczIx709U6WztsmkAWAStSNmN6xwz956A1riitCmb3qwEY8RvuInM9XIuICPllkOP2AVk9K6un54L4J-lEdNVwGOWC49KP&c=w-doX4pYHWNn1dTQmVKu5ybLUosRlgUTYyqif43AzLfoUBwtXCVdEg==&ch=cN6xGcTYF-vuaGWDOQpFsW1Uh6aw7Bnxbc6OJA8gnCo8Q1OPG-VTJQ==> Bill Federer www.AmericanMinute.com <http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CSnNHq_WAFnSNFXR5-pkUwb7d4Uk8vooJ4bw3egbrPGoBUlhJ3bVKGC2hCkQIL7dL8bglpAnJI0FOpQMFNJm4vareyyOpANMqoJRMFQ_oUamtRnTMErgQrjK7qf8-HL6BqmBNKc_Lm6PoT8BGCdDF71V1bbyBX-1kUhLRVQwpUUsjGOPBPfO9g==&c=w-doX4pYHWNn1dTQmVKu5ybLUosRlgUTYyqif43AzLfoUBwtXCVdEg==&ch=cN6xGcTYF-vuaGWDOQpFsW1Uh6aw7Bnxbc6OJA8gnCo8Q1OPG-VTJQ==> News from AmericanMinute.com *Invite Bill Federer to speak:[email protected] <[email protected]> 314-502-8924* *Click here to shop AMERICAN MINUTE store* <http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001CSnNHq_WAFnSNFXR5-pkUwb7d4Uk8vooJ4bw3egbrPGoBUlhJ3bVKAIFIvMpm3ocEDLIxwjN2vHbnY2cqz_sLdtENuox8_RfTYYwD1d07YUFAEQyKltrn1uJy0D64v71QKMSOu0E-eWxOLQbMc0Vx7uHNpT73DLd0Xn4LWpxdRC_kOceYpmSusIFVcAOvssaAAyPSw9t9s8=&c=w-doX4pYHWNn1dTQmVKu5ybLUosRlgUTYyqif43AzLfoUBwtXCVdEg==&ch=cN6xGcTYF-vuaGWDOQpFsW1Uh6aw7Bnxbc6OJA8gnCo8Q1OPG-VTJQ==> *Click here to make a donation. 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