> It appears to be the "mixed" bit that is problematic:

> mdr@FLEHARISH ~ $ host Pool.ntp.org
> [NXDOMAIN]

> mdr@FLEHARISH ~ $ host pool.ntp.org 
> [works]

> mdr@FLEHARISH ~ $ host POOL.NTP.ORG
> [works]

I suspect your local cache of being responsible for the last of those.
Using dig @a.ntpns.org, I am unable to reproduce it:

% dig -t ns @a.ntpns.org pool.ntp.org
[NOERROR, nine NS records, naming a.ntpns.org through i.ntpns.org]

% dig -t ns @a.ntpns.org POOL.NTP.ORG
[SERVFAIL]

% dig -t ns @a.ntpns.org Pool.ntp.org
[SERVFAIL]

% dig -t ns @a.ntpns.org pool.ntp.ORG
[SERVFAIL]

% dig -t ns @a.ntpns.org pooL.ntp.org
[SERVFAIL]

I get basically the same behaviour when querying for type A: SERVFAIL
for not-all-lowercase names.

It looks to me as though the implementation behind a.ntpns.org just
doesn't understand the DNS's name equivalence rules.  I agree that
those rules are severely broken, but it is much, much too late to fix
them now.

The same is probably true of the other eight; presumably they're all
running the same code.  I picked g.ntpns.org "at random" and it proved
to behave more or less the same way, working only for all-lowercase
names and returning SERVFAIL for others.

They also return SERVFAIL when queried for other names, such as
lists.ntp.org or rodents-montreal.org, even when queried in all
lowercase, so I suspect they just aren't realizing that the query is
one they're supposed to serve.

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