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**http://english.pravda.ru/world/20/91/368/16774_women.html
Women gradually take the world under their control
01/21/2006 14:21
Women are being elected presidents in different countries
"I wonder if anybody could imagine a female president in Chile some 20
years or 10 years ago, even 5 years ago," said Chile's new president Michelle
Bachelet shortly after being sworn in. It is worthy of note that Ellen
Johnson-Sirleaf was inaugurated also this week as a new president of Liberia.
She became the first woman who became head of state in the history of Africa.
Few analysts doubt that Tarja Halonen will win in a runoff of the presidential
election in Finland.
Is the "female expansion" into big politics an accidental event or a
trend? Has the role of women changed in the modern world? Below are the
opinions of Russian experts - Sergei Markov, Denis Dragunsky and Boris
Makarenko.
Sergei Markov, the Director of the Institute of Political Studies:
It is a trend, and the role of women has changed. Women have been coming
into politics for a long time now. It is a three-stage journey. The first stage
was completed after women got the right to vote. The destruction of a
patriarchal family marked the second stage. As a result, women started to cast
their votes in accordance with their views, not as they were told by their
husbands. The third stage drew to a close as women were elected to parliaments
and appointed to governments. Now we see a new stage taking shape - women are
being elected presidents in different countries.
All of the above make part of a long process of emancipation of women.
The process is far from over.
Aside from emancipation, there is yet another trend. I expect a much
higher percentage of women to play an important role in politics. Woman will
dominate politics one of these days.
All and all, women are becoming a more important force all over the
world.
The importance of a physical force is gradually decreasing. A rational
analysis that is a characteristic of the male seems less important these days
than intuition, a female quality. A person of the past was supposed to
concentrate on one important business (suitable for men). Nowadays it is
essential that a person be able to keep several projects going. Making
decisions on a 'friend or foe' basis was an important requirement of the past.
Today you should carefully build interpersonal relations in order to succeed.
I am not talking about politics only. The role of women in managing
various institutions can only grow bigger.
Fortunately, my world will still be the men's world, anyway. We do not
know how the women's world will look like. There are a few good things with
regard to a female way of management e.g. a propensity for making compromises.
However, there are other characteristics that do not look so placid. Take a
look at commercials targeting female consumers. A new trend shows
aggressiveness as an embodiment of the modern woman.
However, thus far the majority of female politicians, the so-called 'iron
ladies, have displayed men's qualities.' I believe soon those ladies will be
replaced by female politicians that will do men's job in a female way. Yulia
Tymoshenko is one of the most flagrant examples.
Denis Dragunsky, scientific leader of the research institute "Public
Agreement":
It is a trend, and a very good one. The role of women in politics has
changed. It has become more important. It does not apply exclusively to the
feminist movements that brought about radical changes in politics in 20th and
21st centuries. This is the only way of the development of democracy for it can
be assessed by a degree of participation of various strata of citizens in the
democratic processes. The analysis implies using a range of principles from
racial to property to age and gender.
Many women are still aware of this side of life. However, taking part in
the decision-making is getting natural for women.
Taking into account that a woman has won the presidential race in Chile,
the significance is even higher. Latin America's equatorial machismo is the
other side of adulation for the woman. Chile has always looked like a variety
of Latin American Prussia. Too much masculinity wearing military uniform at all
times. The emergence of a female president in such a militarist country as
Chile is a lot more important than electing a female president in Venezuela.
Boris Makarenko, deputy director of the Center of Political Technologies:
It is a coincidence as well as a trend. Women in the top executive
positions are hardly a news item in Europe or anywhere else. Let us recall
India and Israel headed by women in the 20th century. The real news is that
women assumed top executive positions within a week in different parts of the
world.
The process of emancipation goes on, it is a universal trend. But an
emancipation rate differs in different countries. Scandinavian countries have
the highest rate. I would say that the process of complete erasure of gender
barriers has been virtually completed. It is unsurprising to see women becoming
presidents in Finland and Norway.
Emancipation has made considerable progress in most countries. It
resulted in creating conditions for the election of women. At the same time, a
complete social equality still belongs to the future. A number of reasons
normally lie behind the election of a woman to the position of a chief of
state. A charismatic personality e.g. Margaret Thatcher has good chances of
being elected. A strong woman will predictably go to the top if she happens to
be a daughter, widow and relative of a popular male politician. All female
presidents in India were elected because of the above factor. Indira Ghandi was
the only exception. Despite being related to a popular political leader, she
became a prominent politician herself.
By the way, Michelle Bachelet is a daughter of a well-known army general
who was arrested and tortured to death during the rule of General Pinochet.
A political crisis at times creates conditions for a female politician to
take power. The election of Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf is one of the examples.
So equality is far from being complete.
Discuss this article on Pravda.Ru English Forum
Read the original in Russian: (Translated by: Guerman Grachev)
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
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