bunga 10% per tahun?
ck ck ck, kemaruk banget bank dunia dan imf.
kayak lintah darat di kampung ane. :)
ngaji lagi, ah...
----- Original Message -----
From: A Nizami
To: lisi ; ekonomi-nasio...@yahoogroups.com ; ppiindia@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Wednesday, May 05, 2010 4:45 PM
Subject: [ppiindia] Re: # Ngaji Bank Dunia dari Wikipedia...
Kenyataannya Bank Dunia justru memiskinkan banyak rakyat di berbagai dunia
dan menguntungkan perusahaan2 AS.
Dengan hutang Rp 1600 trilyun saja para kreditor seperti Bank Dunia, IMF,
ADB, dsb menikmati bunga Rp 160 trilyun/tahun dari Indonesia (asumsi bunga
10%/tahun).
Bukan cuma bunga, dengan belenggu hutang mereka paksa Indonesia menjual
BUMN2nya sehingga dapat dibeli oleh perusahaan2 AS dan konconya World Bank.
Kekayaan alam Indonesia pun akhirnya sebagian besar dinikmati oleh MNA asal
AS...
===
Belajar Islam sesuai Al Qur'an dan Hadits
http://media-islam.or.id
Milis Ekonomi Nasional: ekonomi-nasional-subscr...@yahoogroups.com
Belajar Islam via SMS:
http://media-islam.or.id/2008/01/14/dakwah-syiar-islam-lewat-sms-mobile-phone
--- Pada Rab, 5/5/10, Indra Jaya Piliang <pi_li...@yahoo.com> menulis:
Dari: Indra Jaya Piliang <pi_li...@yahoo.com>
Judul: [LISI] # Ngaji Bank Dunia dari Wikipedia...
Kepada: kabinet-muda-indone...@googlegroups.com
Tanggal: Rabu, 5 Mei, 2010, 1:41 AM
World Bank Group
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World Bank
Formation 27 December 1945
Type International organization
Legal status Treaty
Purpose/focus Economic development, poverty elimination
Membership 185 countries
President Robert B. Zoellick
Main organ Board of Directors[1]
Website www.worldbankgroup. org
The World Bank Group (WBG) is a family of five international organizations
that makes leveraged loans, generally to poor countries. The Bank came into
formal existence on 27 December 1945 following international ratification of
the Bretton Woods agreements, which emerged from the United Nations Monetary
and Financial Conference (1 July – 22 July 1944). It also provided the
foundation of the Osiander-Committee in 1951, responsible for the preparation
and evaluation of the World Development Report. Commencing operations on 25
June 1946, it approved its first loan on 9 May 1947 ($250M to France for
postwar reconstruction, in real terms the largest loan issued by the Bank to
date). Its five agencies are:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
International Development Association (IDA)
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
The term "World Bank" generally refers to the IBRD and IDA, whereas the World
Bank Group is used to refer to the institutions collectively. [2]
The World Bank's (i.e. the IBRD and IDA's) activities are focused on
developing countries, in fields such as human development (e.g. education,
health), agriculture and rural development (e.g. irrigation, rural services),
environmental protection (e.g. pollution reduction, establishing and enforcing
regulations) , infrastructure (e.g. roads, urban regeneration, electricity) ,
and governance (e.g. anti-corruption, legal institutions development) . The
IBRD and IDA provide loans at preferential rates to member countries, as well
as grants to the poorest countries. Loans or grants for specific projects are
often linked to wider policy changes in the sector or the economy. For example,
a loan to improve coastal environmental management may be linked to development
of new environmental institutions at national and local levels and the
implementation of new regulations to limit pollution.
The activities of the IFC and MIGA include investment in the private sector
and providing insurance respectively.
The World Bank Institute is the capacity development branch of the World
Bank, providing learning and other capacity-building programs to member
countries. Two countries, Venezuela and Ecuador, have recently withdrawn from
the World Bank.
Contents [hide]
1 Organizational structure
1.1 World Bank Group agencies
1.2 Presidency
1.3 Current President
2 List of presidents
3 List of chief economists
4 List of World Bank Directors-General of Evaluation
5 Evaluation at the World Bank
5.1 Social and environmental concerns
5.2 The Independent Evaluation Group
5.3 Extractive Industries Review
5.4 Impact evaluations
6 Allegations of corruption
7 Criticism
7.1 AIDS controversy
8 See also
9 References
10 Notes
11 External links
11.1 NGOs
[edit] Organizational structure
Together with four affiliated agencies created between 1956 and 1988, the
IBRD is part of the World Bank Group. The Group's headquarters are in
Washington, D.C. It is an international organization owned by member
governments; although it makes profits, these profits are used to support
continued efforts in poverty reduction.[citation needed]
Technically the World Bank is part of the United Nations system, but its
governance structure is different: each institution in the World Bank Group is
owned by its member governments, which subscribe to its basic share capital,
with votes proportional to shareholding. Membership gives certain voting rights
that are the same for all countries but there are also additional votes which
depend on financial contributions to the organization. The President of the
World Bank is nominated by the President of the United States and elected by
the Bank's Board of Governors.[2] As of April 26, 2010 the United States held
15.85% of total votes, Japan 6.84%, China 4%, Germany 4%, France 3.75%, United
Kingdom 3.75% and India 2.91%. As changes to the Bank's Charter require an 85%
super-majority, the US can block any major change in the Bank's governing
structure.[3]
[edit] World Bank Group agencies
The World Bank Group consists of
the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), established
in 1945, which provides debt financing on the basis of sovereign guarantees;
the International Finance Corporation (IFC), established in 1956, which
provides various forms of financing without sovereign guarantees, primarily to
the private sector;
the International Development Association (IDA), established in 1960, which
provides concessional financing (interest-free loans or grants), usually with
sovereign guarantees;
the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID),
established in 1966, which works with governments to reduce investment risk;
the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), established in 1988,
which provides insurance against certain types of risk, including political
risk, aw primarily to the private sector.
The IBRD has 185 member governments, and the other institutions have between
140 and 176 members. The institutions of the World Bank Group are all run by a
Board of Governors meeting once a year.[2] Each member country appoints a
governor, generally its Minister of Finance. On a daily basis the World Bank
Group is run by a Board of 24 Executive Directors to whom the governors have
delegated certain powers. Each Director represents either one country (for the
largest countries), or a group of countries. Executive Directors are appointed
by their respective governments or the constituencies. [2] The agencies of the
World Bank are each governed by their Articles of Agreement that serve as the
legal and institutional foundation for all of their work.[2] The Bank also
serves as one of several Implementing Agencies for the United Nations Global
Environment Facility (GEF).as per provision world bank donates loan at higher
rate.
[edit] Presidency
Traditionally, the Bank President has always been a U.S. citizen nominated by
the President of the United States, the largest shareholder in the bank. The
nominee is subject to confirmation by the Board of Governors, to serve for a
five-year, renewable term.[2]
[edit] Current President
Current President Robert ZoellickOn May 30, 2007, US President George W. Bush
nominated former deputy secretary of state Robert Zoellick to succeed Paul
Wolfowitz as President of the World Bank Group. The Executive Directors
unanimously approved Zoellick, effective July 1, 2007, as the 11th President of
the Bank for a five-year term.[4] Robert Zoellick is the former Deputy
Secretary of the U.S. State Department and the former Chairman of Goldman
Sachs' Board of International Advisors. He graduated magna cum laude from
Harvard Law School and Phi Beta Kappa from Swarthmore College.[5]
Zoellick announced in October, 2007 that his priorities for the World Bank
included increasing efforts to reduce poverty in the world's poorest countries,
increasing support for neglected Arab countries, increasing support for
countries emerging from violent conflicts, addressing poverty in "emerging"
economies like India and China, increasing emphasis on environmental issues
(especially global warming), and improving access to treatments for HIV and
malaria. [1] [2]
[edit] List of presidents
Eugene Meyer (June 1946–December 1946)
John J. McCloy (March 1947–June 1949)
Eugene R. Black, Sr. (1949–1963)
George D. Woods (January 1963–March 1968)
Robert McNamara (April 1968–June 1981)
Alden W. Clausen (July 1981–June 1986)
Barber Conable (July 1986–August 1991)
Lewis T. Preston (September 1991–May 1995)
James Wolfensohn (May 1995–June 2005)
Paul Wolfowitz (1 June 2005–June 2007)
Robert Zoellick (1 July 2007–Present)
[edit] List of chief economists
Main article: World Bank Chief Economist
Nicholas SternHollis B. Chenery (1972–1982)
Anne Osborn Krueger (1982–1986)
Stanley Fischer (1988–1990)
Lawrence Summers (1991–1993)
Michael Bruno (1993–1996)
Joseph E. Stiglitz (1997–2000)
Nicholas Stern (2000–2003)
François Bourguignon (2003–2007)
Justin Yifu Lin (June 2008– )
[edit] List of World Bank Directors-General of Evaluation
Main article: World Bank Director-General Evaluation
Christopher Willoughby, Successively Unit Chief, Division Chief, and
Department Director for Operations Evaluation (1970–1976)
Mervyn L. Weiner, First Director-General, Operations Evaluation (1975–1984)
Yves Rovani, Director-General, Operations Evaluation (1986–1992)
Robert Picciotto, Director-General, Operations Evaluation (1992–2002)
Gregory K. Ingram, Director-General, Operations Evaluation (2002–2005)
Vinod Thomas Director-General, Evaluation (2005–present)
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