Hi Ratzel,
Thanks for your answer again. I am doing a pure electrical vehicle 
simulation, the torque applied to the vehicle is constant when the electric 
motor start.  The process of constant torque will maintain for a time. 
Can it be concluded that the pacejka model has a different integrator from 
other tire models if it is due to the integrator?  Since reasonable results 
can be got from pacejka tire model.

在2022年8月22日星期一 UTC+8 00:46:23<[email protected]> 写道:

> Hi Stefan,
>
> your observation is correct. Actually we know this happens only with 
> handling tires. It is better to make a test with a vehicle with a real 
> powertrain. Applying a const torque means that the accelerating power 
> increases with the speed/angular speed which is not realistic.
>
> We had some discussions about this issue, most likely it is related to 
> limits in the integrator. There is some work in progress about it, but it 
> will take a while to get a working solution.
>
>
> stefan schrieb am Sonntag, 21. August 2022 um 13:48:01 UTC+2:
>
>> Hello Ratzel,  
>>  Thanks for your replying, but I still have some questions about that. 
>> Recently I tested all the tire models in HMMWV vehicle with the conditoin 
>> that a constant motor torque was applied to the vehicle. It is true that 
>> the pacejka tire model is 
>> less robust than others, but it can give reasonable results when the 
>> simulation step size 1e-3 was given.  The pictures I attached can explain 
>> what I said(The first picture is for PAC02). The acceleration shouldn't 
>> increase with time under the constant motor torque. And I also found that 
>> acceleration was related to the vehicle speed, and acceleration was not 
>> zero when the vehicle had high speed and engine power was cut off. That is 
>> obviously wrong according to the vehicle dynamics.
>> I want to know why it happened,  and it can be described as a bug to some 
>> extent? or I miss something? 
>> And I also want to solve the problem with your guys and I am checking the 
>> codes of tire parts in chrono. I would be very appreciated if you have more 
>> advice for me.
>> Thanks again!
>> [image: PAC021MS.png][image: PAC891MS.png][image: PACEJKA1MS.png]
>> Stefan
>>
>> 在2022年8月21日星期日 UTC+8 16:28:13<[email protected]> 写道:
>>
>>> Hi Stefan,
>>>
>>> the Pacejka tire model in chrono is just outdated. While it is nearly 
>>> feature complete, it lacks stability. Another problem is the data input 
>>> routines. It pretends to read tiem orbit files (Adams/Car), but expects the 
>>> data entries to be in a certain order. It is very likely that nonsense 
>>> input is read from a valid Adams/Car tire file, as long as you don't 
>>> reorder the data lines, I guess nobody is eager to do that.
>>>
>>> If you want to use a Pacejka tire model in chrono, use Pac02. Pac02 
>>> hasn't all features possible, but it works and doesn't crash chrono vehicle 
>>> simulations. For a benchmark project we needed a Pacejka89 (Adams/Car) 
>>> model. This model has a very clear implementation structure, this structure 
>>> was the also taken for Pac02. The slip definitons differ of course, as do 
>>> the formulae.
>>>
>>> Pac02 and Pac89 are comparable in simulation accuracy. Pac02 can be 
>>> easily rescaled to different tire load levels due to its skaling factors, 
>>> so it is more flexible to use.
>>>
>>> stefan schrieb am Dienstag, 16. August 2022 um 10:43:57 UTC+2:
>>>
>>>> Hello,
>>>>
>>>> The pacjka tire models expressed in the manual 
>>>> <https://api.projectchrono.org/wheeled_tire.html>  are Pac89 and 
>>>> Pac02,  But I found pacjak tire model in HMMWV vehicle, and the simulation 
>>>> results derived from Pac02  and Pacjka model are obviously different, I 
>>>> don't know which model is better for vehicle simulation and which derived 
>>>> simulation result is closer to the real one. Otherwise, could you tell me 
>>>> the difference between Pacjka model and Pac02 model from the 
>>>> implementation 
>>>> principle.
>>>>
>>>

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