Some clarifications and corrections to the answers posted in reply to the 
original question:

You will not find anywhere in Chrono or Chrono::Vehicle equations that you 
might see in “Vehicle dynamics” textbooks.  This is because vehicles in 
Chrono::Vehicle are modeled as full multibody systems, with the dynamics of the 
vehicle system emerging from solving the equations of motion for the entire 
constrained multibody system.

In particular, for tracked vehicles, every track shoe body (and connector 
bodies, depending on the track topology) is modeled as a rigid body connected 
with kinematic joints or bushings to the neighboring track shoes.  Similarly, 
the vehicle chassis, suspension components, road wheels, sprockets, etc. are 
all modeled as 3D rigid bodies with the appropriate joint and/or bushing 
connections (as dictated by the particular vehicle template).

Vehicle models in Chrono::Vehicle, including tracked vehicles, rely on the 
underlying contact support in Chrono for all contacts, both internal (e.g., 
between road wheels and track shoes, or sprocket and track shoes) and external 
(e.g., contacts between track shoes and terrain).  That can be either of the 
contact formulations supported in Chrono, namely smooth contact (also known as 
“penalty”, or “soft body” contact) or non-smooth contact (also known as 
“complementarity” or “rigid body” contact).

Finally, collision detection for vehicle models (including tracked vehicles) 
also relies on the general-purpose collision detection libraries in Chrono 
(either the Bullet-based one or the custom multi-core collision detection).  
The only exception here is for the collision detection between sprockets and 
track shoes where we use a custom (2D) line-line collision detection.

--Radu

From: 'JINGQUAN WANG' via ProjectChrono <[email protected]>
Sent: Wednesday, July 31, 2024 9:15 PM
To: ProjectChrono <[email protected]>
Subject: [chrono] Re: How to find and modify the dynamics formula

Hi,

You can find concrete Python vehicle demos in our GitHub repository under the 
[PyChrono projects vehicle 
folder](https://github.com/projectchrono/pychrono-projects<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/github.com/projectchrono/pychrono-projects__;!!Mak6IKo!P8dOflYKI4VqfKBamqPK6B9K4Yq6nyWvzj9NM4-Lvbl5mDvkJS9turaCt2YtGEtlm9PVBDnugr2t74jCpOH8HyUMoqY$>).
 For C++ demos, please refer to the [Chrono vehicle 
directory](https://github.com/projectchrono/chrono/tree/main/src/chrono_vehicle<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/github.com/projectchrono/chrono/tree/main/src/chrono_vehicle__;!!Mak6IKo!P8dOflYKI4VqfKBamqPK6B9K4Yq6nyWvzj9NM4-Lvbl5mDvkJS9turaCt2YtGEtlm9PVBDnugr2t74jCpOH8P0UZWN4$>).
 Additionally, specific vehicle dynamics formulas are available in the C++ 
codes, including the 
[powertrain](https://github.com/projectchrono/chrono/tree/main/src/chrono_vehicle/powertrain<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/github.com/projectchrono/chrono/tree/main/src/chrono_vehicle/powertrain__;!!Mak6IKo!P8dOflYKI4VqfKBamqPK6B9K4Yq6nyWvzj9NM4-Lvbl5mDvkJS9turaCt2YtGEtlm9PVBDnugr2t74jCpOH8aoldimg$>),
 [terrain 
dynamics](https://github.com/projectchrono/chrono/tree/main/src/chrono_vehicle/terrain<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/github.com/projectchrono/chrono/tree/main/src/chrono_vehicle/terrain__;!!Mak6IKo!P8dOflYKI4VqfKBamqPK6B9K4Yq6nyWvzj9NM4-Lvbl5mDvkJS9turaCt2YtGEtlm9PVBDnugr2t74jCpOH8RvJp6RU$>),
 and [tracked vehicles 
dynamics](https://github.com/projectchrono/chrono/tree/main/src/chrono_vehicle/tracked_vehicle<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/github.com/projectchrono/chrono/tree/main/src/chrono_vehicle/tracked_vehicle__;!!Mak6IKo!P8dOflYKI4VqfKBamqPK6B9K4Yq6nyWvzj9NM4-Lvbl5mDvkJS9turaCt2YtGEtlm9PVBDnugr2t74jCpOH8jR49wHo$>).

Best regards,
Jingquan
On Wednesday, July 31, 2024 at 1:37:05 PM UTC-5 
[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> wrote:

Dear project manager, my research direction is tracked vehicle dynamics 
control, and I want to use chrono to do simulation. If I want to change or view 
the dynamics formula in chrono, such as modifying the ground contact formula 
and the vehicle dynamics formula, where should I check and modify? I haven't 
found any dynamics formulas in the code, are these packaged? Looking forward to 
answer, thank you very much!
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