Gua nanya bulan dan bintang ada di langit yg mana, si tawang ga berani jawab.
Quran itu bilang ada 7 langit dan bumi sama banyaknya yg berarti ada 7 bumi, bukannya bilang bumi terdiri dr 7 lapisan. Masalahnya, si tawang ini ga punya kemampuan unt ngejelaskan kutipan yg diberikannya, bisanya cuma copas. On 7/2/13, Tawangalun <tawanga...@yahoo.com> wrote: > > Ha ha bumipun ada 7 lapisan juga podo dg Kitab saya. > > Paulus Anak Wedus. > The Layer of Earth [hor_green_bar1.jpg] > [The interior of the Earth - copyright Calvin J. Hamilton] What is the > use of locating seismic discontinuities? Locating these disturbances > enable scientists to map the inner regions of the Earth. This science, > known as tomography originates from the knowledge gained from > discontinuities. > > Tomographists have found that this planet is divided into six regions: > the inner core, the outer core, the lower mantle, the upper mantle, the > transition region, and the crust (oceanic and continental). > > Here is a brief synopsis of the depths of each layer (in kilometers): > > > 1. 0- 40 Crust > 2. 40- 400 Upper mantle > 3. 400- 650 Transition region > 4. 650-2700 Lower mantle > 5. 2700-2890 D'' layer > 6. 2890-5150 Outer core > 7. 5150-6378 Inner core > > > > [The Interior of the Earth - copyright Calvin J. Hamilton] The inner > core is a solid section of the Earth and is unattached to the mantle, > being suspended by the molten outer core. This solidified state is the > result of a very intense pressure-freezing process that occurs in most > liquids when temperature decreases or pressure increases. The outer > core of Earth is a scorching hot, electrically conductive liquid in > which convection takes place. This inner layer in mutual combination > with the rotational motion of the Earth creates a dynamo effect where a > force ield of electrical currents is generated. This field is also > known as Earth's magnetic field, which is responsible for the > functioning of mechanical and biological compasses. This field also > causes a subtle jerking motion in the Earth's daily rotation. In terms > of the physical aspects of the outer core, the layer is dense, but not > as dense as pure molten iron, evidencing the presence of multiple > impurities having a lighter chemical makeup. According to scientists, > about 10% of this layer is composed of sulfur and/or oxygen due to the > fact that these two elements are abundant in the cosmos and dissolve > readily in molten iron. > > [Crustal Plate Boudaries] > > 1. The outer core is in the range of 200 to 300 kilometers (125 to > 188 miles) thick and represents about 4% of the mantle-crust mass. This > layer is sometimes identified as part of the lower mantle due to its > geographical nature. However, studies on seismic discontinuities > suggest that this "D" layer might differ chemically rom the lower > mantle lying above it. > > > 2. Looking at the lower mantle, its chemical omposition includes > silicon, magnesium, and oxygen. Most likely, it probably also contains > some iron, calcium, and aluminum. This layer is comprised of 72.9% of > the antle-crust mass, making the Earth abundant in the chemical > elements of silicon, magnesium and oxygen, the layer's primary > components. > > > [A View of Saudi Arabia - courtesy NASA] 3. 3. Higher up, we > encounter the upper mantle. Through excavations in volcanoes, > scientists have found that this part of the crust composes of 15.3% of > the total mantle-crust mass and is made of crystalline forms of Olivine > (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 and pyroxene (Mg,Fe)SiO3. The upper mantle makes up 10.3% > of the Earth's mass, extending a depth of 6-250 miles (10-400 > kilometers). A relatively large portion when compared to the other > interior layers. This layer is not completely made of solid minerals > for scientists speculate that the asthenosphere could be partly liquid > molten. > > > 4. D: The D" layer of Earth is about 3% of Earth's mass, is 125 to > 188 miles (200 to 300 kilometers) thick and covers about 4% of the > mantle-crust mass. This layer, in terms of whether it is part of the > lower mantle or an independent layer is still somewhat unclear. Based > on evidence collected from seismic discontinuities, the D" layer might > differ in chemical composition from the lower mantle above it. > > > 5. The next layer, the Transition region comprises 7.5% of Earth's > mass with a depth of 250-406 miles (400-650 kilometers). This layer is > also known as the mesosphere and is 11.1% of the mantle-crust. It is > made of mainly basaltic magmas with amounts of calcium, aluminum and > garnet (an aluminum-bearing silicate mineral). The layer becomes dense > when the garnet mineral cools but is buoyant and light when subject to > heat due to the low melting points. > > > [Earth] 6. The outer most layer, the crust, is categorized into two > parts, the Oceanic crust and the continental crust. The Oceanic crust is > the smallest part of Earth, only 0.099% of its mass and reaching a > small depth of 0-6 miles (0-10 kilometers). In the beginning of time, > it was possible that this area did not exist for through frequent > volcanic activity does only the crust form. Evidence of this is marked > by the oceanic ridge system, which is a 25,000 mile (40,000-kilometer) > array of many volcanoes which creates layer after layer of new crust at > the rate of 17 km3 per year. The ocean floor is covered in basalt > originating from volcanic activity and as a matter of fact, Iceland and > Hawaii are two island systems that emerged from the accumulated basalt. > > > 7. Continental crust: The second smallest area of the Earth is the > Continental crust, making up only 0.374% of the Earth's mass and > extending a short depth of 0 - 31 miles (0-50 kilometers). Looking at > the percent by composition, the continental crust makes up only 0.554% > of the mantle-crust mass. The layer is composed primarily of > crystalline rocks made of low-density buoyant minerals dominated mostly > by quartz (SiO2) and feldspars (metal-poor silicates). This is the > outer part of the Earth composed essentially of crystalline rocks. The > continental crust and the oceanic crust are also referred to as the > lithosphere because of the cool and rocky conditions that exist in its > chemical composition. > > > > > > > [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] > > ------------------------------------ Post message: prole...@egroups.com Subscribe : proletar-subscr...@egroups.com Unsubscribe : proletar-unsubscr...@egroups.com List owner : proletar-ow...@egroups.com Homepage : http://proletar.8m.com/Yahoo! Groups Links <*> To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/proletar/ <*> Your email settings: Individual Email | Traditional <*> To change settings online go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/proletar/join (Yahoo! ID required) <*> To change settings via email: proletar-dig...@yahoogroups.com proletar-fullfeatu...@yahoogroups.com <*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: proletar-unsubscr...@yahoogroups.com <*> Your use of Yahoo! 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