Saya cuma mau menggaris bawahi alinea ini saja:
"The Qur'an is also called al-Furqan. According to Dr. Sobhy
as-Salih, this word is also not Arabic but Aramaic (ibid, p. 20).
The Qur'an was also called Mushaf meaning "sheets or leaves".
According to Dr. Salih, "when the Qur'an was collected and
written on paper they wanted to give it A NAME. The word, Sifr,
was suggested by some. It was rejected on the grounds that this
is what the Jews call their books. Some suggested the word Mushaf
because this is what the Ethiopian [Christians] call their holy
books." (ibid, p. 78) "
Jadi,al-Quran itu juga, disamping nama-nama lain, disebut
al-Mushaf...
Seperti yang saya katakan dan disalahkan oleh cahyo_prihartono
yang dungu kayak anjing,bebaldantukang muter-muter itu
---------.
QUR'AN
QURAN
KORAN
CORAN
In Syraic (= Christian Aramaic) qeryaanaa: scriptural reading. Occurs 66
times in the Qur'an. See also ARABIC, WORD OF GOD.
Etymology of the word "Qur'an"
According to Dr. Sobhy as-Salih, this word is not Arabic but Aramaic. He
said: "Allah chose to His revelation new names different from those used
by the Arabs, in general and in detail." (Sobhy as-Salih, Mabahith fi 'Ulum
al-Qur'an, Dar al-'Ilm lel-Malayeen, Beirut, 1983, p. 17) He also said,
"When the Arabs before Islam used the word (qara') it meant 'to be
pregnant or to have a child'. But the word qara' as 'to recite' is of an
Aramaic origin." (ibid, p. 19). [Aside: If the latter is true, then those
Muslims who try to show that Muhmmad was illiterate will find this funny.
Of course, when Gabriel told him to "be pregnant or have a child," it must
be he cannot, a perfectly logical and correct answer!]
Further reference for this etymological derivation (in German): Christoph
Luxenberg, Die syro-aramäische Lesart des Koran: ein Beitrag zur
Entschlüsselung der Koransprache, Berlin 2000 (ISBN 3-86093-274-8).
Luxenberg gives the complete etymology of qur'aan from qeryaanaa in
detailed steps.
The Qur'an is also called al-Furqan. According to Dr. Sobhy as-Salih, this
word is also not Arabic but Aramaic (ibid, p. 20). The Qur'an was also
called Mushaf meaning "sheets or leaves". According to Dr. Salih, "when
the Qur'an was collected and written on paper they wanted to give it A
NAME. The word, Sifr, was suggested by some. It was rejected on the
grounds that this is what the Jews call their books. Some suggested the
word Mushaf because this is what the Ethiopian [Christians] call their holy
books." (ibid, p. 78)
It seems strange that for all the titles of the Qur'an, none of them were
actually Arabic, especially when the Qur'an says that Allah sent it down in
Arabic (Yusuf 12:2; ar-Ra`d 13:37; an-Nahl 16:103; ash-Shu`ara' 26:195;
az-Zumar 39:28; Ha Mim Sajdah 41:3; ash-Shura 42:7; az-Zukhruf 43:3; al-
Ahqaf 46:12).
The Qur'an was not written down in full, but revealed piecemeal over the
period of 22 years.
The Message of the Qur'an
Recommendation: A Topical Study of the Qur'an
Summary of Qur'an details
Some surahs have alternative names. They are given in a new line [and in
brackets]. However, the list of alternative names is not complete yet.
s/no name English Names #verses place chronological order
1 Al-Fatihah The Opening 7 Mecca 5
2 Al-Baqarah The Cow 286 Madina 87
3 Âl 'Imran The Family of 'Imran 200 Madina 89
4 An-Nisa' Women 176 Madina 92
5 Al-Ma'idah The Table 120 Madina 112
6 Al-An`am The Cattle 165 Mecca 55
7 Al-A`raf The Elevated Places 206 Mecca 39
8 Al-Anfal The Spoils of War 75 Madina 88
9 At-Taubah Repentance 129 Madina 113
[Bara'ah] [Immunity / Disavowal]
10 Yunus Jonah 109 Mecca 51
11 Hud Hud 123 Mecca 52
12 Yusuf Joseph 111 Mecca 53
13 Al-Ra`d The Thunder 43 Madina 96
14 Ibrahim Abraham 52 Mecca 72
15 Al-Hijr The Rock 99 Mecca 54
16 An-Nahl The Bee 128 Mecca 70
17 Bani Isra'il The Israelites 111 Mecca 50
18 Al-Kahf The Cave 110 Mecca 69
19 Maryam Mary 98 Mecca 44
20 Ta Ha Ta Ha 135 Mecca 45
21 Al-Anbiya' The Prophets 112 Mecca 73
22 Al-Hajj The Pilgrimage 78 Madina 103
23 Al-Mu'minun The Believers 118 Mecca 74
24 An-Nur The Light 64 Madina 102
25 Al-Furqan The Criterion 77 Mecca 42
26 Ash-Shu`ara' The Poets 227 Mecca 47
27 An-Naml The Ant 93 Mecca 48
28 Al-Qasas The Narrative 88 Mecca 49
29 Al-`Ankabut The Spider 69 Mecca 85
30 Ar-Rum The Romans 60 Mecca 84
31 Luqman Lukman 34 Mecca 57
32 As-Sajdah The Adoration 30 Mecca 75
33 Al-Ahzab The Allies 73 Madina 90
34 Saba' Sheba 54 Mecca 58
35 Fatir The Creator 45 Mecca 43
36 Ya Sin Ya Sin 83 Mecca 41
37 As-Saffat The Rangers 182 Mecca 56
38 Sad Sad 88 Mecca 38
39 Az-Zumar The Companies 75 Mecca 59
40 Al-Mu'min The Forgiving One 85 Mecca 60
41 Ha Min Sajdah Revelations Well Expounded 54 Mecca 61
42 Ash-Shura The Counsel 53 Mecca 62
43 Az-Zukhruf The Embellishment 89 Mecca 63
44 Ad-Dukhan The Evident Smoke 59 Mecca 64
45 Al-Jathiyah The Kneeling 37 Mecca 65
46 Al-Ahgaf The Sandhills 35 Mecca 66
47 Muhammad Muhammad 38 Madina 95
[Al-Qital] [War / Fighting]
48 Al-Fath The Victory 29 Madina 111
49 Al-Hujurat The Chambers 18 Madina 106
50 Qaf Qaf 45 Mecca 34
51 Adh-Dhariyat The Scatterers 60 Mecca 67
52 At-Tur The Mountain 49 Mecca 76
53 An-Najm The Star 62 Mecca 23
54 Al-Qamr The Moon 55 Mecca 37
55 Ar-Rahman The Merciful 78 Madina 97
56 Al-Waqi`ah That Which is Coming 96 Mecca 46
57 Al-Hadid The Iron 29 Madina 94
58 Al-Mujadilah She Who Pleaded 22 Madina 105
59 Al-Hashr The Exile 24 Madina 101
60 Al-Mumtahanah She Who is Tested 13 Madina 91
61 As-Saff The Ranks 14 Madina 109
62 Al-Jum`ah The Day of Congregation 11 Madina 110
63 Al-Munafiqun The Hypocrites 11 Madina 104
64 At-Taghabun The Cheating 18 Madina 108
65 At-Talaq The Divorce 12 Madina 99
66 At-Tahrim The Prohibition 12 Madina 107
67 Al-Mulk The Kingdom 30 Mecca 77
68 Al-Qalam The Pen 52 Mecca 2
69 Al-Haqqah The Inevitable 52 Mecca 78
70 Al-Ma`arij The Ladders 44 Mecca 79
71 Nuh Noah 28 Mecca 71
72 Al-Jinn The Jinn 28 Mecca 40
73 Al-Muzammil The Mantled One 20 Mecca 3
74 Al-Mudathir The Clothed One 56 Mecca 4
75 Al-Qiyamah The Resurrection 40 Mecca 31
76 Ad-Dahr The Man 31 Madina 98
77 Al-Mursalat The Emissaries 50 Mecca 33
78 An-Naba' The Tidings 40 Mecca 80
79 An-Naziat Those Who Pulled Out 46 Mecca 81
80 `Abasa He Frowned 42 Mecca 24
81 At-Takwir The Cessation 29 Mecca 7
82 Al-Infitar The Cleaving Asunder 19 Mecca 82
83 At-Tatfif The Defrauders 36 Mecca 86
84 Al-Inshiqaq The Rending 25 Mecca 83
85 Al-Buruj The Constellations 22 Mecca 27
86 At-Tariq The Night-Comer 17 Mecca 36
87 Al-A`la The Most High 19 Mecca 8
88 Al-Ghashiyah The Overwhelming Calamity 26 Mecca 68
89 Al-Fajr The Dawn 30 Mecca 10
90 Al-Balad The City 20 Mecca 35
91 Ash-Shams The Sun 15 Mecca 26
92 Al-Layl The Night 21 Mecca 9
93 Ad-Duha The Early Hours 11 Mecca 11
94 Al-Inshirah The Expansion 8 Mecca 12
95 At-Tin The Fig 8 Mecca 28
96 Al-`Alaq The Clot 19 Mecca 1
97 Al-Qadr The Majesty 5 Mecca 25
98 Al-Bayyinah The Proof 8 Madina 100
99 Al-Zilzal The Shaking 8 Madina 93
100 Al-`Adiyat The Assaulters 11 Mecca 14
101 Al-Qari`ah The Terrible Calamity 11 Mecca 30
102 At-Takathur Worldly Gain 8 Mecca 16
103 Al-`Asr Time 3 Mecca 13
104 Al-Humazah The Slanderer 9 Mecca 32
105 Al-Fil The Elephant 5 Mecca 19
106 Al-Quraysh The Quraish 4 Mecca 29
107 Al-Ma'un The Daily Necessaries 7 Mecca 17
108 Al-Kauthar Abundance 3 Mecca 15
109 Al-Kafirun The Unbelievers 6 Mecca 18
110 An-Nasr The Help 3 Madina 114
111 Al-Lahab The Fame 5 Mecca 6
112 Al-Ikhlas Purity (of Faith) 4 Mecca 22
[At-Tauhid] [Unity]
113 Al-Falaq The Daybreak 5 Mecca 20
114 An-Nas The Men 6 Mecca 21
A detailed discussion on the chronology of the suras (or parts of suras) is
found in The Historical Development of the Qur'an by Rev. Canon Sell,
which also gives a table with three proposed chronologies.
Notes:
Traditionally, the first BISMILLAH before Sura Fatiha is counted as a
verse, all other "Bismillahs" are treated as headings for various suras and
therefore not counted as verses.
Sura 9 does not commence with the Bismillah.
The verse numbers in translations may not always tally since some
translations split some of the verses. Some editions, particularly on the
Indian subcontinent, count the Bismillahs in all suras as full verses (verse
1) which shifts all others by one.
Surahs are classified into Meccan or Madinan, i.e., according to where it
was supposed to be revealed. No. of Meccan Suras = 86; No. of Madinan
Suras = 28. Total = 114
Total No. of Verses 6236 (in the standard verse division system)
Challenge from the Qur'an
The Qur'an issued a challenge to unbelievers to produce a sura like it
(bani Isra'il 17:88). The implication is that if others cannot produce a sura
like it, then the Qur'an is true. However, this challenge of the Qur'an to
anyone to produce a verse like it is in strange land. Muslims have often
said that it refers to the eloquence and beauty of the verses.
Unfortunately, however, there is no objective criteria by which one can
judge this
. Interestingly enough, no Muslim has ever put up an objective criteria by
which to judge such a co
ntest. Secondly, there is no concensus as to who will be the judge of such a
contest. In other word
s, there are no rules a
nd no judge. At the same time, there are others who have pointed out
grammatical errors in the Qur'
an. Some Muslims responded that the Qur'an is the final arbitar of correct
Arabic, and if the gramm
ar books do not conform
to the Qur'an, then the grammer books have to be changed. But clearly, that is
not acceptable, for
the Qur'an was supposedly revealed in the midst of a people who were masters
of eloquence and poet
ry, and the challenge w
as issued to them. (Do we not remember that Muhammad originally thought that he
was becoming one of
the poets after the first revelation (see Muhammad))?
see here for more details.
Codices of the Qur'an
three other codices were in existence before the official Uthmanic codex
compiled by Zaid ibn Thabi
t, the more famous ones being Ubayy b. Ka'ab, Abdullah ibn Mas'ud and Abu Musa.
Some allege even mo
re. These codices had s
ome significant variants with the Uthmanic codex. see The Collection of the
Qur'an - from the Hadit
hs for more details from the hadiths.
see "Material for the history of the text of the Qur'an: the old codices: the
Kitab al-masahif of I
bn Abu Dawud together with a collection of the variant readings of the codices
of Ibn Ma'sud, Ubai,
'Ali, Ibn 'Abbas, Anas
, Abu Musa and other Qur'anic authorities which present a type of text anterior
to that of the cano
nical text of 'Uthman," by Arthur Jeffery, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1937.
Collection of the Qur'an
see The Collection of the Qur'an - from the Hadiths and Uthman.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
attests to book of Moses, al-Baqarah 2:89; al-Ahqaf 46:11-12,30
attests to previous books, al-Baqarah 2:91,136; Âl 'Imran 3:1-4,84; an-Nisa'
4:47,136; al-Ma'idah 5
:48; al-An`am 6:93; Yunus 10:38,95; al-Fatir 35:31; Ha Mim Sajdah 41:43 see
also al-An`am 6:116; Yu
nus 10:65; al-Kahf 18:2
8
bestowed on a blessed night, ad-Dukhan 44:3; al-Qadr
cannot change God's words, al-An`am 6:34,115; Yunus 10:65, see also protected
by God
clear or obscure?
clear ordinances, an-Nahl 16:89; al-Bayyinah 98:3
conveyed clearly, al-Ma'idah 5:16; Yunus 10:15
detailed explanation of everything, Yusuf 12:111
easy to understand, ad-Dukhan 44:58
al-Ghazali, the famous theologian who successfully put Sufiism with the realms
of Muslim orthodoxy,
said that the number of clear verses is 500, a mere 8% of the Qur'an!
expostion of that which is decreed for mankind, Yunus 10:37
fully explained, al-An`am 6:114
There are many obscure passages in the Qur'an, that this verse cannot be
referring to the whole Qur
'an. This verse actually say that the Jews and Christians know that it is
revealed in truth!
some verses direct, some allegorical, Âl 'Imran 3:7
completion of, al-Ma'idah 5:3
communicated by clear voice,
"Of all the divine books the Koran is the only one of which the text, words and
phrases have been c
ommunicated to the prophet by an audible voice." (Ibn Khalkan, as quoted in
Encyclopaedia of Religi
on and Ethics, Vol 7, p
.335, quoted by Abdul-Haqq p.58)
It seems that ibn Khalkan ignored that God spoke to Moses directly. This
distinction from previous
revelations, however, make it difficult for the Muslim to push that it is the
same as previous reve
lations.
confirmation of that which is before, Yunus 10:37; Yusuf 12:111
contains all manners of similitudes, al-Kahf 18:54; az-Zumar 39:27
contemporaries' comments: a poet possessed (As-Saffat 37:36), tales of ancients
dictated to Muhamma
d (Al-Furqan 25:5), magic derived from old and nothing but a word of a mortal
(Al-Mudathir 74:24,25
)
custodian of previous Scripture, al-Ma'idah 5:48
distortion of, al-Ma'idah 5:41
divine nature of, Yunus 10:37
don't approach it in haste, Ta Ha 20:114
encouraged to learn the Qur'an and teach it "The best of you are those who
learn the Qur'an and tea
ch it to others." (Sahih Bukhari)
essence found in earlier revelation, ash-Shu`ara' 26:196
full of wisdom, Ya Sin 36:2
gathered by God, al-Qiyamah 75:17
guidance to humans, al-Baqarah 2:185; Yusuf 12:111
incompleteness of or variants,
missing verses of
variants, see seven recensions of Qur'an and Variants of Qur'an According to
Ubayy b. Kab, one of t
he secretaries of Muhammad, sura as-Saff 61:6 reads: "O children of Israel, I
am God's messenger to
you, and I announce to
you a prophet whose community will be the last community and by which God will
put the seal on the
prophets and messengers." where "Ahmad" is not mentioned.
invisible barrier during recitation, bani Isra'il 17:45
is not Muhammad's sayings, an-Najm 53:3; al-Haqqah 69:44
is the hadith,
This is an argument of the "Qur'an-only" party. They argue based on al-A`raf
7:185; Yunus 10:36; Lu
qman 31:6; az-Zumar 39:23,29; al-Jathiyah 45:6; at-Tur 52:34; al-Qalam 68:44;
al-Mursalat 77:50.
neglected nothing, al-An`am 6:38
night most fitting for lucid reflections upon, al-Muzammil 73:2-6
not from a satanic force, at-Takwir 81:25
not poetry, Ya Sin 36:69; al-Haqqah 69:41
on stoning, see Adultery.
Muslim in the seventh part of his Sahih (commentary of An-Nawawi) in the book
of Al-Zakat about the
virtue of being satisfied with whatever God gives and about urging people to
have that virtue, pag
es 139-40, reported tha
t Abu Al-Aswad reported that his father said: Abu Musa Al-Ashari invited the
Qur'an readers of Basr
a. Three hundred readers responded to his invitation. He told them: You are the
readers and the cho
ice of the people of Ba
sra. Recite the Qur'an and do not neglect it. Otherwise, a long time may elapse
and your hearts wil
l be hardened as the heartsw of those who came before you were hardened.
We used to read a chapter from the Qu'ran similar to Bara'ah in length (about
130 verses) and serio
usness, but I forgot it. I can remember from that chapter only the following
words:
"Should a son of Adam own two valleys full of wealth, he would seek a third
valley, and nothing wou
ld fill Ibn Adam's abdomen but the soil."
We used to read a chapter similar to the Musabihat and I forgot it. I only
remember the following:
"Oh you who believe, why do you say what you do not do? Thus, a testimony will
be written on your n
ecks and you will be questioned about it on the day of judgement."
Muslim also reported in the book Al-Ridhaa (book of nursing), part 10, page 29,
that Ayeshah [repor
tedly] said the following: There was in what was revealed in the Qur'an that
ten times of nursing k
nown with certainty mak
es the nursing woman a mother of a nursed child. This number of nursings would
make the woman "hara
m" (forbidden) to the child.
Muhammad died while these words were recorded and read in the Qur'an.
Umar reportedly said that Chap 33 is incomplete
Al-Muttaqi Ali Ibn Husam Ad-Deen, in his book "Mukhtasar Kanz al-Ummal,"
(printed on the margin of
Imam Ahmad's Musnad, part two, page two), in his hadith about chapter 33, said
that Ibn Murdawayh r
eported that Huthaifah
said: Umar said to me "How many verses are contained in the chapter of
Al-Ahzab?" I said, "72 or 73
verses." He said it was almost as long as the chapter of the Cow, which
contains 287 verses, and i
n it was the verse of s
toning.
Al-Hakim An-Nisaboori in his book "Al-Mustadrak" in the book of commentary on
the Qur'an, part two,
page 224, reported that Ubayy Ibn Kaab (whom the Prophet called the leader of
Al-ansar), said that
the Messenger of God s
aid to him: Certainly the Almighty commanded me to read the Qur'an in front of
you, and he read "Th
e unbelievers from the people of the Book and the pagans will not change their
way until they see t
he evidence. Those who
disbelieve among the people of the scripture and the idolators could not change
until the clear pro
of came unto them. A Messenger from Allah, reading purified pages..." And of
the very excellent par
t of it "Should Ibn Ada
m ask for a valley full of wealth and I grant it to him, he would ask for
another valley. And if I
grant him that, he would ask for a third valley. Nothing would fill the abdomen
of Ibn Adam except
the soil. God accepts t
he repentance of anyone who repents. The religion in the eyes of God is the
Hanafiyah (Islam) rathe
r than Yahudiyya (Judaism) or Nasraniya (Christianity). Whoever does good, his
goodness will not be
denied.
perfected in truth and justice, al-An`am 6:115
problems within the Qur'an. Taken from Chad VanDixhoorn, Islam and Orthodoxy: A
Critique of Muslim
Apologetics, unpublished article, Huron College, London, Canada: 1995.
Muhammad supposed 'Imran or Amran to be the father of the Virgin Mary (Sura
[cix.] lxvi. 12) - Mary
and Elizabeth to be sisters; who, with Jesus, John, and Zacharias, make up the
family of 'Imran. I
t is difficult to avoid
the conclusion that Muhammad is guilty of the anachronism of confounding
Miriam with the Virgin Ma
ry. On the other hand is the difficulty of conceiving that as the sequence of
time and fact is obse
rved with tolerable acc
uracy in regard to the main features of Jewish and Christian History, he should
have fallen into so
serious an error, or have so inadvertently adopted, as Mr. Muir supposes, the
phraseology of his J
ewish informants (among
st whom the only well-known Mary (Miriam) was the daughter of 'Imran and the
sister of Moses) as to
have overlooked the discrepancy in their respective dates. But it is possible
that Muhammad believ
ed, as some Muslim writ
ers assert, that Miriam's soul and body were miraculously preserved till the
time of Jesus in order
to become Mary his mother. Certainly the Talmudists fabled that the Angel of
Death and the worm of
corruption had no powe
r over Miriam."
Ta Ha 20:90 records a Samaritan helping the Israelites build the golden calf.
The Samaritans only c
ame into existence after about 600 B.C. when Israel and Judah were taken into
captivity. Not the ti
me of the Exodus.
Commentators understand that Surah al-Kahf 18:89-98 refers to Alexander the
Great. The passage reco
rds that he was a devout Muslim and lived to a ripe old history records that he
was a polytheist an
d died young.
In Surah Hud 11:42-43 "Noah's (unnamed) son is said to have refused to take
refuge in the ark while
the flood waters were rising, and despite his father's plea, chose rather to
flee to a mountaintop
, from which he was swe
pt away by a wave. (Genesis 6-7 indicates that Noah had only three sons, and
that they all entered
the ark. Genesis 10 gives the line of descendants from each.")
Surah Yusuf 12:11-20 records that "Joseph did not go seeking his brother up at
Dothan (As Genesis 3
7 records), but rather the brothers, having already plotted his death,
persuaded Jacob to let him g
o with them simply for
fun and sport. Having gotten him into their power, they put him down into a
well with water in it (
rather than a dry pit). Nor was it they who sold him to the passing
merchantmen, but rather a chanc
e wayfarer who had come
to the well to draw water. He sold the boy to the merchants "for a few
dirhams" (rather than the s
ubstantial price of twenty shekels of silver, as Gen. 37:28 states.)"
Contrast Surah ash-Shu`ara 26:55-60 with Exodus 1:9 and Surah al-Baqarah 2:57,
al-Baqarah 2:61 with
Exodus and Numbers. The Quran records that "During the exodus, the Israelites
became tired of mann
a and demanded vegetabl
es from the soil. After scolding them, Moses said, Get down to Egypt, for you
shall have what you a
sked.' They proceeded to do so: And they returned with wrath from God.' Ancient
history is very cle
ar that "while disconte
nted Israelites spoke of returning to Egypt, none of them actually did so. . .
.In this connection,
it is stated v. as-Saff 61: They disbelieved the signs of God, and slew the
Prophets unjustly; thi
s, for they rebelled an
d transgressed.'" The Bible records no prophets being killed prior to Moses.
reason for, al-Jum`ah 62:2
recensions, seven, Sahih Bukhari vol. 3, book 41, no.601, Sahih Bihari vol. 6,
book 61, no. 514, Sa
hih Bihari vol. 9, book 93, no. 640
Narrated Ibn Abbas:
Allah's Apostle said, "Gabriel read the Qur'an to me in one way (i.e. dialect)
and I continued aski
ng him to read it in different ways till he read it in seven different ways."
(Sahih Bukhari 4.442,
also Sahih Bukhari 6.5
13)
Interestingly, this hadith tells us that it was not Gabriel (hence Allah) who
initiated the reading
in seven different ways, but was on Muhammad's initiative.
recite as much as you may do with ease, al-Muzammil 73:20
record of decisions of divine will.
Book of Jubilee 3:10 states that the law of purification of woman after
childbirth are written in t
he tablets in heaven. Jubilee 12:8 regard "Feast of Booths" ( Leviticus
23:40-43). Jubilee 5:13 sta
tes that the divine jud
gement on all that exists on earth is written on tablets in heaven. Book of
Enoch prophesied future
from contents of this tablet. (XCII:2, LXXXI, CIII:2, CVI:19, Also
Encyclopaedia of Islam, p.288 q
uoted by Abdul-Haqq)
religious system perfected in, al-Ma'idah 5:3
Narrated 'Umar bin Al-Khattab:
Once a Jew said to me, "O the chief of believers! There is a verse in your Holy
Book Which is read
by all of you (Muslims), and had it been revealed to us, we would have taken
that day (on which it
was revealed as a day o
f celebration." 'Umar bin Al-Khattab asked, "Which is that verse?" The Jew
replied, "This day I hav
e perfected your religion For you, completed My favor upon you, And have chosen
for you Islam as yo
ur religion." (al-Ma'id
ah 5:3) 'Umar replied, "No doubt, we know when and where this verse was
revealed to the Prophet. It
was Friday and the Prophet was standing at 'Arafat (i.e. the Day of Hajj)"
(Sahih Bukhari 1.43)
revealed but not in Qur'an (???)
Narrated Ash-Sha'bi:
Abu Juhaifa said, "I asked Ali, 'Have you got any book (which has been revealed
to the Prophet apar
t from the Qur'an)?' 'Ali replied, 'No, except Allah's Book or the power of
understanding which has
been bestowed (by Alla
h) upon a Muslim or what is (written) in this sheet of paper (with me).' Abu
Juhaifa said, "I asked
, 'What is (written) in this sheet of paper?' Ali replied, it deals with The
Diyya (compensation (b
lood money) paid by the
killer to the relatives of the victim), the ransom for the releasing of the
captives from the hand
s of the enemies, and the law that no Muslim should be killed in Qisas
(equality in punishment) for
the killing of (a disb
eliever). (Sahih Bukhari 1.111)
see The Collection of the Qur'an - from the Hadiths for more details.
revealed in Arabic, Yusuf 12:2; ar-Ra`d 13:37; an-Nahl 16:103; Ta Ha 20:113;
ash-Shu`ara' 26:195; a
z-Zumar 39:28; Ha Mim Sajdah 41:3; az-Zukhruf 43:3; ad-Dukhan 44:58
revealed in truth, al-An`am 6:14
sent forth "in waves" (gradually), al-Mursalat 77:1
source of health, bani Isra'il 17:82; Ha Mim Sajdah 41:44
standardization, see Uthman
surah mentioning war, Muhammad 47:20
transcription underway at Mecca, al-Furqan 25:5
untranslatable, see Is The Qur'an Translatable? Early Muslim Opinion
upon an imperishable tablet, al-Buruj 85:21-22.
"Rabbi Simeon ben Laqish saith, "What is it that which is written, 'And I shall
give thee tablets o
f stone, and the Law, and the commandment which I have written, that thou
mayest teach them' (Ex XX
IV:12)?"
The tablets -- these are the ten commandments; the Law, that which is read; and
the Commandments; t
his is the Mishnah, which I have written, these are the Prophets and the
Hagiographa: that thou may
est teach them, this de
notes the Gamara. This teaches that all of them were given to Moses from Sinai.
(Tract Berakhoth qu
oted in vol 5. Col. 1)
Uthmanic codex, (Ar: Mushaf Uthmani), see Uthman
Some interesting things:
Caliph Alwalid ibn Yazid, who ruled the Muslims in the year 743 A.D. said:
"Talaaba be-inoboati Hashimeon bela wahion attaho wala kitabo w" (The Islamic
Caliphate, p. 59)
which means
Muhammad the Hashemite manipulated people by his claim that he was a
prophet, without true inspiration or an inspired book.
Caliph Abd Al-Malik ibn Marwan, who was a Muslim leader and scholar of
the Qur'an, after becoming the Caliph, folded the Qur'an and said, "this is
the last time I will ever use you." (The Islamic Caliphate, p. 173)
an-Nisa' 4:82; al-Ma'idah 5:16; al-An`am 6:19; al-A`raf 7:204; at-Taubah
9:111; Yunus 10:15-16; al-Ma'idah 5:6,30,32; Hud 11:13-14; Yusuf 12:3; al-
Hijr 15:87,91; an-Nahl 16:98; bani Isra'il 17:9,41,46,60,78,88-89,106; al-
Kahf 18:54; Ta Ha 20:2; al-Furqan 25:4; an-Naml 27:1,6,76,92; al-Qasas
28:85; ar-Rum 30:58; Saba' 34:31; Sad 38:1-2; az-Zumar 39:27; Ha Mim
Sajdah 41:41; ash-Shura 42:7; az-Zukhruf 43:31; al-Ahqaf 46:12,29;
Muhammad 47:24; Qaf 50:1-2,45; al-Qamar 54:17,22,32,40; ar-Rahman
55:2; al-Waqi`ah 56:75,77; al-Hashr 59:21; al-Haqqah 69:40; al-Jinn 72:1;
al-Muzammil 73:4,20; ad-Dahr 76:23; al-Inshiqaq 84:21,
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