Prometheus doesn't have a dashboard as such.  Maybe you're thinking of 
something else like Grafana?

You configure prometheus via prometheus.yml, which uses a "service discovery 
<https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/>" 
mechanism to find out targets to scrape.  The "static" service discovery 
mechanism lists the targets within the prometheus.yml file; the "file" 
service discovery lists them in separate files; and there are others which 
may make sense depending on your environment (e.g. getting lists of targets 
from Kubernetes, from AWS, from consul etc).

How you integrate this is up to you.  For example, I use Netbox to generate 
<https://github.com/candlerb/netbox-prometheus> a file sd config for 
prometheus.

> how can we connect to target without opening port on target machine.
>

That depends on what you're talking about. 

You said you were talking about blackbox_exporter.  That means there are 
two bits of communication: prometheus to blackbox_exporter, and 
blackbox_exporter to target.  If you co-locate the blackbox_exporter with 
prometheus, you'll have to open ports for blackbox_exporter to be able to 
test the targets.  But you can always put the blackbox_exporter somewhere 
else closer to the targets, and instead open the HTTP scrape between 
prometheus and blackbox exporter.

If you're talking about node_exporter, then this sits on each node being 
monitored.  Yes, you need to open the port to allow prometheus to 
node_exporter, because prometheus is a "pull" monitoring system.  There is 
Pushprox <https://github.com/RobustPerception/PushProx> but you really 
don't want to use that unless you have no other possibility.  You can 
secure communication to node_exporter with TLS and client certificates 
(actually this will be a new feature in 1.0.0, but it's currently still on 
release 
candidate <https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases> 1.0.0-rc.0)

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