Author: Armin Rigo <ar...@tunes.org> Branch: extradoc Changeset: r528:f25b6226ae59 Date: 2014-08-20 16:52 +0200 http://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy.org/changeset/f25b6226ae59/
Log: Add the complete EP talks diff --git a/talk/ep2014-status.html b/talk/ep2014-status.html --- a/talk/ep2014-status.html +++ b/talk/ep2014-status.html @@ -368,6 +368,9 @@ EuroPython (except last year; hence the "no no, PyPy is not dead" part of the title of this talk).</p> </div> +<hr><center> +<a href="ep2014-status.pdf"><b>See the complete talk (in pdf)</b></a> +</center> </div> </body> </html> diff --git a/talk/ep2014-status.pdf b/talk/ep2014-status.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aa6078c72592f3c1704408ce9759135c24a70c28 GIT binary patch [cut] diff --git a/talk/ep2014-stm.html b/talk/ep2014-stm.html --- a/talk/ep2014-stm.html +++ b/talk/ep2014-stm.html @@ -374,6 +374,9 @@ languages like Python. I will also mention CPython: how hard (or not) it would be to change the CPython source code to use the same approach.</p> </div> +<hr><center> +<a href="ep2014-stm/talk.html"><b>See the complete talk (in html)</b></a> +</center> </div> </body> </html> diff --git a/talk/ep2014-stm/fig4.svg b/talk/ep2014-stm/fig4.svg new file mode 100644 --- /dev/null +++ b/talk/ep2014-stm/fig4.svg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?> + +<svg version="1.1" viewBox="0.0 0.0 960.0 720.0" fill="none" stroke="none" stroke-linecap="square" stroke-miterlimit="10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"; xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink";><clipPath id="p.0"><path d="m0 0l960.0 0l0 720.0l-960.0 0l0 -720.0z" clip-rule="nonzero"></path></clipPath><g clip-path="url(#p.0)"><path fill="#000000" fill-opacity="0.0" d="m0 0l960.0 0l0 720.0l-960.0 0z" fill-rule="nonzero"></path><path fill="#000000" fill-opacity="0.0" d="m57.238846 356.69815l803.2441 0" fill-rule="nonzero"></path><path 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text-align: left ; + white-space: nowrap ; + padding-left: 0 } + +/* "booktabs" style (no vertical lines) */ +table.docutils.booktabs { + border: 0px; + border-top: 2px solid; + border-bottom: 2px solid; + border-collapse: collapse; +} +table.docutils.booktabs * { + border: 0px; +} +table.docutils.booktabs th { + border-bottom: thin solid; + text-align: left; +} + +h1 tt.docutils, h2 tt.docutils, h3 tt.docutils, +h4 tt.docutils, h5 tt.docutils, h6 tt.docutils { + font-size: 100% } + +ul.auto-toc { + list-style-type: none } + +.slide li { + padding-top: 0.2em } + +</style> +<!-- configuration parameters --> +<meta name="defaultView" content="slideshow" /> +<meta name="controlVis" content="hidden" /> +<!-- style sheet links --> +<script src="ui/default/slides.js" type="text/javascript"></script> +<link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default/slides.css" + type="text/css" media="projection" id="slideProj" /> +<link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default/outline.css" + type="text/css" media="screen" id="outlineStyle" /> +<link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default/print.css" + type="text/css" media="print" id="slidePrint" /> +<link rel="stylesheet" href="ui/default/opera.css" + type="text/css" media="projection" id="operaFix" /> + +<style type="text/css"> +#currentSlide {display: none;} +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div class="layout"> +<div id="controls"></div> +<div id="currentSlide"></div> +<div id="header"> + +</div> +<div id="footer"> +<h1>Using All These Cores: Transactional Memory in PyPy</h1> + +</div> +</div> +<div class="presentation"> +<div class="slide" id="slide0"> +<h1 class="title">Using All These Cores: Transactional Memory in PyPy</h1> + +<center><p><strong>Armin Rigo - EuroPython 2014</strong></p> +</center> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="part-1-intro-and-current-status"> +<h1>Part 1 - Intro and Current Status</h1> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="introduction"> +<h1>Introduction</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>PyPy-STM: Software Transactional Memory</li> +<li>On-going research project:<ul> +<li>by Remi Meier and myself</li> +<li>helped by crowdfunding, thanks to all donors</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>Started as a EuroPython 2011 lightning talk</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="why-is-there-a-gil"> +<h1>Why is there a GIL?</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>GIL = Global Interpreter Lock</li> +<li>initially: CPython was single threaded</li> +<li>for concurrency (but not parallelism):<ul> +<li>provide concurrently running threads</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>easiest way to retrofit into interpreter:<ul> +<li>acquire GIL around the execution of bytecode instructions</li> +<li>easy for refcounting, too</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="consequences"> +<h1>Consequences (+)</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>atomic & isolated instructions:<ul> +<li>things like <tt class="docutils literal">list.append()</tt> are atomic</li> +<li>tons of websites mention this</li> +<li>latent races if Python becomes really parallel</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>sequential consistency:<ul> +<li>less surprises; "all variables volatile"</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="id1"> +<h1>Consequences (-)</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>obviously, no parallelism</li> +<li>GIL not available to application:<ul> +<li>all difficulties of concurrency still there</li> +<li>need application-level locking</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="removing-the-gil"> +<h1>Removing the GIL</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li><ol class="first arabic"> +<li>Fine-grained locking</li> +</ol> +</li> +<li><ol class="first arabic" start="2"> +<li>Shared-nothing</li> +</ol> +</li> +<li><ol class="first arabic" start="3"> +<li>Transactional memory</li> +</ol> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="fine-grained-locking"> +<h1>Fine-grained locking</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>replace GIL with locks on objs / data structures</li> +<li>accessing different objects can run in parallel</li> +<li>harder to implement:<ul> +<li>many locks -> deadlock risks</li> +<li>refcounting issue</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>overhead of lock/unlock on objs:<ul> +<li>Jython depends on JVM for good lock removal</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>still need application-level locking</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="shared-nothing"> +<h1>Shared-nothing</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>each independent part of the program gets its own interpreter</li> +<li>simple implementation</li> +<li>gives workaround instead of direct replacement</li> +<li>not compatible to existing threaded applications, a priori</li> +<li>explicit communication:<ul> +<li>good: clean model, no locks</li> +<li>bad: limitations, overhead</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="transactional-memory"> +<h1>Transactional Memory</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>like GIL, but instead of blocking, each thread runs optimistically</li> +<li>"easy" to implement:<ul> +<li>GIL acquire -> transaction start</li> +<li>GIL release -> transaction commit</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>overhead: cross-checking conflicting memory reads and writes, +and if necessary, cancel and restart transactions</li> +<li>HTM, STM, or some hybrids exist:<ul> +<li>but mostly still research-only</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="pypy-stm"> +<h1>PyPy-STM</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>implementation of a specially-tailored STM ("hard" part):<ul> +<li>a reusable C library</li> +<li>called STMGC-C7</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>used in PyPy to replace the GIL ("easy" part)</li> +<li>could also be used in CPython<ul> +<li>but refcounting needs replacing</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="how-does-it-work"> +<h1>How does it work?</h1> +<object data="fig4.svg" type="image/svg+xml"> +fig4.svg</object> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="demo"> +<h1>Demo</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>counting primes</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="long-transactions"> +<h1>Long Transactions</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>threads and application-level locks still needed...</li> +<li>but <em>can be very coarse:</em><ul> +<li>two transactions can optimistically run in parallel</li> +<li>even if they both <em>acquire and release the same lock</em></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="id2"> +<h1>Long Transactions</h1> +<object data="fig4.svg" type="image/svg+xml"> +fig4.svg</object> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="id3"> +<h1>Demo</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>Bottle web server</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="pypy-stm-programming-model"> +<h1>PyPy-STM Programming Model</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>threads-and-locks, fully compatible with the GIL</li> +<li>this is not "everybody should use careful explicit threading +with all the locking issues"</li> +<li>instead, PyPy-STM pushes forward:<ul> +<li>make or use a thread pool library</li> +<li>coarse locking, inside that library only</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="id4"> +<h1>PyPy-STM Programming Model</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>e.g.:<ul> +<li><tt class="docutils literal">multiprocessing</tt>-like thread pool</li> +<li>Twisted/Tornado/Bottle extension</li> +<li>Stackless/greenlet/gevent extension</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="pypy-stm-status"> +<h1>PyPy-STM status</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>current status:<ul> +<li>basics work</li> +<li>best case 25-40% overhead (much better than originally planned)</li> +<li>app locks not done yet ("with atomic" workaround)</li> +<li>tons of things to improve</li> +<li>tons of things to improve</li> +<li>tons of things to improve</li> +<li>tons of things to improve</li> +<li>tons of things to improve</li> +<li>tons of things to improve</li> +<li>tons of things to improve</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="summary-benefits"> +<h1>Summary: Benefits</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>Potential to enable parallelism:<ul> +<li>in any CPU-bound multithreaded program</li> +<li>or as a replacement of <tt class="docutils literal">multiprocessing</tt></li> +<li>but also in existing applications not written for that</li> +<li>as long as they do multiple things that are "often independent"</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>Keep locks coarse-grained</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="summary-issues"> +<h1>Summary: Issues</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>Keep locks coarse-grained:<ul> +<li>but in case of systematic conflicts, performance is bad again</li> +<li>need to track and fix them</li> +<li>need tool to support this (debugger/profiler)</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>Performance hit: 25-40% slower than a plain PyPy-JIT (may be ok)</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="summary-pypy-stm"> +<h1>Summary: PyPy-STM</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>Not production-ready</li> +<li>But it has the potential to enable "easier parallelism for everybody"</li> +<li>Still alpha but slowly getting there!<ul> +<li>see <a class="reference external" href="http://morepypy.blogspot.com/";>http://morepypy.blogspot.com/</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>Crowdfunding!<ul> +<li>see <a class="reference external" href="http://pypy.org/";>http://pypy.org/</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="part-2-under-the-hood"> +<h1>Part 2 - Under The Hood</h1> +<p><strong>STMGC-C7</strong></p> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="overview"> +<h1>Overview</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>Say we want to run N = 2 threads</li> +<li>We reserve twice the memory</li> +<li>Thread 1 reads/writes "memory segment" 1</li> +<li>Thread 2 reads/writes "memory segment" 2</li> +<li>Upon commit, we (try to) copy the changes to the other segment</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="trick-1"> +<h1>Trick #1</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>Objects contain pointers to each other</li> +<li>These pointers are relative instead of absolute:<ul> +<li>accessed as if they were "thread-local data"</li> +<li>the x86 has a zero-cost way to do that (<tt class="docutils literal">%fs</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">%gs</tt>)</li> +<li>supported in clang (not gcc so far)</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="trick-2"> +<h1>Trick #2</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>With Trick #1, most objects are exactly identical in all N segments:<ul> +<li>so we share the memory</li> +<li><tt class="docutils literal">mmap() MAP_SHARED</tt></li> +<li>actual memory usage is multiplied by much less than N</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>Newly allocated objects are directly in shared pages:<ul> +<li>we don't actually need to copy <em>all new objects</em> at commit, +but only the few <em>old objects</em> modified</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="barriers"> +<h1>Barriers</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li>Need to record all reads and writes done by a transaction</li> +<li>Extremely cheap way to do that:<ul> +<li><em>Read:</em> set a flag in thread-local memory (one byte)</li> +<li><em>Write</em> into a newly allocated object: nothing to do</li> +<li><em>Write</em> into an old object: add the object to a list</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li>Commit: check if each object from that list conflicts with +a read flag set in some other thread</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="id5"> +<h1>...</h1> +</div> +<div class="slide" id="thank-you"> +<h1>Thank You</h1> +<ul class="simple"> +<li><a class="reference external" href="http://morepypy.blogspot.com/";>http://morepypy.blogspot.com/</a></li> +<li><a class="reference external" href="http://pypy.org/";>http://pypy.org/</a></li> +<li>irc: <tt class="docutils literal">#pypy</tt> on freenode.net</li> +</ul> +</div> +</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/talk/ep2014-stm/ui b/talk/ep2014-stm/ui new file mode 120000 --- /dev/null +++ b/talk/ep2014-stm/ui @@ -0,0 +1,1 @@ +../stanford-ee380-2011/ui \ No newline at end of file _______________________________________________ pypy-commit mailing list pypy-commit@python.org https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/pypy-commit
