Hristo Venev <[email protected]> added the comment:
> Why is the first key built up as vx='x'; vx += '1' instead of just k1="x1"?
I wanted to construct a key that is equal to, but not the same object as,
`'x1'`. Consider this example:
assert 'x1' is 'x1'
spam = 'x1'
assert spam is 'x1'
eggs = 'x'
eggs += '1'
assert eggs == 'x1'
assert eggs is not 'x1'
assert sys.intern(eggs) is 'x1'
When doing a dict lookup and the lookup key is the same object as a stored
entry, `__eq__` is not called. Lookups are then significantly faster, maybe 20%.
Consider this example:
class EqTest:
def __eq__(self, other):
raise RuntimeError
def __hash__(self):
return id(self)
adict = {}
k1 = EqTest()
k2 = EqTest()
adict[k1] = 42
adict[k2] = 43
print(adict[k1], adict[k2])
Here `k1` is considered the same as `k1` and `k2` is considered the same as
`k2`. However, `k1` and `k2` are considered distinct and never compared because
they have different hashes.
However, if we were to set `EqTest.__hash__ = lambda self: 42`, we'd get a
RuntimeError when we try to set `adict[k2]` because it would get compared for
equality with `k1`.
Even if `__eq__` works, we can get some interesting behaviors. For example,
when using multiple instances of `float('nan')` as keys.
> Using a str subclass in the test is a great idea, and you've created a truly
> minimal one. It would probably be good to *also* test with a non-string,
> like 3 or 42.0. I can't imagine this affecting things (unless you missed an
> eager lookdict demotion somewhere), but it would be good to have that path
> documented against regression.
I also tested a custom class that compares equal to strings. Other than being
much slower, there weren't any significant differences. I also did some checks
with int key lookups, which obviously fail with KeyError. They did not make the
performance worse for the subsequent str lookups.
I will try to make a proper test tomorrow.
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Python tracker <[email protected]>
<https://bugs.python.org/issue24275>
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