Hi Erik, As far as I know the only full web framework that works with a primarily inline style is spyce, which is not currently under active development. I used it for a while and it was the first python framework I used. I think it's pretty good, if a little bit of an underdog.
That said, using a controller based framework it would be pretty easy to emulate what you are wanting. Find a templating language that fits what you want, build the controller to map to the directories, and pass into templates all the objects that are needed to interact (response/request objects etc) and you're set.
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