hello pythonistas
the script below plays tictactoe; everything works; but if i replace the block
at the bottom
if True:
<tkinter code>
with this instead
def function():
<tkinter code>
function()
then the tkinter callbacks don't work anymore; can anybody make sense of this?
thanks if you can help
peace
stm
ps: here's the code...
ex, oh, blank = 'XO '
rows = [[3*i + j for j in range(3)] for i in range(3)]
columns = [[3*i + j for i in range(3)] for j in range(3)]
diagonals = [[3+3, 4, 5-3], [3-3, 4, 5+3]]
lines = rows + columns + diagonals
putmark = lambda board, square, mark: board[:square] + mark + board[square +
1:]
getblanks = lambda board: [square for square in range(9) if
board[square]==blank]
getmover = lambda board: ex if board.count(ex)==board.count(oh) else oh
getlines = lambda board: [[board[square] for square in line] for line in
lines]
getwinners = lambda board: [player for player in [ex, oh] if [player] * 3 in
getlines(board)]
def evaluate(board):
winners = getwinners(board)
mover = getmover(board)
blanks = getblanks(board)
value = (+1) if winners==[ex] else (-1) if winners==[oh] else 0
optimum = max if mover == ex else min if mover == oh else None
if winners or not blanks: return value, []
values = [evaluate(putmark(board,square,mover))[0] for square in blanks]
optimal = optimum(values)
return optimal, [square for (index, square) in enumerate(blanks) if
values[index]==optimal]
isvalid = lambda board: len(getwinners(board)) < 2 and
board.count(ex)-board.count(oh) in {0,1}
cartesian = lambda strings: [''] if not strings else [x + ys for x in
strings[0] for ys in cartesian(strings[1:])]
getmoves = lambda: {board: evaluate(board)[1] for board in cartesian([marks] *
9) if isvalid(board)}
def getmove(board):
from random import choice
blanks = getblanks(board)
evens = [square for square in blanks if (square % 2)==0]
return choice(evaluate(board)[1]) if len(blanks)<8 else 4 if 4 in blanks
else choice(evens)
def getdisplay(board):
template = ' {} | {} | {} '
separator = '\n-----------\n'
return separator.join(template.format(*(board[square] for square in row))
for row in rows)
def getstatus(board):
winners = getwinners(board)
numblanks = board.count(blank)
if winners: return winners[0] + ' wins'
if numblanks==0: return 'draw'
if numblanks==9: return 'X goes first'
else: return getmover(board) + ' goes next'
show = lambda board: print('\n' + getdisplay(board) + '\n\n' + getstatus(board)
+ '\n')
def newgame():
global board
board = blank * 9
show(board)
def makemove():
global board
board = board if getwinners(board) or blank not in board else
putmark(board, getmove(board), getmover(board))
show(board)
def takemove(square):
global board
board = board if getwinners(board) or board[square] != blank else
putmark(board, square, getmover(board))
show(board)
show = lambda board: status.set(getstatus(board)) or [squares[i].set(board[i])
for i in range(9)]
if True:
from tkinter import Tk, Frame, Label, Button
window = Tk()
status = StringVar()
squares = [StringVar() for i in range(9)]
statusframe = Frame(window)
buttonframe = Frame(window)
boardframe = Frame(window)
statuslabel = Label(statusframe)
newgamebutton = Button(buttonframe)
makemovebutton = Button(buttonframe)
rowframes = [Frame(boardframe) for i in range(3)]
squarebuttons = [Button(rowframes[i//3]) for i in range(9)]
statuslabel .configure(textvariable=status)
newgamebutton .configure(command=newgame, text='new
game')
makemovebutton .configure(command=makemove, text='make
move')
for i in range(9): squarebuttons[i] .configure(textvariable=squares[i],
command=lambda i=i:takemove(i))
statuslabel .configure(padx=0, pady=10)
boardframe .configure(padx=20, pady=20)
for button in squarebuttons: button .configure(width=4, height=2)
boardframe .pack(side=TOP)
buttonframe .pack(side=TOP)
statusframe .pack(side=TOP)
newgamebutton .pack(side=LEFT)
makemovebutton .pack(side=RIGHT)
statuslabel .pack(side=TOP)
for frame in rowframes: frame .pack(side=TOP)
for button in squarebuttons: button .pack(side=LEFT)
newgame()
window.title(' tictactoe')
window.mainloop()
""" #)----------------------------------------
""" #)----------------------------------------
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