Eliot Miranda wrote: > can only actually carry-out operations on objects that implement them.
Execpt that every operation is implemented by every object in Smalltalk. Unless you specify otherwise, the implementation of every method is to call the receiver with doesNotUnderstand. (I don't recall whether the class of nil has a special rule for this or whether it implements doesNotUnderstand and invokes the appropriate "don't send messages to nil" method.) There are a number of Smalltalk extensions, such as multiple-inheritance, that rely on implementing doesNotUnderstand. -- Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST) Native Americans used every part of the buffalo, including the wings. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list