Am 13.02.26 um 5:05 PM schrieb Kevin Wolf:
> Am 13.02.2026 um 15:26 hat Jens Axboe geschrieben:
>> When a vCPU thread handles MMIO (holding BQL), aio_co_enter() runs the
>> block I/O coroutine inline on the vCPU thread because
>> qemu_get_current_aio_context() returns the main AioContext when BQL is
>> held. The coroutine calls luring_co_submit() which queues an SQE via
>> fdmon_io_uring_add_sqe(), but the actual io_uring_submit() only happens
>> in gsource_prepare() on the main loop thread.
> 
> Ouch! Yes, looks like we completely missed I/O submitted in vCPU threads
> in the recent changes (or I guess worker threads in theory, but I don't
> think there any that actually make use of aio_add_sqe()).
> 
>> Since the coroutine ran inline (not via aio_co_schedule()), no BH is
>> scheduled and aio_notify() is never called. The main loop remains asleep
>> in ppoll() with up to a 499ms timeout, leaving the SQE unsubmitted until
>> the next timer fires.
>>
>> Fix this by calling aio_notify() after queuing the SQE. This wakes the
>> main loop via the eventfd so it can run gsource_prepare() and submit the
>> pending SQE promptly.
>>
>> This is a generic fix that benefits all devices using aio=io_uring.
>> Without it, AHCI/SATA devices see MUCH worse I/O latency since they use
>> MMIO (not ioeventfd like virtio) and have no other mechanism to wake the
>> main loop after queuing block I/O.
>>
>> This is usually a bit hard to detect, as it also relies on the ppoll
>> loop not waking up for other activity, and micro benchmarks tend not to
>> see it because they don't have any real processing time. With a
>> synthetic test case that has a few usleep() to simulate processing of
>> read data, it's very noticeable. The below example reads 128MB with
>> O_DIRECT in 128KB chunks in batches of 16, and has a 1ms delay before
>> each batch submit, and a 1ms delay after processing each completion.
>> Running it on /dev/sda yields:
>>
>> time sudo ./iotest /dev/sda
>>
>> ________________________________________________________
>> Executed in   25.76 secs      fish           external
>>    usr time    6.19 millis  783.00 micros    5.41 millis
>>    sys time   12.43 millis  642.00 micros   11.79 millis
>>
>> while on a virtio-blk or NVMe device we get:
>>
>> time sudo ./iotest /dev/vdb
>>
>> ________________________________________________________
>> Executed in    1.25 secs      fish           external
>>    usr time    1.40 millis    0.30 millis    1.10 millis
>>    sys time   17.61 millis    1.43 millis   16.18 millis
>>
>> time sudo ./iotest /dev/nvme0n1
>>
>> ________________________________________________________
>> Executed in    1.26 secs      fish           external
>>    usr time    6.11 millis    0.52 millis    5.59 millis
>>    sys time   13.94 millis    1.50 millis   12.43 millis
>>
>> where the latter are consistent. If we run the same test but keep the
>> socket for the ssh connection active by having activity there, then
>> the sda test looks as follows:
>>
>> time sudo ./iotest /dev/sda
>>
>> ________________________________________________________
>> Executed in    1.23 secs      fish           external
>>    usr time    2.70 millis   39.00 micros    2.66 millis
>>    sys time    4.97 millis  977.00 micros    3.99 millis
>>
>> as now the ppoll loop is woken all the time anyway.
>>
>> After this fix, on an idle system:
>>
>> time sudo ./iotest /dev/sda
>>
>> ________________________________________________________
>> Executed in    1.30 secs      fish           external
>>    usr time    2.14 millis    0.14 millis    2.00 millis
>>    sys time   16.93 millis    1.16 millis   15.76 millis
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <[email protected]>
>> ---
>>  util/fdmon-io_uring.c | 8 ++++++++
>>  1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)
>>
>> diff --git a/util/fdmon-io_uring.c b/util/fdmon-io_uring.c
>> index d0b56127c670..96392876b490 100644
>> --- a/util/fdmon-io_uring.c
>> +++ b/util/fdmon-io_uring.c
>> @@ -181,6 +181,14 @@ static void fdmon_io_uring_add_sqe(AioContext *ctx,
>>  
>>      trace_fdmon_io_uring_add_sqe(ctx, opaque, sqe->opcode, sqe->fd, 
>> sqe->off,
>>                                   cqe_handler);
>> +
>> +    /*
>> +     * Wake the main loop if it is sleeping in ppoll().  When a vCPU thread
>> +     * runs a coroutine inline (holding BQL), it queues SQEs here but the
>> +     * actual io_uring_submit() only happens in gsource_prepare().  Without
>> +     * this notify, ppoll() can sleep up to 499ms before submitting.
>> +     */
>> +    aio_notify(ctx);
>>  }
> 
> Makes sense to me.
> 
> At first I wondered if we should use defer_call() for the aio_notify()
> to batch the submission, but of course holding the BQL will already take
> care of that. And in iothreads where there is no BQL, the aio_notify()
> shouldn't make a difference anyway because we're already in the right
> thread.
> 
> I suppose the other variation could be have another io_uring_enter()
> call here (but then probably really through defer_call()) to avoid
> waiting for another CPU to submit the request in its main loop. But I
> don't really have an intuition if that would make things better or worse
> in the common case.
> 
> Fiona, does this fix your case, too?

Yes, it does fix my issue [0] and the second patch gives another small
improvement :)

Would it be slightly cleaner to have aio_add_sqe() call aio_notify()
itself? Since aio-posix.c calls downwards into fdmon-io_uring.c, it
would feel nicer to me to not have fdmon-io_uring.c call "back up". I
guess it also depends on whether we expect another future fdmon
implementation with .add_sqe() to also benefit from it.

[0]:
https://lore.kernel.org/qemu-devel/[email protected]/

Best Regards,
Fiona


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