[PULL 2/4] qemu-img: Make unallocated part of backing chain obvious in map

[Eric Blake]

The recently-added NBD context qemu:allocation-depth is able to
distinguish between locally-present data (even when that data is
sparse) [shown as depth 1 over NBD], and data that could not be found
anywhere in the backing chain [shown as depth 0]; and the libnbd
project was recently patched to give the human-readable name "absent"
to an allocation-depth of 0.  But qemu-img map --output=json predates
that addition, and has the unfortunate behavior that all portions of
the backing chain that resolve without finding a hit in any backing
layer report the same depth as the final backing layer.  This makes it
harder to reconstruct a qcow2 backing chain using just 'qemu-img map'
output, especially when using "backing":null to artificially limit a
backing chain, because it is impossible to distinguish between a
QCOW2_CLUSTER_UNALLOCATED (which defers to a [missing] backing file)
and a QCOW2_CLUSTER_ZERO_PLAIN cluster (which would override any
backing file), since both types of clusters otherwise show as
"data":false,"zero":true" (but note that we can distinguish a
QCOW2_CLUSTER_ZERO_ALLOCATED, which would also have an "offset":
listing).

The task of reconstructing a qcow2 chain was made harder in commit
0da9856851 (nbd: server: Report holes for raw images), because prior
to that point, it was possible to abuse NBD's block status command to
see which portions of a qcow2 file resulted in BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED
(showing up as NBD_STATE_ZERO in isolation) vs. missing from the chain
(showing up as NBD_STATE_ZERO|NBD_STATE_HOLE); but now qemu reports
more accurate sparseness information over NBD.

An obvious solution is to make 'qemu-img map --output=json' add an
additional "present":false designation to any cluster lacking an
allocation anywhere in the chain, without any change to the "depth"
parameter to avoid breaking existing clients.  The iotests have
several examples where this distinction demonstrates the additional
accuracy.

Signed-off-by: Eric Blake <ebl...@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210701190655.2131223-3-ebl...@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy <vsement...@virtuozzo.com>
---
 docs/tools/qemu-img.rst                       |   3 +
 qapi/block-core.json                          |   7 +-
 qemu-img.c                                    |   7 +-
 tests/qemu-iotests/122.out                    |  84 ++++----
 tests/qemu-iotests/154.out                    | 190 +++++++++---------
 tests/qemu-iotests/179.out                    | 133 ++++++++----
 tests/qemu-iotests/209.out                    |   4 +-
 tests/qemu-iotests/223.out                    |  56 +++---
 tests/qemu-iotests/244.out                    |  23 ++-
 tests/qemu-iotests/252.out                    |  10 +-
 tests/qemu-iotests/274.out                    |  48 ++---
 tests/qemu-iotests/291.out                    |  24 +--
 .../tests/nbd-qemu-allocation.out             |  16 +-
 13 files changed, 332 insertions(+), 273 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/tools/qemu-img.rst b/docs/tools/qemu-img.rst
index cfe11478791f..d6300f7ee03d 100644
--- a/docs/tools/qemu-img.rst
+++ b/docs/tools/qemu-img.rst
@@ -597,6 +597,9 @@ Command description:
     if false, the sectors are either unallocated or stored as optimized
     all-zero clusters);
   - whether the data is known to read as zero (boolean field ``zero``);
+  - whether the data is actually present (boolean field ``present``);
+    if false, rebasing the backing chain onto a deeper file would pick
+    up data from the deeper file;
   - in order to make the output shorter, the target file is expressed as
     a ``depth``; for example, a depth of 2 refers to the backing file
     of the backing file of *FILENAME*.
diff --git a/qapi/block-core.json b/qapi/block-core.json
index 3114ba69bb46..ced846f48d6b 100644
--- a/qapi/block-core.json
+++ b/qapi/block-core.json
@@ -261,6 +261,9 @@
 #         images in the chain)) before reaching one for which the
 #         range is allocated
 #
+# @present: true if this layer provides the data, false if adding a backing
+#           layer could impact this region (since 6.1)
+#
 # @offset: if present, the image file stores the data for this range
 #          in raw format at the given (host) offset
 #
@@ -271,8 +274,8 @@
 ##
 { 'struct': 'MapEntry',
   'data': {'start': 'int', 'length': 'int', 'data': 'bool',
-           'zero': 'bool', 'depth': 'int', '*offset': 'int',
-           '*filename': 'str' } }
+           'zero': 'bool', 'depth': 'int', 'present': 'bool',
+           '*offset': 'int', '*filename': 'str' } }

 ##
 # @BlockdevCacheInfo:
diff --git a/qemu-img.c b/qemu-img.c
index 7956a8996512..68a4d298098f 100644
--- a/qemu-img.c
+++ b/qemu-img.c
@@ -2980,8 +2980,9 @@ static int dump_map_entry(OutputFormat output_format, 
MapEntry *e,
         break;
     case OFORMAT_JSON:
         printf("{ \"start\": %"PRId64", \"length\": %"PRId64","
-               " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"zero\": %s, \"data\": %s",
-               e->start, e->length, e->depth,
+               " \"depth\": %"PRId64", \"present\": %s, \"zero\": %s,"
+               " \"data\": %s", e->start, e->length, e->depth,
+               e->present ? "true" : "false",
                e->zero ? "true" : "false",
                e->data ? "true" : "false");
         if (e->has_offset) {
@@ -3047,6 +3048,7 @@ static int get_block_status(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t 
offset,
         .offset = map,
         .has_offset = has_offset,
         .depth = depth,
+        .present = !!(ret & BDRV_BLOCK_ALLOCATED),
         .has_filename = filename,
         .filename = filename,
     };
@@ -3062,6 +3064,7 @@ static inline bool entry_mergeable(const MapEntry *curr, 
const MapEntry *next)
     if (curr->zero != next->zero ||
         curr->data != next->data ||
         curr->depth != next->depth ||
+        curr->present != next->present ||
         curr->has_filename != next->has_filename ||
         curr->has_offset != next->has_offset) {
         return false;
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/122.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/122.out
index 3a3e121d579d..8fbdac2b39cd 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/122.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/122.out
@@ -67,12 +67,12 @@ read 65536/65536 bytes at offset 4194304
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 65536/65536 bytes at offset 8388608
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true},
-{ "start": 65536, "length": 4128768, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 4194304, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true},
-{ "start": 4259840, "length": 4128768, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 8388608, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true},
-{ "start": 8454144, "length": 4128768, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true},
+{ "start": 65536, "length": 4128768, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 4194304, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true},
+{ "start": 4259840, "length": 4128768, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 8388608, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true},
+{ "start": 8454144, "length": 4128768, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 read 65536/65536 bytes at offset 0
 64 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 65536/65536 bytes at offset 4194304
@@ -94,12 +94,12 @@ wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 1046528
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 0
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true},
-{ "start": 65536, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 131072, "length": 196608, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true},
-{ "start": 327680, "length": 655360, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 983040, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true},
-{ "start": 1048576, "length": 1046528, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true},
+{ "start": 65536, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 131072, "length": 196608, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true},
+{ "start": 327680, "length": 655360, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 983040, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true},
+{ "start": 1048576, "length": 1046528, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 read 16384/16384 bytes at offset 0
 16 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 16384/16384 bytes at offset 16384
@@ -130,14 +130,14 @@ read 3145728/3145728 bytes at offset 0
 3 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 63963136/63963136 bytes at offset 3145728
 61 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET}]

 convert -c -S 0:
 read 3145728/3145728 bytes at offset 0
 3 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 63963136/63963136 bytes at offset 3145728
 61 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
 wrote 33554432/33554432 bytes at offset 0
 32 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ read 30408704/30408704 bytes at offset 3145728
 29 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 33554432/33554432 bytes at offset 33554432
 32 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET}]

 convert -c -S 0 with source backing file:
 read 3145728/3145728 bytes at offset 0
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ read 30408704/30408704 bytes at offset 3145728
 29 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 33554432/33554432 bytes at offset 33554432
 32 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true}]

 convert -S 0 -B ...
 read 3145728/3145728 bytes at offset 0
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ read 30408704/30408704 bytes at offset 3145728
 29 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 33554432/33554432 bytes at offset 33554432
 32 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET}]

 convert -c -S 0 -B ...
 read 3145728/3145728 bytes at offset 0
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ read 30408704/30408704 bytes at offset 3145728
 29 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 33554432/33554432 bytes at offset 33554432
 32 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true}]

 === Non-zero -S ===

@@ -194,32 +194,32 @@ wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 17408
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)

 convert -S 4k
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 4096, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 8192, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 12288, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 16384, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 20480, "length": 67088384, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 4096, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 8192, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 12288, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 16384, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 20480, "length": 67088384, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 convert -c -S 4k
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 1024, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true},
-{ "start": 1024, "length": 7168, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 8192, "length": 1024, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true},
-{ "start": 9216, "length": 8192, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 17408, "length": 1024, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true},
-{ "start": 18432, "length": 67090432, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 1024, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true},
+{ "start": 1024, "length": 7168, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 8192, "length": 1024, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true},
+{ "start": 9216, "length": 8192, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 17408, "length": 1024, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true},
+{ "start": 18432, "length": 67090432, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 convert -S 8k
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 24576, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 24576, "length": 67084288, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 24576, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 24576, "length": 67084288, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 convert -c -S 8k
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 1024, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true},
-{ "start": 1024, "length": 7168, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 8192, "length": 1024, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true},
-{ "start": 9216, "length": 8192, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 17408, "length": 1024, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true},
-{ "start": 18432, "length": 67090432, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 1024, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true},
+{ "start": 1024, "length": 7168, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 8192, "length": 1024, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true},
+{ "start": 9216, "length": 8192, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 17408, "length": 1024, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true},
+{ "start": 18432, "length": 67090432, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 === -n to a non-zero image ===

@@ -233,18 +233,18 @@ Images are identical.

 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.orig', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false}]

 === -n to an empty image with a backing file ===

 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.orig', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 
backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=67108864 
backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": 327680}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": 327680}]

 === -n -B to an image without a backing file ===

diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/154.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/154.out
index 4863e2483864..1fa7ffc47570 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/154.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/154.out
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 17408
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 27648
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 4096, "length": 4096, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 8192, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 12288, "length": 4096, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 16384, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 20480, "length": 4096, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 24576, "length": 8192, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 32768, "length": 134184960, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 4096, "length": 4096, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 8192, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 12288, "length": 4096, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 16384, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 20480, "length": 4096, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 24576, "length": 8192, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 32768, "length": 134184960, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 == backing file contains non-zero data before write_zeroes ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
@@ -41,11 +41,11 @@ read 1024/1024 bytes at offset 65536
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 2048/2048 bytes at offset 67584
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 32768, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 32768, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 36864, "length": 28672, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 65536, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 69632, "length": 134148096, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 32768, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 32768, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 36864, "length": 28672, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 65536, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 69632, "length": 134148096, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 == backing file contains non-zero data after write_zeroes ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
@@ -68,11 +68,11 @@ read 1024/1024 bytes at offset 44032
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 3072/3072 bytes at offset 40960
 3 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 32768, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 32768, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 36864, "length": 4096, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 40960, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 45056, "length": 134172672, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 32768, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 32768, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 36864, "length": 4096, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 40960, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 45056, "length": 134172672, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 == write_zeroes covers non-zero data ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
@@ -101,15 +101,15 @@ wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 29696
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 4096/4096 bytes at offset 28672
 4 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 4096, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 4096, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 8192, "length": 4096, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 12288, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 16384, "length": 4096, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 20480, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 24576, "length": 4096, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 28672, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 32768, "length": 134184960, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 4096, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 4096, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 8192, "length": 4096, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 12288, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 16384, "length": 4096, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 20480, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 24576, "length": 4096, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 28672, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 32768, "length": 134184960, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 == spanning two clusters, non-zero before request ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
@@ -142,16 +142,16 @@ read 1024/1024 bytes at offset 67584
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 5120/5120 bytes at offset 68608
 5 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 32768, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 32768, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 36864, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 40960, "length": 8192, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 49152, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 53248, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 57344, "length": 8192, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 65536, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 69632, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 73728, "length": 134144000, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 32768, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 32768, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 36864, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 40960, "length": 8192, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 49152, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 53248, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 57344, "length": 8192, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 65536, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 69632, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 73728, "length": 134144000, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 == spanning two clusters, non-zero after request ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
@@ -184,16 +184,16 @@ read 7168/7168 bytes at offset 65536
 7 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 1024/1024 bytes at offset 72704
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 32768, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 32768, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 36864, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 40960, "length": 8192, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 49152, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 53248, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 57344, "length": 8192, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 65536, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 69632, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 73728, "length": 134144000, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 32768, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 32768, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 36864, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 40960, "length": 8192, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 49152, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 53248, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 57344, "length": 8192, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 65536, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 69632, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 73728, "length": 134144000, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 == spanning two clusters, partially overwriting backing file ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
@@ -212,8 +212,8 @@ read 1024/1024 bytes at offset 5120
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 2048/2048 bytes at offset 6144
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 8192, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 8192, "length": 134209536, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 8192, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 8192, "length": 134209536, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 == spanning multiple clusters, non-zero in first cluster ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
@@ -226,10 +226,10 @@ read 2048/2048 bytes at offset 65536
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 10240/10240 bytes at offset 67584
 10 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 65536, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 69632, "length": 8192, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 77824, "length": 134139904, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 65536, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 69632, "length": 8192, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 77824, "length": 134139904, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 == spanning multiple clusters, non-zero in intermediate cluster ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
@@ -240,9 +240,9 @@ wrote 7168/7168 bytes at offset 67584
 7 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 12288/12288 bytes at offset 65536
 12 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 65536, "length": 12288, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 77824, "length": 134139904, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 65536, "length": 12288, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 77824, "length": 134139904, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 == spanning multiple clusters, non-zero in final cluster ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
@@ -255,10 +255,10 @@ read 10240/10240 bytes at offset 65536
 10 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 2048/2048 bytes at offset 75776
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 65536, "length": 8192, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 73728, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 77824, "length": 134139904, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 65536, "length": 8192, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 73728, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 77824, "length": 134139904, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 == spanning multiple clusters, partially overwriting backing file ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134217728
@@ -277,84 +277,88 @@ read 2048/2048 bytes at offset 74752
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 1024/1024 bytes at offset 76800
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 65536, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 69632, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 73728, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 77824, "length": 134139904, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 65536, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 69632, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 73728, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 77824, "length": 134139904, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 == unaligned image tail cluster, no allocation needed ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134217728
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 134219776, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134219264
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 134219776, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 134218240
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 134219776, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776
 wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 134217728
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 134219776, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134218752
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 
backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134217728
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 
backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134219264
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 
backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 134218240
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 
backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 134217728
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134217728
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 
backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134217728
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 
backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134219264
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 
backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 134218240
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 
backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 2048/2048 bytes at offset 134217728
 2 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 2048/2048 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134218752
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 134217728
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
@@ -365,15 +369,15 @@ read 512/512 bytes at offset 134217728
 read 512/512 bytes at offset 134218240
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 1024/1024 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 134217728, "length": 1024, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 134217728, "length": 1024, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET}]
 wrote 1024/1024 bytes at offset 134217728
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 1024/1024 bytes allocated at offset 128 MiB
 read 1024/1024 bytes at offset 134217728
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 134217728, "length": 1024, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false, 
"offset": OFFSET}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 134217728, "length": 1024, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false, "offset": OFFSET}]

 == unaligned image tail cluster, allocation required ==
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134218752
@@ -386,8 +390,8 @@ read 512/512 bytes at offset 134217728
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 1536/1536 bytes at offset 134218240
 1.500 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET}]
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base', fmt=IMGFMT size=134218752
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT', fmt=IMGFMT size=134219776 
backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base backing_fmt=IMGFMT
 wrote 512/512 bytes at offset 134218240
@@ -408,6 +412,6 @@ read 512/512 bytes at offset 134218240
 512 bytes, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 1024/1024 bytes at offset 134218752
 1 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 134217728, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 134217728, "length": 2048, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET}]
 *** done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/179.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/179.out
index 1f7680002ca6..7cf22cd75fd6 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/179.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/179.out
@@ -13,7 +13,11 @@ wrote 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 6291456
 2 MiB (0x200000) bytes not allocated at offset 4 MiB (0x400000)
 2 MiB (0x200000) bytes     allocated at offset 6 MiB (0x600000)
 56 MiB (0x3800000) bytes not allocated at offset 8 MiB (0x800000)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 4194304, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 6291456, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 8388608, "length": 58720256, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 wrote 2097150/2097150 bytes at offset 10485761
 2 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 2097150/2097150 bytes at offset 14680065
@@ -27,7 +31,15 @@ wrote 2097150/2097150 bytes at offset 14680065
 2 MiB (0x200000) bytes not allocated at offset 12 MiB (0xc00000)
 2 MiB (0x200000) bytes     allocated at offset 14 MiB (0xe00000)
 48 MiB (0x3000000) bytes not allocated at offset 16 MiB (0x1000000)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 67108864, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 4194304, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 6291456, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 8388608, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 10485760, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 12582912, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 14680064, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 16777216, "length": 50331648, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 wrote 14680064/14680064 bytes at offset 18874368
 14 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 20971520
@@ -45,13 +57,21 @@ wrote 6291456/6291456 bytes at offset 25165824
 2 MiB (0x200000) bytes not allocated at offset 16 MiB (0x1000000)
 14 MiB (0xe00000) bytes     allocated at offset 18 MiB (0x1200000)
 32 MiB (0x2000000) bytes not allocated at offset 32 MiB (0x2000000)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 18874368, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 18874368, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 20971520, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 23068672, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 25165824, "length": 6291456, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 31457280, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 33554432, "length": 33554432, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 4194304, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 6291456, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 8388608, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 10485760, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 12582912, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 14680064, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 16777216, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 18874368, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 20971520, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 23068672, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 25165824, "length": 6291456, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 31457280, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 33554432, "length": 33554432, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 wrote 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 27262976
 2 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 29360128
@@ -67,15 +87,23 @@ wrote 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 29360128
 2 MiB (0x200000) bytes not allocated at offset 16 MiB (0x1000000)
 14 MiB (0xe00000) bytes     allocated at offset 18 MiB (0x1200000)
 32 MiB (0x2000000) bytes not allocated at offset 32 MiB (0x2000000)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 18874368, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 18874368, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 20971520, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 23068672, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 25165824, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 27262976, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 29360128, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 31457280, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 33554432, "length": 33554432, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 4194304, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 6291456, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 8388608, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 10485760, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 12582912, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 14680064, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 16777216, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 18874368, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 20971520, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 23068672, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 25165824, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 27262976, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 29360128, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 31457280, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 33554432, "length": 33554432, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 wrote 8388608/8388608 bytes at offset 33554432
 8 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 35651584
@@ -93,15 +121,24 @@ wrote 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 37748736
 2 MiB (0x200000) bytes not allocated at offset 16 MiB (0x1000000)
 22 MiB (0x1600000) bytes     allocated at offset 18 MiB (0x1200000)
 24 MiB (0x1800000) bytes not allocated at offset 40 MiB (0x2800000)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 18874368, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 18874368, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 20971520, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 23068672, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 25165824, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 27262976, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 29360128, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 31457280, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 33554432, "length": 33554432, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 4194304, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 6291456, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 8388608, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 10485760, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 12582912, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 14680064, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 16777216, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 18874368, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 20971520, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 23068672, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 25165824, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 27262976, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 29360128, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 31457280, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 33554432, "length": 8388608, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 41943040, "length": 25165824, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 wrote 8388608/8388608 bytes at offset 41943040
 8 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 wrote 8388608/8388608 bytes at offset 50331648
@@ -125,23 +162,31 @@ wrote 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 62914560
 4 MiB (0x400000) bytes not allocated at offset 54 MiB (0x3600000)
 4 MiB (0x400000) bytes     allocated at offset 58 MiB (0x3a00000)
 2 MiB (0x200000) bytes not allocated at offset 62 MiB (0x3e00000)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 18874368, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 18874368, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 20971520, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 23068672, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 25165824, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 27262976, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 29360128, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 31457280, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 33554432, "length": 10485760, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 44040192, "length": 4194304, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 48234496, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 50331648, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 52428800, "length": 4194304, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 56623104, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 58720256, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 60817408, "length": 4194304, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 65011712, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 4194304, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 6291456, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 8388608, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 10485760, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 12582912, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 14680064, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 16777216, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 18874368, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 20971520, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 23068672, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 25165824, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 27262976, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 29360128, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 31457280, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 33554432, "length": 10485760, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 44040192, "length": 4194304, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 48234496, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 50331648, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 52428800, "length": 4194304, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 56623104, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 58720256, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 60817408, "length": 4194304, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 65011712, "length": 2097152, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 No errors were found on the image.
 No errors were found on the image.

diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/209.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/209.out
index 214e27bfcec3..f27be3fa7b0b 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/209.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/209.out
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 524288, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": 0},
-{ "start": 524288, "length": 524288, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false, 
"offset": 524288}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 524288, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": 0},
+{ "start": 524288, "length": 524288, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false, "offset": 524288}]
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/223.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/223.out
index 083b62d05386..e58ea5abbd5a 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/223.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/223.out
@@ -100,19 +100,19 @@ read 1048576/1048576 bytes at offset 1048576
 1 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 2097152
 2 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 4096, "length": 1044480, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 1048576, "length": 3145728, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET}]
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": false},
-{ "start": 65536, "length": 2031616, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 4096, "length": 1044480, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 1048576, "length": 3145728, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": false, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 65536, "length": 2031616, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
false, "data": false}]

 === Contrast to small granularity dirty-bitmap ===

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 512, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 512, "length": 512, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": false},
-{ "start": 1024, "length": 2096128, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 512, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 512, "length": 512, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": false, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 1024, "length": 2096128, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
false, "data": false}]

 === End qemu NBD server ===

@@ -201,19 +201,19 @@ read 1048576/1048576 bytes at offset 1048576
 1 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 read 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 2097152
 2 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 4096, "length": 1044480, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 1048576, "length": 3145728, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET}]
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": false},
-{ "start": 65536, "length": 2031616, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 4096, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 4096, "length": 1044480, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 1048576, "length": 3145728, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": false, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 65536, "length": 2031616, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
false, "data": false}]

 === Contrast to small granularity dirty-bitmap ===

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 512, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 512, "length": 512, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": false},
-{ "start": 1024, "length": 2096128, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 512, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 512, "length": 512, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": false, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 1024, "length": 2096128, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
false, "data": false}]

 === End qemu NBD server ===

@@ -238,12 +238,12 @@ read 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 2097152

 === Use qemu-nbd as server ===

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": false},
-{ "start": 65536, "length": 2031616, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
false}]
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 512, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 512, "length": 512, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": false},
-{ "start": 1024, "length": 11321, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET}]
-[{ "start": 12345, "length": 2084807, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": false, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 65536, "length": 2031616, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
false, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 512, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 512, "length": 512, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": false, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 1024, "length": 11321, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET}]
+[{ "start": 12345, "length": 2084807, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
false, "data": false}]
 *** done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/244.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/244.out
index 99f56ac18c48..5e03add05448 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/244.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/244.out
@@ -57,11 +57,12 @@ wrote 3145728/3145728 bytes at offset 3145728
 3 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 No errors were found on the image.

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 1048576, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": 1048576},
-{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 4194304, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false, "offset": 4194304},
-{ "start": 5242880, "length": 61865984, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 1048576, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": 1048576},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 4194304, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false, "offset": 4194304},
+{ "start": 5242880, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 6291456, "length": 60817408, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 read 1048576/1048576 bytes at offset 0
 1 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
@@ -93,10 +94,10 @@ wrote 3145728/3145728 bytes at offset 3145728
 3 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 No errors were found on the image.

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": 0},
-{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 4194304, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false, "offset": 4194304},
-{ "start": 6291456, "length": 60817408, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": 6291456}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": 0},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 4194304, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false, "offset": 4194304},
+{ "start": 6291456, "length": 60817408, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": 6291456}]

 read 1048576/1048576 bytes at offset 0
 1 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
@@ -122,8 +123,8 @@ read 1048576/1048576 bytes at offset 0
 1 MiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
 Offset          Length          Mapped to       File
 0               0x100000        0               TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.data
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": 0},
-{ "start": 1048576, "length": 66060288, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": 0},
+{ "start": 1048576, "length": 66060288, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 === Copy offloading ===

diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/252.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/252.out
index 12dce889f823..c578129c25b7 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/252.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/252.out
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ read 131072/131072 bytes at offset 131072
 read 131072/131072 bytes at offset 262144
 128 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 262144, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 262144, "length": 131072, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 262144, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 262144, "length": 131072, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 read 131072/131072 bytes at offset 0
 128 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ read 131072/131072 bytes at offset 131072
 read 131072/131072 bytes at offset 262144
 128 KiB, X ops; XX:XX:XX.X (XXX YYY/sec and XXX ops/sec)

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 262144, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 262144, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 327680, "length": 65536, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 262144, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 262144, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 327680, "length": 65536, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 *** done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/274.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/274.out
index cfe17a865924..16a95a48508b 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/274.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/274.out
@@ -26,18 +26,18 @@ read 1048576/1048576 bytes at offset 1048576
 0/1048576 bytes allocated at offset 1 MiB

 === Checking map ===
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": 327680}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": 327680}]

 Offset          Length          Mapped to       File
 0               0x200000        0x50000         TEST_DIR/PID-base

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 1048576, "depth": 1, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": 327680}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 1048576, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": 327680}]

 Offset          Length          Mapped to       File
 0               0x100000        0x50000         TEST_DIR/PID-base

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 1048576, "depth": 2, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": 327680},
-{ "start": 1048576, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 1048576, "depth": 2, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": 327680},
+{ "start": 1048576, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 Offset          Length          Mapped to       File
 0               0x100000        0x50000         TEST_DIR/PID-base
@@ -220,8 +220,8 @@ read 65536/65536 bytes at offset 5368709120
 1 GiB (0x40000000) bytes not allocated at offset 0 bytes (0x0)
 7 GiB (0x1c0000000) bytes     allocated at offset 1 GiB (0x40000000)

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 1073741824, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 1073741824, "length": 7516192768, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 1073741824, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 1073741824, "length": 7516192768, "depth": 0, "present": true, 
"zero": true, "data": false}]

 === preallocation=metadata ===
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-base', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off 
compression_type=zlib size=34359738368 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
@@ -239,13 +239,13 @@ read 65536/65536 bytes at offset 33285996544
 30 GiB (0x780000000) bytes not allocated at offset 0 bytes (0x0)
 3 GiB (0xc0000000) bytes     allocated at offset 30 GiB (0x780000000)

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 32212254720, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 32212254720, "length": 536870912, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false, "offset": 327680},
-{ "start": 32749125632, "length": 536870912, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false, "offset": 537264128},
-{ "start": 33285996544, "length": 536870912, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false, "offset": 1074200576},
-{ "start": 33822867456, "length": 536870912, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false, "offset": 1611137024},
-{ "start": 34359738368, "length": 536870912, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false, "offset": 2148139008},
-{ "start": 34896609280, "length": 536870912, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false, "offset": 2685075456}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 32212254720, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false},
+{ "start": 32212254720, "length": 536870912, "depth": 0, "present": true, 
"zero": true, "data": false, "offset": 327680},
+{ "start": 32749125632, "length": 536870912, "depth": 0, "present": true, 
"zero": true, "data": false, "offset": 537264128},
+{ "start": 33285996544, "length": 536870912, "depth": 0, "present": true, 
"zero": true, "data": false, "offset": 1074200576},
+{ "start": 33822867456, "length": 536870912, "depth": 0, "present": true, 
"zero": true, "data": false, "offset": 1611137024},
+{ "start": 34359738368, "length": 536870912, "depth": 0, "present": true, 
"zero": true, "data": false, "offset": 2148139008},
+{ "start": 34896609280, "length": 536870912, "depth": 0, "present": true, 
"zero": true, "data": false, "offset": 2685075456}]

 === preallocation=falloc ===
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-base', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off 
compression_type=zlib size=10485760 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
@@ -263,8 +263,8 @@ read 65536/65536 bytes at offset 9437184
 5 MiB (0x500000) bytes not allocated at offset 0 bytes (0x0)
 10 MiB (0xa00000) bytes     allocated at offset 5 MiB (0x500000)

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 5242880, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 5242880, "length": 10485760, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": 327680}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 5242880, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 5242880, "length": 10485760, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": 327680}]

 === preallocation=full ===
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-base', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off 
compression_type=zlib size=16777216 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
@@ -282,8 +282,8 @@ read 65536/65536 bytes at offset 11534336
 8 MiB (0x800000) bytes not allocated at offset 0 bytes (0x0)
 4 MiB (0x400000) bytes     allocated at offset 8 MiB (0x800000)

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 8388608, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 8388608, "length": 4194304, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": 327680}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 8388608, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 8388608, "length": 4194304, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": 327680}]

 === preallocation=off ===
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-base', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off 
compression_type=zlib size=393216 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
@@ -301,9 +301,9 @@ read 65536/65536 bytes at offset 259072
 192 KiB (0x30000) bytes not allocated at offset 0 bytes (0x0)
 320 KiB (0x50000) bytes     allocated at offset 192 KiB (0x30000)

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 196608, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 196608, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": 327680},
-{ "start": 262144, "length": 262144, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 196608, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 196608, "length": 65536, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": 327680},
+{ "start": 262144, "length": 262144, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 === preallocation=off ===
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-base', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off 
compression_type=zlib size=409600 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
@@ -321,8 +321,8 @@ read 65536/65536 bytes at offset 344064
 256 KiB (0x40000) bytes not allocated at offset 0 bytes (0x0)
 256 KiB (0x40000) bytes     allocated at offset 256 KiB (0x40000)

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 262144, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 262144, "length": 262144, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 262144, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 262144, "length": 262144, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

 === preallocation=off ===
 Formatting 'TEST_DIR/PID-base', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off 
compression_type=zlib size=524288 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
@@ -340,6 +340,6 @@ read 65536/65536 bytes at offset 446464
 256 KiB (0x40000) bytes not allocated at offset 0 bytes (0x0)
 244 KiB (0x3d000) bytes     allocated at offset 256 KiB (0x40000)

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 262144, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": false},
-{ "start": 262144, "length": 249856, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 262144, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": true, 
"data": false},
+{ "start": 262144, "length": 249856, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]

diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/291.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/291.out
index 23411c0ff4d9..018d6b103f87 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/291.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/291.out
@@ -103,16 +103,16 @@ Format specific information:

 === Check bitmap contents ===

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 3145728, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 3145728, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 4194304, "length": 6291456, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET}]
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 1048576, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 2097152, "length": 8388608, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET}]
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 2097152, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 3145728, "length": 7340032, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET}]
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 2097152, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 3145728, "length": 7340032, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 3145728, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 3145728, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
false, "data": false},
+{ "start": 4194304, "length": 6291456, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 1048576, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
false, "data": false},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 8388608, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
false, "data": false},
+{ "start": 3145728, "length": 7340032, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 2097152, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
false, "data": false},
+{ "start": 3145728, "length": 7340032, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET}]
 *** done
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/nbd-qemu-allocation.out 
b/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/nbd-qemu-allocation.out
index c51022b2a38d..0bf1abb06338 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/nbd-qemu-allocation.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/nbd-qemu-allocation.out
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ wrote 2097152/2097152 bytes at offset 1048576

 === Check allocation over NBD ===

-[{ "start": 0, "length": 1048576, "depth": 1, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": 327680},
-{ "start": 1048576, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": 327680},
-{ "start": 3145728, "length": 1048576, "depth": 1, "zero": true, "data": 
false}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 1048576, "depth": 1, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": 327680},
+{ "start": 1048576, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": 327680},
+{ "start": 3145728, "length": 1048576, "depth": 1, "present": false, "zero": 
true, "data": false}]
 exports available: 1
  export: ''
   size:  4194304
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ exports available: 1
   available meta contexts: 2
    base:allocation
    qemu:allocation-depth
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 3145728, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 3145728, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": 
false, "offset": OFFSET}]
-[{ "start": 0, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "zero": true, "data": true, 
"offset": OFFSET},
-{ "start": 1048576, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
false},
-{ "start": 3145728, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "zero": false, "data": 
true, "offset": OFFSET}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 3145728, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": false, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 3145728, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
true, "data": false, "offset": OFFSET}]
+[{ "start": 0, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": true, 
"data": true, "offset": OFFSET},
+{ "start": 1048576, "length": 2097152, "depth": 0, "present": false, "zero": 
false, "data": false},
+{ "start": 3145728, "length": 1048576, "depth": 0, "present": true, "zero": 
false, "data": true, "offset": OFFSET}]
 *** done
-- 
2.31.1