On 9/8/24 11:13 PM, Alistair Francis wrote:
The current approach of using qemu_chr_fe_write() and ignoring the
return values results in dropped characters [1].

Let's update the SiFive UART to use a async sifive_uart_xmit() function
to transmit the characters and apply back pressure to the guest with
the SIFIVE_UART_TXFIFO_FULL status.

This should avoid dropped characters and more realisticly model the
hardware.

1: https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/issues/2114

Signed-off-by: Alistair Francis <alistair.fran...@wdc.com>
Tested-by: Thomas Huth <th...@redhat.com>

Reviewed-by: Daniel Henrique Barboza <dbarb...@ventanamicro.com>

---
  include/hw/char/sifive_uart.h | 17 ++++++-
  hw/char/sifive_uart.c         | 88 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
  2 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/hw/char/sifive_uart.h b/include/hw/char/sifive_uart.h
index 7f6c79f8bd..b43109bb8b 100644
--- a/include/hw/char/sifive_uart.h
+++ b/include/hw/char/sifive_uart.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
  #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
  #include "hw/sysbus.h"
  #include "qom/object.h"
+#include "qemu/fifo8.h"
enum {
      SIFIVE_UART_TXFIFO        = 0,
@@ -48,9 +49,13 @@ enum {
      SIFIVE_UART_IP_RXWM       = 2  /* Receive watermark interrupt pending */
  };
+#define SIFIVE_UART_TXFIFO_FULL 0x80000000
+
  #define SIFIVE_UART_GET_TXCNT(txctrl)   ((txctrl >> 16) & 0x7)
  #define SIFIVE_UART_GET_RXCNT(rxctrl)   ((rxctrl >> 16) & 0x7)
+
  #define SIFIVE_UART_RX_FIFO_SIZE 8
+#define SIFIVE_UART_TX_FIFO_SIZE 8
#define TYPE_SIFIVE_UART "riscv.sifive.uart"
  OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(SiFiveUARTState, SIFIVE_UART)
@@ -63,13 +68,21 @@ struct SiFiveUARTState {
      qemu_irq irq;
      MemoryRegion mmio;
      CharBackend chr;
-    uint8_t rx_fifo[SIFIVE_UART_RX_FIFO_SIZE];
-    uint8_t rx_fifo_len;
+
+    uint32_t txfifo;
      uint32_t ie;
      uint32_t ip;
      uint32_t txctrl;
      uint32_t rxctrl;
      uint32_t div;
+
+    uint8_t rx_fifo[SIFIVE_UART_RX_FIFO_SIZE];
+    uint8_t rx_fifo_len;
+
+    Fifo8 tx_fifo;
+
+    QEMUTimer *fifo_trigger_handle;
+    uint64_t char_tx_time;
  };
SiFiveUARTState *sifive_uart_create(MemoryRegion *address_space, hwaddr base,
diff --git a/hw/char/sifive_uart.c b/hw/char/sifive_uart.c
index 7fc6787f69..ab899b60d6 100644
--- a/hw/char/sifive_uart.c
+++ b/hw/char/sifive_uart.c
@@ -64,6 +64,72 @@ static void sifive_uart_update_irq(SiFiveUARTState *s)
      }
  }
+static gboolean sifive_uart_xmit(void *do_not_use, GIOCondition cond,
+                                 void *opaque)
+{
+    SiFiveUARTState *s = opaque;
+    int ret;
+    const uint8_t *charecters;
+    uint32_t numptr = 0;
+
+    /* instant drain the fifo when there's no back-end */
+    if (!qemu_chr_fe_backend_connected(&s->chr)) {
+        fifo8_reset(&s->tx_fifo);
+        return G_SOURCE_REMOVE;
+    }
+
+    if (fifo8_is_empty(&s->tx_fifo)) {
+        return G_SOURCE_REMOVE;
+    }
+
+    /* Don't pop the FIFO in case the write fails */
+    charecters = fifo8_peek_bufptr(&s->tx_fifo,
+                                   fifo8_num_used(&s->tx_fifo), &numptr);
+    ret = qemu_chr_fe_write(&s->chr, charecters, numptr);
+
+    if (ret >= 0) {
+        /* We wrote the data, actually pop the fifo */
+        fifo8_pop_bufptr(&s->tx_fifo, ret, NULL);
+    }
+
+    if (!fifo8_is_empty(&s->tx_fifo)) {
+        guint r = qemu_chr_fe_add_watch(&s->chr, G_IO_OUT | G_IO_HUP,
+                                        sifive_uart_xmit, s);
+        if (!r) {
+            fifo8_reset(&s->tx_fifo);
+            return G_SOURCE_REMOVE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Clear the TX Full bit */
+    if (!fifo8_is_full(&s->tx_fifo)) {
+        s->txfifo &= ~SIFIVE_UART_TXFIFO_FULL;
+    }
+
+    sifive_uart_update_irq(s);
+    return G_SOURCE_REMOVE;
+}
+
+static void sifive_uart_write_tx_fifo(SiFiveUARTState *s, const uint8_t *buf,
+                                      int size)
+{
+    uint64_t current_time = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL);
+
+    if (size > fifo8_num_free(&s->tx_fifo)) {
+        size = fifo8_num_free(&s->tx_fifo);
+        qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "sifive_uart: TX FIFO overflow");
+    }
+
+    fifo8_push_all(&s->tx_fifo, buf, size);
+
+    if (fifo8_is_full(&s->tx_fifo)) {
+        s->txfifo |= SIFIVE_UART_TXFIFO_FULL;
+    }
+
+    timer_mod(s->fifo_trigger_handle, current_time +
+              (s->char_tx_time * 4));
+}
+
  static uint64_t
  sifive_uart_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned int size)
  {
@@ -82,7 +148,7 @@ sifive_uart_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned int 
size)
          return 0x80000000;
case SIFIVE_UART_TXFIFO:
-        return 0; /* Should check tx fifo */
+        return s->txfifo;
      case SIFIVE_UART_IE:
          return s->ie;
      case SIFIVE_UART_IP:
@@ -106,12 +172,10 @@ sifive_uart_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
  {
      SiFiveUARTState *s = opaque;
      uint32_t value = val64;
-    unsigned char ch = value;
switch (addr) {
      case SIFIVE_UART_TXFIFO:
-        qemu_chr_fe_write(&s->chr, &ch, 1);
-        sifive_uart_update_irq(s);
+        sifive_uart_write_tx_fifo(s, (uint8_t *) &value, 1);
          return;
      case SIFIVE_UART_IE:
          s->ie = val64;
@@ -131,6 +195,13 @@ sifive_uart_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
                    __func__, (int)addr, (int)value);
  }
+static void fifo_trigger_update(void *opaque)
+{
+    SiFiveUARTState *s = opaque;
+
+    sifive_uart_xmit(NULL, G_IO_OUT, s);
+}
+
  static const MemoryRegionOps sifive_uart_ops = {
      .read = sifive_uart_read,
      .write = sifive_uart_write,
@@ -197,6 +268,9 @@ static void sifive_uart_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error 
**errp)
  {
      SiFiveUARTState *s = SIFIVE_UART(dev);
+ s->fifo_trigger_handle = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL,
+                                          fifo_trigger_update, s);
+
      qemu_chr_fe_set_handlers(&s->chr, sifive_uart_can_rx, sifive_uart_rx,
                               sifive_uart_event, sifive_uart_be_change, s,
                               NULL, true);
@@ -206,12 +280,18 @@ static void sifive_uart_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error 
**errp)
  static void sifive_uart_reset_enter(Object *obj, ResetType type)
  {
      SiFiveUARTState *s = SIFIVE_UART(obj);
+
+    s->txfifo = 0;
      s->ie = 0;
      s->ip = 0;
      s->txctrl = 0;
      s->rxctrl = 0;
      s->div = 0;
+
      s->rx_fifo_len = 0;
+
+    memset(s->rx_fifo, 0, SIFIVE_UART_RX_FIFO_SIZE);
+    fifo8_create(&s->tx_fifo, SIFIVE_UART_TX_FIFO_SIZE);
  }
static void sifive_uart_reset_hold(Object *obj, ResetType type)

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