On Mon, Jun 01, 2026 at 01:52:00PM +0200, Markus Armbruster wrote:
> "Naveen N Rao (AMD)" <[email protected]> writes:
> 
> > Add support for enabling debug-swap VMSA SEV feature in SEV-ES and
> > SEV-SNP guests through a new "debug-swap" boolean property on SEV guest
> > objects. Though the boolean property is available for plain SEV guests,
> > check_sev_features() has a check that rejects attempts to enable any SEV
> > feature for a plain SEV guest.
> 
> Why does it make sense to add the property to objects where it's not
> supported?

Primarily to minimize changes. The restriction is only until the 
workaround is implemented for which I have posted a patch just now:
https://lore.kernel.org/qemu-devel/[email protected]/T/#u

I didn't want to move the property to sev-snp-object only to move it 
back again subsequently.

> 
> > Though this SEV feature is called "Debug virtualization" in the APM, KVM
> > calls this "debug swap" so use the same name for consistency.
> 
> Thanks for explaining this.
> 
> > Sample command-line:
> >   -machine q35,confidential-guest-support=sev0 \
> >   -object sev-snp-guest,id=sev0,cbitpos=51,reduced-phys-bits=1,debug-swap=on
> >
> > Restrict debug-swap to SEV-SNP guests at this time due to a
> > compatibility issue with SEV-ES pflash devices.
> 
> What are these issues?

Explained in the patch I posted today (please see above for the link).

> 
> > Signed-off-by: Naveen N Rao (AMD) <[email protected]>
> > ---
> >  target/i386/sev.h |  1 +
> >  target/i386/sev.c | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >  qapi/qom.json     |  7 ++++++-
> >  3 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/target/i386/sev.h b/target/i386/sev.h
> > index b84ca3ce0b67..d19a39669747 100644
> > --- a/target/i386/sev.h
> > +++ b/target/i386/sev.h
> > @@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ bool sev_snp_enabled(void);
> >  #define SEV_SNP_POLICY_DBG      0x80000
> >  
> >  #define SVM_SEV_FEAT_SNP_ACTIVE     BIT(0)
> > +#define SVM_SEV_FEAT_DEBUG_SWAP     BIT(5)
> >  
> >  typedef struct SevKernelLoaderContext {
> >      char *setup_data;
> > diff --git a/target/i386/sev.c b/target/i386/sev.c
> > index 4553fe4d6e4a..4532b1b6a484 100644
> > --- a/target/i386/sev.c
> > +++ b/target/i386/sev.c
> > @@ -328,6 +328,11 @@ sev_set_guest_state(SevCommonState *sev_common, 
> > SevState new_state)
> >      sev_common->state = new_state;
> >  }
> >  
> > +static bool is_sev_feature_set(SevCommonState *sev_common, uint64_t 
> > feature)
> > +{
> > +    return !!(sev_common->sev_features & feature);
> > +}
> > +
> >  static void sev_set_feature(SevCommonState *sev_common, uint64_t feature, 
> > bool set)
> >  {
> >      if (set) {
> > @@ -527,6 +532,12 @@ static int check_sev_features(SevCommonState 
> > *sev_common, uint64_t sev_features,
> >              __func__);
> >          return -1;
> >      }
> > +    if (sev_features && sev_es_enabled() && !sev_snp_enabled()) {
> > +        error_setg(errp,
> > +                   "%s: SEV features are not supported with SEV-ES at this 
> > time",
> > +                   __func__);
> 
> Once again, I'm confused about SEV.  Remind me: what kinds of SEV guests
> exist?  The commit message suggests "plain", "ES", "SNP".  What do
> sev_es_enabled() and sev_snp_enabled() return for each of these?

Right, SEV (plain) is encrypted-memory guests, SEV-ES is SEV with 
Encrypted register State, SEV-SNP is SEV-ES with Secure Nested Paging.

sev_es_enabled() returns true for SEV-ES and SEV-SNP guests.

> 
> What are the "SEV features"?  Can we expect users to know?  I suspect
> they need to know to fix the problem!
> 
> Are they exactly debug-swap?

Yes, users should know that since they need to enable those explicitly.  
Guests will need to support those features too.

Debug-swap is one, Secure-TSC is another (support for which is also 
added in this series), then there is Secure-AVIC and many others 
(documented in AMD APM).

> 
> __func__ in an error message meant for users is an anti-pattern.  Not an
> objection to this patch; it matches existing errors around here.
> 
> > +        return -1;
> > +    }
> >      if (sev_features && !sev_es_enabled()) {
> >          error_setg(errp,
> >                     "%s: SEV features require either SEV-ES or SEV-SNP to 
> > be enabled",
> > @@ -2800,6 +2811,16 @@ static int 
> > cgs_set_guest_policy(ConfidentialGuestPolicyType policy_type,
> >      return 0;
> >  }
> >  
> > +static bool sev_common_get_debug_swap(Object *obj, Error **errp)
> > +{
> > +    return is_sev_feature_set(SEV_COMMON(obj), SVM_SEV_FEAT_DEBUG_SWAP);
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void sev_common_set_debug_swap(Object *obj, bool value, Error 
> > **errp)
> > +{
> > +    sev_set_feature(SEV_COMMON(obj), SVM_SEV_FEAT_DEBUG_SWAP, value);
> > +}
> > +
> >  static void
> >  sev_common_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, const void *data)
> >  {
> > @@ -2825,6 +2846,11 @@ sev_common_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, const void 
> > *data)
> >                                     sev_common_set_kernel_hashes);
> >      object_class_property_set_description(oc, "kernel-hashes",
> >              "add kernel hashes to guest firmware for measured Linux boot");
> > +    object_class_property_add_bool(oc, "debug-swap",
> > +                                   sev_common_get_debug_swap,
> > +                                   sev_common_set_debug_swap);
> > +    object_class_property_set_description(oc, "debug-swap",
> > +            "enable virtualization of debug registers");
> >  }
> >  
> >  static void
> > diff --git a/qapi/qom.json b/qapi/qom.json
> > index dd45ac1087c3..e2bb716b603e 100644
> > --- a/qapi/qom.json
> > +++ b/qapi/qom.json
> > @@ -1017,6 +1017,10 @@
> >  #     designated guest firmware page for measured boot with -kernel
> >  #     (default: false) (since 6.2)
> >  #
> > +# @debug-swap: enable virtualization of debug registers,
> > +#     only supported on SEV-ES and SEV-SNP guests
> > +#     (default: false) (since 11.1)
> > +#
> >  # Features:
> >  #
> >  # @confidential-guest-reset: If present, the hypervisor supports
> > @@ -1028,7 +1032,8 @@
> >    'data': { '*sev-device': 'str',
> >              '*cbitpos': 'uint32',
> >              'reduced-phys-bits': 'uint32',
> > -            '*kernel-hashes': 'bool' },
> > +            '*kernel-hashes': 'bool',
> > +            '*debug-swap': 'bool' },
> >    'features': ['confidential-guest-reset']}
> >  
> >  ##
> 
> This is SevCommonProperties, the common base type of SevGuestProperties
> (configuration for sev-guest QOM objects) and SevSnpGuestProperties
> (sev-snp-guest objects).
> 
> So, all SEV objects have property @debug-swap.  I figure the check you
> add to check_sev_features() rejects it for certain SEV objects.  I don't
> quite understand for which ones.

The check above rejects it for SEV-ES guests. There is a generic check 
added in patch 4/9 which rejects any and add SEV features for plain SEV 
guests.


- Naveen

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