Add a qtest that reads the "etc/e820" fw_cfg table and checks its
structural invariants: the file is a whole number of e820 entries and
every entry has a non-zero length. The baseline q35 case asserts the
guest sees RAM and, with no sp-mem device, no SOFT_RESERVED range.

Signed-off-by: FangSheng Huang <[email protected]>
---
 tests/qtest/e820-test.c | 95 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/qtest/meson.build |  1 +
 2 files changed, 96 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/qtest/e820-test.c

diff --git a/tests/qtest/e820-test.c b/tests/qtest/e820-test.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1db0744c08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qtest/e820-test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * qtest e820 fw_cfg test case
+ *
+ * Validate the "etc/e820" fw_cfg table that QEMU hands to the firmware.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *  FangSheng Huang <[email protected]>
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+
+#include "libqtest.h"
+#include "libqos/fw_cfg.h"
+#include "qemu/bswap.h"
+
+/* e820 entry layout and types (cf. hw/i386/e820_memory_layout.h) */
+#define E820_RAM            1
+#define E820_SOFT_RESERVED  0xefffffff
+
+struct e820_entry {
+    uint64_t address;
+    uint64_t length;
+    uint32_t type;
+} QEMU_PACKED;
+
+#define E820_MAX_ENTRIES    128
+
+/*
+ * Read and structurally validate "etc/e820": the file is a packed array
+ * of struct e820_entry, so its size must be a whole multiple of the entry
+ * size and every entry must have a non-zero length. Returns the entry
+ * count and fills @table.
+ */
+static size_t get_e820_table(QFWCFG *fw_cfg, struct e820_entry *table)
+{
+    size_t filesize, n, i;
+
+    filesize = qfw_cfg_get_file(fw_cfg, "etc/e820", table,
+                                E820_MAX_ENTRIES * sizeof(*table));
+    g_assert_cmpint(filesize, >, 0);
+    g_assert_cmpint(filesize % sizeof(struct e820_entry), ==, 0);
+
+    n = filesize / sizeof(struct e820_entry);
+    g_assert_cmpint(n, <=, E820_MAX_ENTRIES);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        g_assert_cmpint(le64_to_cpu(table[i].length), >, 0);
+    }
+
+    return n;
+}
+
+static void test_e820_basic(void)
+{
+    struct e820_entry table[E820_MAX_ENTRIES];
+    QFWCFG *fw_cfg;
+    QTestState *s;
+    size_t n, i;
+    bool found_ram = false, found_soft_reserved = false;
+
+    s = qtest_init("-machine q35 -m 256M");
+    fw_cfg = pc_fw_cfg_init(s);
+
+    n = get_e820_table(fw_cfg, table);
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        switch (le32_to_cpu(table[i].type)) {
+        case E820_RAM:
+            found_ram = true;
+            break;
+        case E820_SOFT_RESERVED:
+            found_soft_reserved = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* baseline: RAM present, no SOFT_RESERVED range */
+    g_assert_true(found_ram);
+    g_assert_false(found_soft_reserved);
+
+    pc_fw_cfg_uninit(fw_cfg);
+    qtest_quit(s);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);
+
+    qtest_add_func("e820/basic", test_e820_basic);
+
+    return g_test_run();
+}
diff --git a/tests/qtest/meson.build b/tests/qtest/meson.build
index 4897325d84..d69ee27fa4 100644
--- a/tests/qtest/meson.build
+++ b/tests/qtest/meson.build
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ qtests_i386 = \
   (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_AHCI_ICH9') ? ['tco-test'] : []) +       
             \
   (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_FDC_ISA') ? ['fdc-test'] : []) +         
             \
   (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_I440FX') ? ['fw_cfg-test'] : []) +       
             \
+  (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_Q35') ? ['e820-test'] : []) +            
              \
   (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_FW_CFG_DMA') ? ['vmcoreinfo-test'] : []) 
+            \
   (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_I440FX') ? ['i440fx-test'] : []) +       
             \
   (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_I440FX') ? ['ide-test'] : []) +          
             \
-- 
2.34.1


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