Dear Qubes Community,
We have published [Qubes Security Bulletin 091: Windows PV drivers potentially
compromised](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-secpack/blob/main/QSBs/qsb-091-2023.txt).
The text of this QSB and its accompanying cryptographic signatures are
reproduced below. For an explanation of this announcement and instructions for
authenticating this QSB, please see the end of this announcement.
## Qubes Security Bulletin 091
```
---===[ Qubes Security Bulletin 091 ]===---
2023-07-26
Windows PV drivers potentially compromised
User action required
---------------------
At the time of writing, no fix is available, so no user action is
required. However, users may wish to consider discontinuing the use of
Qubes Windows Tools (QWT) in security-sensitive Windows qubes until a
fix is available. Users with especially high security requirements may
wish to consider recreating existing Windows qubes without QWT or
replacing existing Windows qubes with qubes running a different
operating system.
Summary
--------
On 2023-07-24, the Xen Project published "Xen Security Notice 1:
winpvdrvbuild.xenproject.org potentially compromised" [1], which states:
| Software running on the Xen Project hosted subdomain
| winpvdrvbuild.xenproject.org is outdated and vulnerable to several
| CVEs. Some of the reported issues include remote code execution. The
| affected host was running the Jenkins build system for the Windows PV
| Drivers subproject.
| Since the list of CVEs reported include remote code execution we no
| longer have confidence that binaries previously available at:
|
| https://xenbits.xen.org/pvdrivers/win/
|
| are trustworthy. This includes binaries signed with Xen Project's EV
| key that is cross-signed by Microsoft.
Qubes Windows Tools includes the Xen Project's Windows PV Drivers.
Impact
-------
If the Xen Project's Windows PV Drivers were compromised at build time,
all Windows qubes that have Qubes Windows Tools (QWT) installed may also
be compromised. If the drivers were not compromised at build time, then
there is no known vulnerability.
Dom0 is not affected, even though the `qubes-windows-tools` package is
installed in dom0, since neither the dom0 package build process nor dom0
itself interprets these driver files. Rather, the purpose of this
package is merely to make the driver files available to the Windows
qubes in which QWT are installed.
Discussion
-----------
We decided to use the Xen Project's official Windows PV Driver binaries
in Qubes Windows Tools (QWT) (rather than building our own binaries from
source) because the Xen Project's official binaries are signed by a
special key that Windows accepts by default, which avoids the need to
enable test-signing mode in Windows when installing the drivers. (We
have no such key.) We used this approach for all versions of QWT
released for Qubes 4.0 (driver version 8.2.1, May 2017), Qubes 4.1
(driver version 8.2.2, April 2019), and Qubes 4.2 (same as Qubes 4.1).
While we have no way to know whether driver versions 8.2.1 or 8.2.2 have
actually been compromised, it is worth noting that if the binaries were
not compromised at build time, they could not have been tampered with
after that time, since they were stored on another system and signed
with a timestamped signature proving they were not modified afterward.
At the time of writing, the Xen Project has not published replacement
binaries signed by a Microsoft-approved key. The process for doing this
has changed since the last version of Windows PV Drivers was released,
and we have no information as to whether or when new signed binaries
will be available. [2]
In order to avoid similar problems in the future, we are working on a
more permanent solution regarding the need for signed PV drivers in QWT.
In the meantime, we will replace the `qubes-windows-tools` package with
a dummy package containing only warning text.
Credits
--------
See the original Xen Security Notice.
References
-----------
[1]
https://lists.xenproject.org/archives/html/xen-announce/2023-07/msg00000.html
[2]
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/install/deprecation-of-software-publisher-certificates-and-commercial-release-certificates
--
The Qubes Security Team
https://www.qubes-os.org/security/
```
*Source*:
<https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-secpack/blob/main/QSBs/qsb-091-2023.txt>
## [Marek
Marczykowski-Górecki](https://www.qubes-os.org/team/#marek-marczykowski-górecki)'s
PGP signature
```
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----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=JLOr
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
```
*Source*:
<https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-secpack/blob/main/QSBs/qsb-091-2023.txt.sig.marmarek>
## [Simon Gaiser (aka
HW42)](https://www.qubes-os.org/team/#simon-gaiser-aka-hw42)'s PGP signature
```
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----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=SZ6e
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
```
*Source*:
<https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-secpack/blob/main/QSBs/qsb-091-2023.txt.sig.simon>
## What is the purpose of this announcement?
The purpose of this announcement is to inform the Qubes community that a new
Qubes security bulletin (QSB) has been published.
## What is a Qubes security bulletin (QSB)?
A Qubes security bulletin (QSB) is a security announcement issued by the [Qubes
security team](https://www.qubes-os.org/security/#qubes-security-team). A QSB
typically provides a summary and impact analysis of one or more
recently-discovered software vulnerabilities, including details about patching
to address them. A list of all QSBs is available
[here](https://www.qubes-os.org/security/qsb/).
## Why should I care about QSBs?
QSBs tell you what actions you must take in order to protect yourself from
recently-discovered security vulnerabilities. In most cases, security
vulnerabilities are addressed by [updating
normally](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/how-to-update/). However, in some cases,
special user action is required. In all cases, the required actions are
detailed in QSBs.
## What are the PGP signatures that accompany QSBs?
A [PGP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy) signature is a
cryptographic [digital
signature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signature) made in accordance
with the [OpenPGP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy#OpenPGP)
standard. PGP signatures can be cryptographically verified with programs like
[GNU Privacy Guard (GPG)](https://gnupg.org/). The Qubes security team
cryptographically signs all QSBs so that Qubes users have a reliable way to
check whether QSBs are genuine. The only way to be certain that a QSB is
authentic is by verifying its PGP signatures.
## Why should I care whether a QSB is authentic?
A forged QSB could deceive you into taking actions that adversely affect the
security of your Qubes OS system, such as installing malware or making
configuration changes that render your system vulnerable to attack. Falsified
QSBs could sow fear, uncertainty, and doubt about the security of Qubes OS or
the status of the Qubes OS Project.
## How do I verify the PGP signatures on a QSB?
The following command-line instructions assume a Linux system with `git` and
`gpg` installed. (See
[here](https://www.qubes-os.org/security/verifying-signatures/#openpgp-software)
for Windows and Mac options.)
1. Obtain the Qubes Master Signing Key (QMSK), e.g.:
```shell_session
$ gpg --fetch-keys
https://keys.qubes-os.org/keys/qubes-master-signing-key.asc
gpg: directory '/home/user/.gnupg' created
gpg: keybox '/home/user/.gnupg/pubring.kbx' created
gpg: requesting key from
'https://keys.qubes-os.org/keys/qubes-master-signing-key.asc'
gpg: /home/user/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
gpg: key DDFA1A3E36879494: public key "Qubes Master Signing Key" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1
```
(See
[here](https://www.qubes-os.org/security/verifying-signatures/#how-to-import-and-authenticate-the-qubes-master-signing-key)
for more ways to obtain the QMSK.)
2. View the fingerprint of the PGP key you just imported. (Note: `gpg>`
indicates a prompt inside of the GnuPG program. Type what appears after it when
prompted.)
```shell_session
$ gpg --edit-key 0x427F11FD0FAA4B080123F01CDDFA1A3E36879494
gpg (GnuPG) 2.2.27; Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
pub rsa4096/DDFA1A3E36879494
created: 2010-04-01 expires: never usage: SC
trust: unknown validity: unknown
[ unknown] (1). Qubes Master Signing Key
gpg> fpr
pub rsa4096/DDFA1A3E36879494 2010-04-01 Qubes Master Signing Key
Primary key fingerprint: 427F 11FD 0FAA 4B08 0123 F01C DDFA 1A3E 3687 9494
```
3. *Important*: At this point, you still don't know whether the key you just
imported is the genuine QMSK or a forgery. In order for this entire procedure
to provide meaningful security benefits, you *must* authenticate the QMSK
out-of-band. *Do not skip this step*! The standard method is to obtain the QMSK
fingerprint from *multiple independent sources in several different ways* and
check to see whether they match the key you just imported. See
[here](https://www.qubes-os.org/security/verifying-signatures/#how-to-import-and-authenticate-the-qubes-master-signing-key)
for more details and ideas for how to do that.
*Tip*: Record the genuine QMSK fingerprint in a safe place (or several) so
that you don't have to repeat this step in the future.
4. Once you are satisfied that you have the genuine QMSK, set its trust level
to 5 ("ultimate"), then quit GnuPG with `q`.
```shell_session
gpg> trust
pub rsa4096/DDFA1A3E36879494
created: 2010-04-01 expires: never usage: SC
trust: unknown validity: unknown
[ unknown] (1). Qubes Master Signing Key
Please decide how far you trust this user to correctly verify other users'
keys
(by looking at passports, checking fingerprints from different sources, etc.)
1 = I don't know or won't say
2 = I do NOT trust
3 = I trust marginally
4 = I trust fully
5 = I trust ultimately
m = back to the main menu
Your decision? 5
Do you really want to set this key to ultimate trust? (y/N) y
pub rsa4096/DDFA1A3E36879494
created: 2010-04-01 expires: never usage: SC
trust: ultimate validity: unknown
[ unknown] (1). Qubes Master Signing Key
Please note that the shown key validity is not necessarily correct
unless you restart the program.
gpg> q
```
5. Use Git to clone the qubes-secpack repo.
```shell_session
$ git clone https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-secpack.git
Cloning into 'qubes-secpack'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 4065, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (1474/1474), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (742/742), done.
remote: Total 4065 (delta 743), reused 1413 (delta 731), pack-reused 2591
Receiving objects: 100% (4065/4065), 1.64 MiB | 2.53 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1910/1910), done.
```
6. Import the included PGP keys. (See our [PGP key
policies](https://www.qubes-os.org/security/pack/#pgp-key-policies) for
important information about these keys.)
```shell_session
$ gpg --import qubes-secpack/keys/*/*
gpg: key 063938BA42CFA724: public key "Marek Marczykowski-Górecki (Qubes OS
signing key)" imported
gpg: qubes-secpack/keys/core-devs/retired: read error: Is a directory
gpg: no valid OpenPGP data found.
gpg: key 8C05216CE09C093C: 1 signature not checked due to a missing key
gpg: key 8C05216CE09C093C: public key "HW42 (Qubes Signing Key)" imported
gpg: key DA0434BC706E1FCF: public key "Simon Gaiser (Qubes OS signing key)"
imported
gpg: key 8CE137352A019A17: 2 signatures not checked due to missing keys
gpg: key 8CE137352A019A17: public key "Andrew David Wong (Qubes
Documentation Signing Key)" imported
gpg: key AAA743B42FBC07A9: public key "Brennan Novak (Qubes Website &
Documentation Signing)" imported
gpg: key B6A0BB95CA74A5C3: public key "Joanna Rutkowska (Qubes Documentation
Signing Key)" imported
gpg: key F32894BE9684938A: public key "Marek Marczykowski-Górecki (Qubes
Documentation Signing Key)" imported
gpg: key 6E7A27B909DAFB92: public key "Hakisho Nukama (Qubes Documentation
Signing Key)" imported
gpg: key 485C7504F27D0A72: 1 signature not checked due to a missing key
gpg: key 485C7504F27D0A72: public key "Sven Semmler (Qubes Documentation
Signing Key)" imported
gpg: key BB52274595B71262: public key "unman (Qubes Documentation Signing
Key)" imported
gpg: key DC2F3678D272F2A8: 1 signature not checked due to a missing key
gpg: key DC2F3678D272F2A8: public key "Wojtek Porczyk (Qubes OS
documentation signing key)" imported
gpg: key FD64F4F9E9720C4D: 1 signature not checked due to a missing key
gpg: key FD64F4F9E9720C4D: public key "Zrubi (Qubes Documentation Signing
Key)" imported
gpg: key DDFA1A3E36879494: "Qubes Master Signing Key" not changed
gpg: key 1848792F9E2795E9: public key "Qubes OS Release 4 Signing Key"
imported
gpg: qubes-secpack/keys/release-keys/retired: read error: Is a directory
gpg: no valid OpenPGP data found.
gpg: key D655A4F21830E06A: public key "Marek Marczykowski-Górecki (Qubes
security pack)" imported
gpg: key ACC2602F3F48CB21: public key "Qubes OS Security Team" imported
gpg: qubes-secpack/keys/security-team/retired: read error: Is a directory
gpg: no valid OpenPGP data found.
gpg: key 4AC18DE1112E1490: public key "Simon Gaiser (Qubes Security Pack
signing key)" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 17
gpg: imported: 16
gpg: unchanged: 1
gpg: marginals needed: 3 completes needed: 1 trust model: pgp
gpg: depth: 0 valid: 1 signed: 6 trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 1u
gpg: depth: 1 valid: 6 signed: 0 trust: 6-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 0u
```
7. Verify signed Git tags.
```shell_session
$ cd qubes-secpack/
$ git tag -v `git describe`
object 266e14a6fae57c9a91362c9ac784d3a891f4d351
type commit
tag marmarek_sec_266e14a6
tagger Marek Marczykowski-Górecki 1677757924 +0100
Tag for commit 266e14a6fae57c9a91362c9ac784d3a891f4d351
gpg: Signature made Thu 02 Mar 2023 03:52:04 AM PST
gpg: using RSA key 2D1771FE4D767EDC76B089FAD655A4F21830E06A
gpg: Good signature from "Marek Marczykowski-Górecki (Qubes security pack)"
[full]
```
The exact output will differ, but the final line should always start with
`gpg: Good signature from...` followed by an appropriate key. The `[full]`
indicates full trust, which this key inherits in virtue of being validly signed
by the QMSK.
8. Verify PGP signatures, e.g.:
```shell_session
$ cd QSBs/
$ gpg --verify qsb-087-2022.txt.sig.marmarek qsb-087-2022.txt
gpg: Signature made Wed 23 Nov 2022 04:05:51 AM PST
gpg: using RSA key 2D1771FE4D767EDC76B089FAD655A4F21830E06A
gpg: Good signature from "Marek Marczykowski-Górecki (Qubes security pack)"
[full]
$ gpg --verify qsb-087-2022.txt.sig.simon qsb-087-2022.txt
gpg: Signature made Wed 23 Nov 2022 03:50:42 AM PST
gpg: using RSA key EA18E7F040C41DDAEFE9AA0F4AC18DE1112E1490
gpg: Good signature from "Simon Gaiser (Qubes Security Pack signing key)"
[full]
$ cd ../canaries/
$ gpg --verify canary-034-2023.txt.sig.marmarek canary-034-2023.txt
gpg: Signature made Thu 02 Mar 2023 03:51:48 AM PST
gpg: using RSA key 2D1771FE4D767EDC76B089FAD655A4F21830E06A
gpg: Good signature from "Marek Marczykowski-Górecki (Qubes security pack)"
[full]
$ gpg --verify canary-034-2023.txt.sig.simon canary-034-2023.txt
gpg: Signature made Thu 02 Mar 2023 01:47:52 AM PST
gpg: using RSA key EA18E7F040C41DDAEFE9AA0F4AC18DE1112E1490
gpg: Good signature from "Simon Gaiser (Qubes Security Pack signing key)"
[full]
```
Again, the exact output will differ, but the final line of output from each
`gpg --verify` command should always start with `gpg: Good signature from...`
followed by an appropriate key.
For this announcement (QSB-091), the commands are:
```
$ gpg --verify qsb-091-2023.txt.sig.marmarek qsb-091-2023.txt
$ gpg --verify qsb-091-2023.txt.sig.simon qsb-091-2023.txt
```
You can also verify the signatures directly from this announcement in addition
to or instead of verifying the files from the qubes-secpack. Simply copy and
paste the QSB-091 text into a plain text file and do the same for both
signature files. Then, perform the same authentication steps as listed above,
substituting the filenames above with the names of the files you just created.
This announcement is also available on the Qubes website:
https://www.qubes-os.org/news/2023/07/27/qsb-091/
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