What can be done with ntpd's code to address the lack of speed in ramping
down the time constant as needed to keep up with changes in the local clock?

> You are observing on a time scale much shorter than the loop time
> constant.  ntpd has an adaptive time constant, and once it has gained
> initial lock, that becomes quite long, as it assumes that offsets are
> due to measurement errors, e.g. due to differential delays out and
> return.  Also, in your case, you may actually have been using the same
> best sample for the whole 15 minutes.
> 
> This strategy will generally give the best solution if the temperatures
> of the oscillators are stable.  Where ntpd can have problems is in not
> ramping down the time constant fast enough if the temperature changes
> and the local clock frequency changes.
> 
> I'm not sure of the exact oversampling rate, but even after the
> approximately 1 out of 8 sampling for the best of the last 8, I believe
> it is still oversampling in relation to the loop time constant.
> 
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