> On Jul 30, 2021, at 5:42 AM, Ian Swett <[email protected]> 
> wrote:
> 
> To frame this in statistical terms, the sum of multiple normal distributions 
> is a normal distribution with the sum of the means and a sum of the 
> variances(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_of_normally_distributed_random_variables).
>   Since the standard deviation is the square root of the variance, the 
> standard deviation is dominated by the largest source of variation, and if 
> each link introduces some variance, it's really only the one that introduces 
> the most variation that matters.

Sure, but that assumes independent distributions which does not much apply in 
this case. But the point is still valid, there will likely be 1-2 problematic 
hops in the entire ~10-20 e2e path.

>  Given no link knows whether it's the dominant source of variation on the 
> path, I'd suggest every link pass along packets as soon as possible.  

Yes.

> Obviously, link-layer error correction and other approaches which increase 
> reliability without introducing delay are still welcome and valuable.

+1, though improved reliability almost always comes at the cost of increased 
delay (rtx, fec, etc.).

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