Simon Urbanek wrote:
On Jan 2, 2010, at 12:17 PM, Laurent Gautier wrote:
On 1/2/10 5:56 PM, Duncan Murdoch wrote:
On 02/01/2010 11:36 AM, Laurent Gautier wrote:
[Disclaimer: what is below reflects my understanding from reading the
R source, others will correct where deemed necessary]
On 1/2/10 12:00 PM, r-devel-requ...@r-project.org wrote:
(...)
I'd also be interested if there is some ideas on the relative efficiency
of the preserve/release mechanism compared to PROTECT/UNPROTECT.
PROTECT/UNPROTECT is trading granularity for speed. It is a stack with
only tow operations possible:
- push 1 object into the stack
- pull (unprotect) N last objects from the stack
UNPROTECT_PTR is also possible, which does a linear search through the
stack and unprotects something possibly deep within it. There is also
REPROTECT which allows you to replace an entry within the stack.
I would guess that UNPROTECT_PTR is more efficient than RecursiveRelease
because it doesn't use so much stack space when it needs to go deep into
the stack to release, but it is possible the compiler recognizes the
tail recursion and RecursiveRelease is implemented efficiently. In that
case it could be more efficient than UNPROTECT_PTR, which has to move
all the other entries down to fill the newly vacated space. Really the
only reliable way to answer efficiency questions like this is to try
both ways and see which works better in your application.
Thanks. I did not know about UNPROTECT_PTR.
I had concerns over the stack usage, but so far it did not prove too much of a problem.
Still, why isn't the tail recursion explicitly made an iteration then ? This would take
the "may be the compiler figures it out, may be not" variable out of the
equation.
Careful - the protection stack (bookkeeping by R) has nothing to do with the C
function call stack hence it has nothing to do with the compiler. The
protection stack is global so usually you don't run out of it unless something
goes horribly wrong (=infinite loop).
I think Laurent was referring to RecursiveRelease, which could use a lot
of C stack if you choose to release something that is deep in the list,
since it checks the head, and if that doesn't match, calls itself again
on the rest of the list. (I checked, and at least one version of gcc
doesn't recognize the tail recursion: it really does generate a
recursive call.)
Laurent asked why it isn't optimized to avoid the recursion: I think
the answer is simply because it is so rarely used that nobody has bothered.
Duncan Murdoch
Another possibility is to maintain your own list or environment of
objects, and just protect/preserve the list as a whole.
Interesting idea, this would let one perform his/her own bookkeeping on the
list/environment. How is R garbage collection checking contained objects ? (I
am thinking performances here, and may be cyclic references).
You don't really want to care because the GC is global for all objects (and
cycles are supported by the GC in R) - so whether you keep it yourself or
Preserve/Release is practically irrelevant (the protection stack is handled
separately).
As for keeping your own list -- if you really care about performance that much
(to be honest in vast majority of cases it doesn't matter) you have to be
careful how you implement it. Technically the fastest way is preallocated
generic vector but it really depends on how you deal with the access so you can
easily perform worse than Preserve/Release if you're not careful.
As a side note - the best way (IMHO) to deal with all those issues is to use
external pointers because a) you get very efficient C finalizers b) you can
directly (and very efficiently) tie lifespan of other objects to the same SEXP
and c) as guardians they can nicely track other objects that hold them.
Cheers,
Simon
L.
Duncan Murdoch
HTH,
L.
Thanks,
Romain
[1]http://lists.r-forge.r-project.org/pipermail/rcpp-devel/
[2]
http://r-forge.r-project.org/plugins/scmsvn/viewcvs.php/pkg/src/RObject.cpp?rev=255&root=rcpp&view=markup
-- Romain Francois Professional R Enthusiast +33(0) 6 28 91 30 30
http://romainfrancois.blog.free.fr |- http://tr.im/IW9B : C++ exceptions
at the R level |- http://tr.im/IlMh : CPP package: exposing C++ objects
`- http://tr.im/HlX9 : new package : bibtex
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