Thanks.
Xiaobo.Gu >>-----Original Message----- >>From: Uwe Ligges [mailto:lig...@statistik.tu-dortmund.de] >>Sent: Wednesday, September 15, 2010 5:06 PM >>To: Xiaobo Gu >>Cc: r-help@r-project.org; '顾小波' >>Subject: Re: [R] assignment by value or reference >> >>See the R Language Definition manual. Since R knows about lazy >>evaluation, it is sometimes neither by reference nor by value. >>If you want to think binary, then "by value" fits better than "by >>reference". >> >>Uwe Ligges >> >> >> >>On 05.09.2010 17:19, Xiaobo Gu wrote: >>> Hi Team, >>> >>> Can you please tell me the rules of assignment in R, by value or >>by reference. >>> >>>> From my about 3 months of experience of part time job of R, it seems most >>times it is by value, especially in function parameter and return values >>assignment; and it is by reference when referencing container sub-objects of >>container objects, such as elements of List objects and row/column objects of >>DataFrame objectes; but it is by value when referencing the smallest unit of >>element of a container object, such as cell of data frame objects. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> Xiaobo.Gu >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> [[alternative HTML version deleted]] >>> >>> ______________________________________________ >>> R-help@r-project.org mailing list >>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help >>> PLEASE do read the posting guide >>http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html >>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. ______________________________________________ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.