This is an eigenvalue problem with 0 on the main diagonal. It is almost always inefficient to find the determinant as an intermediate step. The original poster is looking for the ngative of the eigenvalues of the matrix with the x replaced by zeros.
> tmp <- matrix(c(0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0),4,4) > tmp [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [1,] 0 1 0 0 [2,] 1 0 1 0 [3,] 0 1 0 1 [4,] 0 0 1 0 > eigen(tmp) $values [1] 1.618034 0.618034 -0.618034 -1.618034 $vectors [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [1,] 0.371748 0.601501 0.601501 0.371748 [2,] 0.601501 0.371748 -0.371748 -0.601501 [3,] 0.601501 -0.371748 -0.371748 0.601501 [4,] 0.371748 -0.601501 0.601501 -0.371748 > ee <- eigen(tmp) > ee$values^4 - 3*ee$values^2 + 1 [1] 8.881784e-16 -3.774758e-15 1.776357e-15 -3.108624e-14 > ______________________________________________ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.