Hmmm.. I had actually at one point tried the newer (>R 2.4.0) method of specifying only a logexp link function and using it with the binomial family, and once again, it seems to work as expected for glm's, and not so much with LMER. The error message when using summary() was the same. Here's output from a non-nest exposure logistic regression:
> apfa.lmer.b.b.1<-lmer(Success~MeanAge+I(MeanAge^2)+(1|Territory), data=apfa4, > family=binomial(link="logit"), method="Laplace", control=list(msVerbose=1)) relative tolerance set to 3.18713398786316e-05 0 313.762: 3.69488 -0.100835 0.00165992 0.145015 1 313.758: 3.69488 -0.100834 0.00166623 0.145015 2 313.758: 3.69488 -0.100834 0.00166623 0.145015 3 313.758: 3.69488 -0.100834 0.00166623 0.145015 > str(apfa.lmer.b.b.1) Formal class 'glmer' [package "lme4"] with 33 slots ..@ family :List of 11 .. ..$ family : chr "binomial" .. ..$ link : chr "logit" .. ..$ linkfun :function (mu) .. ..$ linkinv :function (eta) .. ..$ variance :function (mu) .. ..$ dev.resids:function (y, mu, wt) .. ..$ aic :function (y, n, mu, wt, dev) .. ..$ mu.eta :function (eta) .. ..$ initialize: expression({ if (NCOL(y) == 1) { if (is.factor(y)) y <- y != levels(y)[1] n <- rep.int(1, nobs) if (any(y < 0 | y > 1)) stop("y values must be 0 <= y <= 1") mustart <- (weights * y + 0.5)/(weights + 1) m <- weights * y if (any(abs(m - round(m)) > 0.001)) warning("non-integer #successes in a binomial glm!") } else if (NCOL(y) == 2) { if (any(abs(y - round(y)) > 0.001)) warning("non-integer counts in a binomial glm!") n <- y[, 1] + y[, 2] y <- ifelse(n == 0, 0, y[, 1]/n) weights <- weights * n mustart <- (n * y + 0.5)/(n + 1) } else stop("for the binomial family, y must be a vector of 0 and 1's\n", "or a 2 column matrix where col 1 is no. successes and col 2 is no. failures") }) .. ..$ validmu :function (mu) .. ..$ valideta :function (eta) .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "family" ..@ weights : Named num [1:662] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:662] "1" "2" "3" "4" ... ..@ frame :'data.frame': 662 obs. of 4 variables: .. ..$ Success : int [1:662] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... .. ..$ MeanAge : num [1:662] 5.5 12.5 19.5 26.5 33.5 40.5 47.5 54.5 61.5 66.5 ... .. ..$ I(MeanAge^2):Class 'AsIs' num [1:662] 30.2 156.2 380.2 702.2 1122.2 ... .. ..$ Territory : Factor w/ 36 levels "9 MILE","B-1",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... .. ..- attr(*, "terms")=Classes 'terms', 'formula' length 3 Success ~ MeanAge + I(MeanAge^2) + (1 + Territory) .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "variables")= language list(Success, MeanAge, I(MeanAge^2), Territory) .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "factors")= int [1:4, 1:3] 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ... .. .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2 .. .. .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:4] "Success" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" "Territory" .. .. .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" "Territory" .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "term.labels")= chr [1:3] "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" "Territory" .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "order")= int [1:3] 1 1 1 .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "intercept")= int 1 .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "response")= int 1 .. .. .. ..- attr(*, ".Environment")=length 26 <environment> .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "predvars")= language list(Success, MeanAge, I(MeanAge^2), Territory) .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "dataClasses")= Named chr [1:4] "numeric" "numeric" "other" "factor" .. .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:4] "Success" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" "Territory" ..@ call : language lmer(formula = Success ~ MeanAge + I(MeanAge^2) + (1 | Territory), data = apfa4, family = binomial(link = "logit"), method = "Laplace", ... ..@ terms :Classes 'terms', 'formula' length 3 Success ~ MeanAge + I(MeanAge^2) .. .. ..- attr(*, "variables")= language list(Success, MeanAge, I(MeanAge^2)) .. .. ..- attr(*, "factors")= int [1:3, 1:2] 0 1 0 0 0 1 .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2 .. .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "Success" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:2] "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. ..- attr(*, "term.labels")= chr [1:2] "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. ..- attr(*, "order")= int [1:2] 1 1 .. .. ..- attr(*, "intercept")= int 1 .. .. ..- attr(*, "response")= int 1 .. .. ..- attr(*, ".Environment")=length 26 <environment> .. .. ..- attr(*, "predvars")= language list(Success, MeanAge, I(MeanAge^2)) .. .. ..- attr(*, "dataClasses")= Named chr [1:3] "numeric" "numeric" "other" .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:3] "Success" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" ..@ flist :List of 1 .. ..$ Territory: Factor w/ 36 levels "9 MILE","B-1",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... ..@ Zt :Formal class 'dgCMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 6 slots .. .. ..@ i : int [1:662] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... .. .. ..@ p : int [1:663] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 36 662 .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. ..@ x : num [1:662] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... .. .. ..@ factors : list() ..@ X : num [1:662, 1:3] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... .. ..- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2 .. .. ..$ : chr [1:662] "1" "2" "3" "4" ... .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. ..- attr(*, "assign")= int [1:3] 0 1 2 ..@ y : num [1:662] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... ..@ wts : num [1:662] 0.176 0.221 0.256 0.275 0.275 ... ..@ wrkres : num [1:662] 4.44 3.97 3.66 3.50 3.50 ... ..@ cnames :List of 2 .. ..$ Territory: chr "(Intercept)" .. ..$ .fixed : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" ..@ nc : Named int 1 .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr "Territory" ..@ Gp : int [1:2] 0 36 ..@ XtX :Formal class 'dpoMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 5 slots .. .. ..@ x : num [1:9] 39.7 0.0 0.0 1179.4 43661.6 ... .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 3 3 .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. ..@ uplo : chr "U" .. .. ..@ factors : list() ..@ ZtZ :Formal class 'dsCMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 7 slots .. .. ..@ i : int [1:36] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... .. .. ..@ p : int [1:37] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 36 36 .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. ..@ x : num [1:36] 1.416 0.534 1.069 0.529 1.376 ... .. .. ..@ uplo : chr "U" .. .. ..@ factors : list() ..@ ZtX :Formal class 'dgeMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 4 slots .. .. ..@ x : num [1:108] 1.416 0.534 1.069 0.529 1.376 ... .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 36 3 .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. ..@ factors : list() ..@ Zty : num [1:36] 5.47 2.00 1.77 1.98 4.08 ... ..@ Xty : num [1:3] 100 3026 117899 ..@ Omega :List of 1 .. ..$ Territory:Formal class 'dpoMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 5 slots .. .. .. ..@ x : num 6.9 .. .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 1 1 .. .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. .. ..$ : chr "(Intercept)" .. .. .. .. ..$ : chr "(Intercept)" .. .. .. ..@ uplo : chr "U" .. .. .. ..@ factors :List of 1 .. .. .. .. ..$ Cholesky:Formal class 'Cholesky' [package "Matrix"] with 5 slots .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ x : num 2.63 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ uplo : chr "U" .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ diag : chr "N" ..@ L :Formal class 'dCHMsuper' [package "Matrix"] with 9 slots .. .. ..@ x : num [1:36] 2.88 2.73 2.82 2.72 2.88 ... .. .. ..@ super : int [1:37] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... .. .. ..@ pi : int [1:37] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... .. .. ..@ px : int [1:37] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... .. .. ..@ s : int [1:36] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... .. .. ..@ colcount: int [1:36] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... .. .. ..@ perm : int [1:36] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... .. .. ..@ type : int [1:6] 0 1 1 1 1 1 .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 36 36 ..@ RZX :Formal class 'dgeMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 4 slots .. .. ..@ x : num [1:108] 0.491 0.196 0.379 0.194 0.479 ... .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 36 3 .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. ..@ factors : list() ..@ RXX :Formal class 'dtrMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 5 slots .. .. ..@ x : num [1:9] 5.8 0.0 0.0 172.2 92.7 ... .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 3 3 .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. ..@ uplo : chr "U" .. .. ..@ diag : chr "N" ..@ rZy : num [1:36] 1.896 0.733 0.628 0.726 1.419 ... ..@ rXy : num [1:3] 14.54 0.49 2.66 ..@ devComp : Named num [1:8] 662.00 3.00 872.61 6.41 74.81 ... .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:8] "n" "p" "yty" "logryy2" ... ..@ deviance: Named num [1:2] 314 NA .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:2] "ML" "REML" ..@ fixef : num [1:3] 3.69488 -0.10083 0.00167 ..@ ranef : num [1:36] 0.2191 0.0834 -0.1204 0.0827 0.0703 ... ..@ RZXinv :Formal class 'dgeMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 4 slots .. .. ..@ x : num [1:108] 2.12e-313 -1.57e-154 0.00e+00 6.88e-310 9.60e-206 ... .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 36 3 .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. ..@ factors : list() ..@ bVar :List of 1 .. ..$ Territory: num [1, 1, 1:36] 1.84e-299 3.83e-301 1.60e-213 1.34e-300 2.47e-300 ... ..@ gradComp:List of 1 .. ..$ Territory: num [1, 1, 1:4] 2.74e-208 2.74e-208 8.39e-204 2.74e-208 ..@ status : Named int [1:3] 2 0 2 .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:3] "stage" "REML" "glmm" Now, here's the equivalent from using the logexp link function as copied from the "family" help file example: > apfa.lmer.b.1<-lmer(Success~MeanAge+I(MeanAge^2)+(1|Territory), data=apfa4, > family=binomial(link="logexp"(apfa4$Days)), method="Laplace", > control=list(msVerbose=1)) relative tolerance set to 3.49161751721116e-05 0 286.400: 5.55948 -0.0908251 0.00149257 0.145015 1 286.400: 5.55948 -0.0908251 0.00149257 0.145015 > str(apfa.lmer.b.1) Formal class 'glmer' [package "lme4"] with 33 slots ..@ family :List of 11 .. ..$ family : chr "binomial" .. ..$ link : chr [1:662] "logexp(7)" "logexp(7)" "logexp(7)" "logexp(7)" ... .. ..$ linkfun :function (mu) .. .. ..- attr(*, "source")= chr "function(mu) qlogis(mu^(1/days))" .. ..$ linkinv :function (eta) .. .. ..- attr(*, "source")= chr "function(eta) plogis(eta)^days" .. ..$ variance :function (mu) .. ..$ dev.resids:function (y, mu, wt) .. ..$ aic :function (y, n, mu, wt, dev) .. ..$ mu.eta :function (eta) .. .. ..- attr(*, "source")= chr [1:2] "function(eta) days * plogis(eta)^(days-1) *" ... .. ..$ initialize: expression({ if (NCOL(y) == 1) { if (is.factor(y)) y <- y != levels(y)[1] n <- rep.int(1, nobs) if (any(y < 0 | y > 1)) stop("y values must be 0 <= y <= 1") mustart <- (weights * y + 0.5)/(weights + 1) m <- weights * y if (any(abs(m - round(m)) > 0.001)) warning("non-integer #successes in a binomial glm!") } else if (NCOL(y) == 2) { if (any(abs(y - round(y)) > 0.001)) warning("non-integer counts in a binomial glm!") n <- y[, 1] + y[, 2] y <- ifelse(n == 0, 0, y[, 1]/n) weights <- weights * n mustart <- (n * y + 0.5)/(n + 1) } else stop("for the binomial family, y must be a vector of 0 and 1's\n", "or a 2 column matrix where col 1 is no. successes and col 2 is no. failures") }) .. ..$ validmu :function (mu) .. ..$ valideta :function (eta) .. .. ..- attr(*, "source")= chr "function(eta) TRUE" .. ..- attr(*, "class")= chr "family" ..@ weights : Named num [1:662] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:662] "1" "2" "3" "4" ... ..@ frame :'data.frame': 662 obs. of 4 variables: .. ..$ Success : int [1:662] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... .. ..$ MeanAge : num [1:662] 5.5 12.5 19.5 26.5 33.5 40.5 47.5 54.5 61.5 66.5 ... .. ..$ I(MeanAge^2):Class 'AsIs' num [1:662] 30.2 156.2 380.2 702.2 1122.2 ... .. ..$ Territory : Factor w/ 36 levels "9 MILE","B-1",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... .. ..- attr(*, "terms")=Classes 'terms', 'formula' length 3 Success ~ MeanAge + I(MeanAge^2) + (1 + Territory) .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "variables")= language list(Success, MeanAge, I(MeanAge^2), Territory) .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "factors")= int [1:4, 1:3] 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ... .. .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2 .. .. .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:4] "Success" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" "Territory" .. .. .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" "Territory" .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "term.labels")= chr [1:3] "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" "Territory" .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "order")= int [1:3] 1 1 1 .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "intercept")= int 1 .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "response")= int 1 .. .. .. ..- attr(*, ".Environment")=length 25 <environment> .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "predvars")= language list(Success, MeanAge, I(MeanAge^2), Territory) .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "dataClasses")= Named chr [1:4] "numeric" "numeric" "other" "factor" .. .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:4] "Success" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" "Territory" ..@ call : language lmer(formula = Success ~ MeanAge + I(MeanAge^2) + (1 | Territory), data = apfa4, family = binomial(link = logexp(apfa4$Days)), ... ..@ terms :Classes 'terms', 'formula' length 3 Success ~ MeanAge + I(MeanAge^2) .. .. ..- attr(*, "variables")= language list(Success, MeanAge, I(MeanAge^2)) .. .. ..- attr(*, "factors")= int [1:3, 1:2] 0 1 0 0 0 1 .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2 .. .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "Success" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:2] "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. ..- attr(*, "term.labels")= chr [1:2] "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. ..- attr(*, "order")= int [1:2] 1 1 .. .. ..- attr(*, "intercept")= int 1 .. .. ..- attr(*, "response")= int 1 .. .. ..- attr(*, ".Environment")=length 25 <environment> .. .. ..- attr(*, "predvars")= language list(Success, MeanAge, I(MeanAge^2)) .. .. ..- attr(*, "dataClasses")= Named chr [1:3] "numeric" "numeric" "other" .. .. .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:3] "Success" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" ..@ flist :List of 1 .. ..$ Territory: Factor w/ 36 levels "9 MILE","B-1",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... ..@ Zt :Formal class 'dgCMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 6 slots .. .. ..@ i : int [1:662] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... .. .. ..@ p : int [1:663] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 36 662 .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. ..@ x : num [1:662] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... .. .. ..@ factors : list() ..@ X : num [1:662, 1:3] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... .. ..- attr(*, "dimnames")=List of 2 .. .. ..$ : chr [1:662] "1" "2" "3" "4" ... .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. ..- attr(*, "assign")= int [1:3] 0 1 2 ..@ y : num [1:662] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... ..@ wts : num [1:662] NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN ... ..@ wrkres : num [1:662] NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN ... ..@ cnames :List of 2 .. ..$ Territory: chr "(Intercept)" .. ..$ .fixed : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" ..@ nc : Named int 1 .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr "Territory" ..@ Gp : int [1:2] 0 36 ..@ XtX :Formal class 'dpoMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 5 slots .. .. ..@ x : num [1:9] NaN 0 0 NaN NaN 0 NaN NaN NaN .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 3 3 .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. ..@ uplo : chr "U" .. .. ..@ factors : list() ..@ ZtZ :Formal class 'dsCMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 7 slots .. .. ..@ i : int [1:36] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... .. .. ..@ p : int [1:37] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 36 36 .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. ..@ x : num [1:36] NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN ... .. .. ..@ uplo : chr "U" .. .. ..@ factors : list() ..@ ZtX :Formal class 'dgeMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 4 slots .. .. ..@ x : num [1:108] NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN ... .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 36 3 .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. ..@ factors : list() ..@ Zty : num [1:36] NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN ... ..@ Xty : num [1:3] NaN NaN NaN ..@ Omega :List of 1 .. ..$ Territory:Formal class 'dpoMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 5 slots .. .. .. ..@ x : num 6.9 .. .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 1 1 .. .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. .. ..$ : chr "(Intercept)" .. .. .. .. ..$ : chr "(Intercept)" .. .. .. ..@ uplo : chr "U" .. .. .. ..@ factors :List of 1 .. .. .. .. ..$ Cholesky:Formal class 'Cholesky' [package "Matrix"] with 5 slots .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ x : num 2.63 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ uplo : chr "U" .. .. .. .. .. .. ..@ diag : chr "N" ..@ L :Formal class 'dCHMsuper' [package "Matrix"] with 9 slots .. .. ..@ x : num [1:36] NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN ... .. .. ..@ super : int [1:37] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... .. .. ..@ pi : int [1:37] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... .. .. ..@ px : int [1:37] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... .. .. ..@ s : int [1:36] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... .. .. ..@ colcount: int [1:36] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... .. .. ..@ perm : int [1:36] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... .. .. ..@ type : int [1:6] 0 1 1 1 1 1 .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 36 36 ..@ RZX :Formal class 'dgeMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 4 slots .. .. ..@ x : num [1:108] NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN ... .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 36 3 .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. ..@ factors : list() ..@ RXX :Formal class 'dtrMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 5 slots .. .. ..@ x : num [1:9] NaN 0 0 NaN NaN 0 NaN NaN NaN .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 3 3 .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. ..@ uplo : chr "U" .. .. ..@ diag : chr "N" ..@ rZy : num [1:36] NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN ... ..@ rXy : num [1:3] NaN NaN NaN ..@ devComp : Named num [1:8] 662 3 NaN NaN NaN ... .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:8] "n" "p" "yty" "logryy2" ... ..@ deviance: Named num [1:2] NaN NaN .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:2] "ML" "REML" ..@ fixef : num [1:3] 5.55948 -0.09083 0.00149 ..@ ranef : num [1:36] NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN ... ..@ RZXinv :Formal class 'dgeMatrix' [package "Matrix"] with 4 slots .. .. ..@ x : num [1:108] 2.12e-313 -1.57e-154 0.00e+00 7.53e-310 1.74e-206 ... .. .. ..@ Dim : int [1:2] 36 3 .. .. ..@ Dimnames:List of 2 .. .. .. ..$ : NULL .. .. .. ..$ : chr [1:3] "(Intercept)" "MeanAge" "I(MeanAge^2)" .. .. ..@ factors : list() ..@ bVar :List of 1 .. ..$ Territory: num [1, 1, 1:36] 0.00e+00 0.00e+00 0.00e+00 1.76e-315 1.76e-315 ... ..@ gradComp:List of 1 .. ..$ Territory: num [1, 1, 1:4] 2.12e-314 4.24e-314 NaN NaN ..@ status : Named int [1:3] 2 0 2 .. ..- attr(*, "names")= chr [1:3] "stage" "REML" "glmm" It's obvious that there are a lot of NaN's throughout the second example, which I imagine are indicative of something not going as planned, but I'm afraid I'm not familiar enough with the mathematical reality behind these models to know what exactly is going on. To review, here's the logexp link function suggested in the ?family file: logexp <- function(days = 1) { linkfun <- function(mu) qlogis(mu^(1/days)) linkinv <- function(eta) plogis(eta)^days mu.eta <- function(eta) days * plogis(eta)^(days-1) * .Call("logit_mu_eta", eta, PACKAGE = "stats") valideta <- function(eta) TRUE link <- paste("logexp(", days, ")", sep="") structure(list(linkfun = linkfun, linkinv = linkinv, mu.eta = mu.eta, valideta = valideta, name = link), class = "link-glm") } Any ideas? By the way, I am extremely grateful for all of the help so far - I know this sort of thing must be tedious for you. Thank you for putting up with a graduate student whose strength is in finding and following birds, not programming or even thoroughly understanding the complex underpinnings of the sorts of models I blithely attempt to run! cheers, Jessi Brown ______________________________________________ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.