szehon-ho commented on code in PR #55969:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/55969#discussion_r3276324677


##########
sql/pipelines/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/pipelines/autocdc/Scd1BatchProcessor.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.autocdc
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.{functions => F}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util.QuotingUtils
+import org.apache.spark.sql.classic.DataFrame
+import org.apache.spark.util.ArrayImplicits._
+
+/**
+ * Per-microbatch processor for SCD Type 1 AutoCDC flows, complying to the 
specified [[changeArgs]]
+ * configuration.
+ */
+case class Scd1BatchProcessor(changeArgs: ChangeArgs) {
+
+  /**
+   * Deduplicate the incoming CDC microbatch by key, keeping the most recent 
event per key
+   * as ordered by [[ChangeArgs.sequencing]].
+   *
+   * For SCD1 we only care about the most recent (by sequence value) event per 
key. When
+   * multiple events share the same key and the same sequence value, the row 
selected is
+   * non-deterministic and undefined.
+   *
+   * The schema of the returned dataframe matches the schema of the microbatch 
exactly.
+   */
+  def deduplicateMicrobatch(microbatchDf: DataFrame): DataFrame = {
+    // The `max_by` API can only return a single column, so pack/unpack the 
entire row into a
+    // temporary column before and after the `max_by` operation.
+    val winningRowCol = OutOfOrderCdcMergeUtils.tempColName("__winning_row")
+
+    val allMicrobatchColumns =
+      microbatchDf.columns
+        .map(colName => F.col(QuotingUtils.quoteIdentifier(colName)))
+        .toImmutableArraySeq
+
+    microbatchDf
+      .groupBy(changeArgs.keys.map(k => F.col(k.quoted)): _*)

Review Comment:
   actually, i had in mind a similar comment on 
https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/55836 but wanted to wait until I saw the 
use.  Why didn't we just put it in ChangeArgs constructor check ?



##########
sql/pipelines/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/pipelines/autocdc/Scd1BatchProcessor.scala:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.pipelines.autocdc
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.{functions => F}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util.QuotingUtils
+import org.apache.spark.sql.classic.DataFrame
+import org.apache.spark.util.ArrayImplicits._
+
+/**
+ * Per-microbatch processor for SCD Type 1 AutoCDC flows, complying to the 
specified [[changeArgs]]
+ * configuration.
+ */
+case class Scd1BatchProcessor(changeArgs: ChangeArgs) {
+
+  /**
+   * Deduplicate the incoming CDC microbatch by key, keeping the most recent 
event per key
+   * as ordered by [[ChangeArgs.sequencing]].
+   *
+   * For SCD1 we only care about the most recent (by sequence value) event per 
key. When
+   * multiple events share the same key and the same sequence value, the row 
selected is
+   * non-deterministic and undefined.
+   *
+   * The schema of the returned dataframe matches the schema of the microbatch 
exactly.
+   */
+  def deduplicateMicrobatch(microbatchDf: DataFrame): DataFrame = {
+    // The `max_by` API can only return a single column, so pack/unpack the 
entire row into a
+    // temporary column before and after the `max_by` operation.
+    val winningRowCol = OutOfOrderCdcMergeUtils.tempColName("__winning_row")
+
+    val allMicrobatchColumns =
+      microbatchDf.columns
+        .map(colName => F.col(QuotingUtils.quoteIdentifier(colName)))
+        .toImmutableArraySeq
+
+    microbatchDf
+      .groupBy(changeArgs.keys.map(k => F.col(k.quoted)): _*)

Review Comment:
   actually, i had in mind a similar comment on 
https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/55836 but wanted to wait until I saw the 
use.  Why didn't we just put it in ChangeArgs constructor check , if we always 
expect non-empty?



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