HyukjinKwon commented on code in PR #57576:
URL: https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/57576#discussion_r3710418917


##########
sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/CombineApproximatePercentiles.scala:
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@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.optimizer
+
+import scala.collection.mutable
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.InternalRow
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.{AttributeReference, 
Expression, ExprId, GetArrayItem, LeafExpression, Literal, NamedExpression}
+import 
org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.aggregate.{AggregateExpression, 
AggregateMode, ApproximatePercentile}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.codegen.CodegenFallback
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.{Aggregate, LogicalPlan}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.rules.Rule
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.trees.TreePattern.AGGREGATE
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util.GenericArrayData
+import org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SQLConf
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{ArrayType, DoubleType}
+
+private[optimizer] case class PercentileFusionIdentity(
+    aggregateFunctions: Seq[Expression],
+    mode: AggregateMode,
+    isDistinct: Boolean,
+    filter: Option[Expression],
+    percentageBits: Seq[Long])
+
+/**
+ * Foldable percentage array that retains the original scalar aggregate 
structures in equality.
+ *
+ * Fusion removes those structures from the physical aggregate. Keeping them 
here prevents
+ * subquery or exchange reuse from equating plans that were distinct before 
fusion.
+ */
+private[optimizer] case class PercentileFusionArray(identity: 
PercentileFusionIdentity)
+    extends LeafExpression with CodegenFallback {
+  override def foldable: Boolean = true
+  override def nullable: Boolean = false
+  override def dataType: ArrayType = ArrayType(DoubleType, containsNull = 
false)
+
+  private lazy val value = new GenericArrayData(
+    identity.percentageBits.map(java.lang.Double.longBitsToDouble))
+  private lazy val literal = Literal(value, dataType)
+
+  override def eval(input: InternalRow): Any = value
+  override def toString: String = literal.toString
+  override def sql: String = literal.sql
+}
+
+/**
+ * Combines scalar approximate percentiles that can share the same percentile 
digest.
+ *
+ * An approximate percentile digest depends on its input, accuracy, filter, 
distinctness, and
+ * aggregate mode, but not on the percentile requested from the completed 
digest. Consequently,
+ * compatible scalar percentiles can be calculated by one array-valued 
aggregate and projected
+ * back to their original scalar outputs.
+ *
+ * Inputs and filters must retain their original expression structure so that 
floating-point
+ * evaluation and ANSI overflow behavior are preserved. Streaming aggregates 
are left unchanged
+ * to preserve the value schemas of existing checkpoints.
+ */
+object CombineApproximatePercentiles extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
+
+  private case class CompatibilityKey(
+      child: Expression,
+      accuracy: Long,
+      mode: AggregateMode,
+      isDistinct: Boolean,
+      filter: Option[Expression])
+
+  private case class PhysicalCompatibilityKey(
+      child: Expression,
+      percentage: Expression,
+      accuracy: Expression,
+      mode: AggregateMode,
+      isDistinct: Boolean,
+      filter: Option[Expression])
+
+  private def structurallyNormalize(
+      expression: Expression,
+      inputOrdinals: scala.collection.Map[ExprId, Int]): Expression = 
expression.transformUp {
+    case attribute: AttributeReference =>
+      inputOrdinals.get(attribute.exprId) match {
+        case Some(ordinal) => AttributeReference("none", 
attribute.dataType)(ExprId(ordinal))
+        case None => attribute
+      }
+  }
+
+  private def physicalCompatibilityKey(
+      key: CompatibilityKey,
+      percentile: ApproximatePercentile): PhysicalCompatibilityKey = 
PhysicalCompatibilityKey(
+    key.child.canonicalized,
+    percentile.percentageExpression.canonicalized,
+    percentile.accuracyExpression.canonicalized,
+    key.mode,
+    key.isDistinct,
+    key.filter.map(_.canonicalized))
+
+  private def hasSafePhysicalFusion(

Review Comment:
   Optional micro-nit: this builds a temporary `Set` of boxed `Double`s per 
canonical group just to check all percentages are equal. You could 
short-circuit without the allocation -- take the `eval()` iterator and 
`!it.hasNext || { val h = it.next(); it.forall(_ == h) }`. It's optimizer-time 
only and tiny, so purely take-it-or-leave-it.



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