Github user tejasapatil commented on a diff in the pull request:

    https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/16909#discussion_r100818119
  
    --- Diff: 
sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/ExternalAppendOnlyUnsafeRowArray.scala
 ---
    @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
    +/*
    + * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    + * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    + * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    + * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    + * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    + * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    + *
    + *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    + *
    + * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    + * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    + * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    + * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    + * limitations under the License.
    + */
    +
    +package org.apache.spark.sql.execution
    +
    +import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
    +
    +import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer
    +
    +import org.apache.spark.{SparkEnv, TaskContext}
    +import org.apache.spark.internal.Logging
    +import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.InternalRow
    +import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.UnsafeRow
    +import org.apache.spark.util.collection.unsafe.sort.{UnsafeExternalSorter, 
UnsafeSorterIterator}
    +
    +/**
    + * An append-only array for [[UnsafeRow]]s that spills content to disk 
when there is insufficient
    + * space for it to grow.
    + *
    + * Setting spill threshold faces following trade-off:
    + *
    + * - If the spill threshold is too high, the in-memory array may occupy 
more memory than is
    + *   available, resulting in OOM.
    + * - If the spill threshold is too low, we spill frequently and incur 
unnecessary disk writes.
    + *   This may lead to a performance regression compared to the normal case 
of using an
    + *   [[ArrayBuffer]] or [[Array]].
    + */
    +private[sql] class ExternalAppendOnlyUnsafeRowArray(numRowsSpillThreshold: 
Int) extends Logging {
    +  private val inMemoryBuffer: ArrayBuffer[UnsafeRow] = 
ArrayBuffer.empty[UnsafeRow]
    +
    +  private var spillableArray: UnsafeExternalSorter = null
    +  private var numElements = 0
    +
    +  // A counter to keep track of total additions made to this array since 
its creation.
    +  // This helps to invalidate iterators when there are changes done to the 
backing array.
    +  private var modCount: Long = 0
    --- End diff --
    
    No. There is more than that. Apart from `clear()`, even `add()` would be 
regarded as a modification.
    
    The inbuilt iterators (from both `ArrayBuffer` and `UnsafeExternalSorter`) 
once created do not see any new data added. Clients of 
`ExternalAppendOnlyUnsafeRowArray ` may not realise this and think that they 
have read all the data. To prevent that, I have to have such mechanism to 
invalidate existing iterators.
    
    ```
        val buffer = ArrayBuffer.empty[Int]
        buffer.append(1)
    
        val iterator = buffer.iterator
        assert(iterator.hasNext)
        assert(iterator.next() == 1)
    
        buffer.append(2)
        assert(iterator.hasNext)       // <-- THIS FAILS
    ```
    
    Also, when `add()`  transparently switches the backing storage from 
`ArrayBuffer` => `UnsafeExternalSorter` and there was an open iterator created 
over the `ArrayBuffer`, it will lead to `IndexOutOfBoundsException`
    
    ```
        val buffer = ArrayBuffer.empty[Int]
        buffer.append(1)
        buffer.append(2)
    
        val iterator = buffer.iterator
        buffer.clear()
        assert(iterator.hasNext)       // <-- THIS FAILS
      }
    ```


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