Obamacare faces new legal challenge: 
Its 'tax' still violates the Constitution
The Supreme Court saved Obamacare by deeming the law's individual mandate a 
'tax.' But in that case, the law violates the Constitution's 
Origination Clause, which says all tax bills must originate in the 
House, not the Senate. Letting the law stand sets a dangerous precedent.By 
Timothy Sandefur | Christian Science Monitor
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With tax day and IRS forms fresh in their minds, most Americans might think the 
US tax system couldn’t get any more daunting.

But next year, some new complexity kicks in.
One of the hotly debated features of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care 
Act (or “Obamacare”) takes effect in 2014. Under the law’s “individual 
mandate,” nearly everyone who isn’t covered by an employer will have to buy 
health insurance or pay a penalty. This penalty was officially labeled a “tax” 
by the Supreme Court, or at least by five of the justices, in its decision on 
Obamacare last June.
ONE MINUTE DEBATE: 3 views on whether the next Congress should repeal Obamacare
The Obama administration, however, never argued that the individual mandate is 
an exercise of Congress’s taxing authority. And as recently as October, in an 
interview with Rolling Stone magazine, President Obama avoided the “tax” 
justification, and still insisted that the individual mandate is a regulatory 
action authorized by the Commerce Clause.
Just what Americans need: more confusion and ambiguity in their tax law. 
By calling the mandate to buy insurance a “tax,” the court did more than 
trigger new debates 
about semantics. It created a potentially fatal constitutional glitch in the 
law.
Article I, Section 7 of the Constitution says that tax bills – “all bills for 
raising revenue” – must “originate in the House of Representatives.” The 
framers wrote this “Origination Clause” because they recognized the potential 
danger in the taxing power, and 
they wanted to keep it as close as possible to voters. So they entrusted it to 
members of the House, who are elected every two years and have 
smaller constituencies than senators, who represent whole states and 
serve staggered six-year terms.
But Obamacare didn’t follow the constitutional script. Instead of 
originating in the lower chamber, it started in the Senate, when Majority 
Leader Harry Reid took an old bill the House had passed that would have given 
veterans 
tax credits to buy homes, struck out all of that bill’s language, and 
inserted instead the confusing web of provisions that became the 
Affordable Care Act.
ANOTHER VIEW: Obamacare champions personal responsibility. The states that hate 
it don't. (+video)
Was this “gut and amend” ploy valid?
That question is now in front of US District Judge Beryl Howell in Washington, 
D.C., in a challenge to Obamacare filed on behalf of Matt Sissel, an Iowa small 
business owner who was decorated for service as a medic in the Iraq war.
Obamacare was passed hastily, by lawmakers who admitted they had not 
read the bill. The legislation was passed during the holiday season, 
through questionable procedural tricks. It was never popular, and a 
recent Kaiser Family Foundation poll found that only 36 percent of Americans 
currently support the law. Even the Supreme Court’s liberal wing agreed that 
large parts of it were 
unconstitutional. In part of last June’s decision, Justices Stephen Breyer and 
Elena Kagan joined the conservatives to hold that Congress had illegally tried 
to force states to expand their Medicaid rolls.
These are all good reasons not to give a reflexive pass to the law’s 
most controversial aspects – including the way it was enacted.
The Supreme Court has never addressed whether the Senate can evade the 
Origination Clause by hollowing out a House bill and substituting its own tax. 
“If any act violates the Origination Clause, it would seem to be the Affordable 
Care Act,” Randy Barnett, a Georgetown University Law School professor 
and leading constitutional critic of Obamacare, has written.
OPINION: Beyond Obamacare: 5 opinions on health care reform
The Constitution’s procedural guidelines might seem like dry 
formalities. But such procedures were designed to safeguard the rights 
of the American people. And if last June’s Supreme Court decision is not to 
become a precedent for Congress to impose any variety of mandates on Americans 
under the taxing power, courts should take care to enforce 
democratic controls over that power.
Timothy Sandefur is a principal attorney with Pacific Legal Foundation, a 
public-interest legal organization that litigates for limited 
government, individual rights, and free enterprise. He represents small 
business owner Matt Sissel in challenging the constitutionality of the 
Affordable Care Act’s individual mandate “tax.”
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