Carta de la Washington reprezinta o completare a Cartei de la Venetia din 1964.
Practic, Carta de la Washington, care este rezultatul unui studiu realizat pe
parcursul a 12 ani, este nivelul superior, este o completare foarte necesara a
Cartei de la Venetia.
Cladirile istorice nu se pot pastra cum trebuie daca zona respectiva este
afectata. Daca o cladire istorica este inconjurata de blocuri, cum a facut
Ceausescu cu niste biserici ascunse in spatele blocurilor pe bulevardul Unirii,
si cum vrea acum sa faca Videanu pe Calea Victoriei, respectiva cladire isi
pierde enorm din valoare. Desemnarea zonei ca istorica pune in valoare
cladirile. Carta de la Venetia definea metodologiile de pastrare si restaurare
a unei cladiri istorice. Marea lacuna era lipsa prezervarii ca zona, ca arie,
la nivel de cartier istoric, si acest lucru a fost completat cu Carta de la
Washington.
Practic Carta de la Washington are precedenta, este prima care trebuie
aplicata - asadar este imperios necesara definirea zonei istorice, a
cartierului istoric. Pana nu se face acest lucru, Carta de la Washington face
referire la vechea Carta de la Venetia:
6. Until a conservation plan has been adopted, any necessary conservation
activity should be carried out in accordance with the principles and the aims
of this Charter and the Venice Charter.
Necesitatea acestei carte de la Washington, ca o completare a cartei de la
Venetia este subliniata in paragraful:
ICOMOS deems necessary to draw up an international charter for historic towns
and urban areas that will complement "The Venice Charter."
Faptul ca Romania are o legislatie in domeniu extraordinar de slaba si ca
legea 140/2002 desemneaza o zona istorica foarte mica, nici macar un sfert din
zona istorica care s-a pastrat cu greu din comunism, este o mare boala
romaneasca, pentru ca in Romania se incearca de multe ori sa se copieze din
Vest, dar sa se faca prost copierea, si sa se faca neaplicabila, si sa distruga
insasi ideea initiala.
O zicala spune: "mai bine mai putin si bine, decat mult si prost".
In Romania s-a copiat mult din Vest in legislatie in ultimii ani, teoretic
avem legi dar practic sunt neaplicabile.
Legea din 2002 pentru desemnarea "centrului istoric" este o lege
neaplicabila, nu se spune care sunt conditiile pentru a construi cladiri noi in
zona, inaltimi maxime, fatade sau care sunt conditiile pentru a reface fatadele
cladirilor din zona, nu spune care ar putea fi pedepsele pentru cei care
demoleaza cladiri din zona sau fac ilegalitati. Dar cea mai mare hiba este
insasi desemnarea zonei Lipscani-Blanari ca zona istorica, lasand in afara
zonei, chiar la granita, Univesitatea Bucuresti, Universitatea de Arhitectura
Ion Mincu, Palatul Cec, Cercul Militar National, lasand in afara zonei istorice
Palatul Regal, Ateneul Roman, Piata Revolutiei, Piata Romana, bulevardul
Kogalniceanu, Ansamblul Patriarhiei din Dealul Mitropoliei, etc etc....
Avand in vedere toate recentele distrugeri, demolari de pe Calea Victoriei si
agresiuni asupra zonei istorice prin constructii de blocuri turn, este nevoie
urgenta pentru o lege a cartierului istoric din Bucuresti care sa il protejeze
intr-adevar.
Cristian,
- Grupul Civic Bucuresti
Romania News <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
Romania comunista in 1964 nu a participat la sedinta UNESCO / ICOMOS care a
adoptat "Carta de la Venetia" si nu a participat nici la "Carta de la
Washington" din 1987.
Comunistii au urât (au dezagreat) Regatul Roman si au vrut sa distruga si sa
puna in umbra toate ctitoriile si implinirile acelor ani de civilizatie.
Din pacate nu numai comunistii nu au aplicat aceste tratate internationale.
Dupa 1990 societatea romaneasca a alunecat inspre dispute aiuristice, puse la
cale de sistemul de zvonaci ai securistilor, pentru a distrage atentia de la
deceniul furturilor nationale (din anii '90), furturi ale sistemului de
securisti si fosti lingai de os comunist.
Daca in prezent, toate tarile din Uniunea Europeana, SUA, Canada si tarile
civilizate au o lege nationala care sa cuprinda aceste tratate internationale
despre "Ariile Urbane Istorice" sau "Oarasele Istorice" sau "Cartierele
Istorice", Romania are o legislatie in domeniu foarte slaba, care permite
distrugerea (cu buna stiinta, la cheremul hotilor si bisnitarilor din politica
si din primarii), legislatia romaneasca permite distrugerea zonei istorice a
oraselor.
Mai jos este "Carta de la Washington" (1987) pentru a vedea marea prapastie
dintre legea romaneasca si tratatele internationale si legile nationale ale
altor tari civilizate.
[PDF-86 Kb]
CHARTER FOR THE CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC TOWNS AND URBAN AREAS
(Washington Charter - 1987)
Adopted by ICOMOS General Assembly in Washington D.C., October 1987
PREAMBLE AND DEFINITIONS
All urban communities, whether they have developed gradually over time or have
been created deliberately, are an expression of the diversity of societies
throughout history.
This charter concerns historic urban areas, large and small, including cities,
towns and historic centres or quarters, together with their natural and
man-made environments. Beyond their role as historical documents, these areas
embody the values of traditional urban cultures. Today many such areas are
being threatened, physically degraded, damaged or even destroyed, by the impact
of the urban development that follows industrialisation in societies
everywhere.
Faced with this dramatic situation, which often leads to irreversible cultural,
social and even economic losses, the International Council on Monuments and
Sites (ICOMOS) deems it necessary to draw up an international charter for
historic towns and urban areas that will complement the "International Charter
for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites," usually referred
to as "The Venice Charter." This new text defines the principles, objectives,
and methods necessary for the conservation of historic towns and urban areas.
It also seeks to promote the harmony of both private and community life in
these areas and to encourage the preservation of those cultural properties,
however modest in scale, that constitute the memory of mankind.
As set out in the UNESCO "Recommendation Concerning the Safeguarding and
Contemporary Role of Historic Areas" (Warsaw - Nairobi, 1976), and also in
various other international instruments, "the conservation of historic towns
and urban areas" is understood to mean those steps necessary for the
protection, conservation and restoration of such towns and areas as well as
their development and harmonious adaptation to contemporary life.
PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES
1. In order to be most effective, the conservation of historic towns and other
historic urban areas should be an integral part of coherent policies of
economic and social development and of urban and regional planning at every
level.
2. Qualities to be preserved include the historic character of the town or
urban area and all those material and spiritual elements that express this
character, especially:
a) Urban patterns as defined by lots and streets;
b) Relationships between buildings and green and open spaces;
c) The formal appearance, interior and exterior, of buildings as defined by
scale, size, style, construction, materials, colour and decoration;
d) The relationship between the town or urban area and its surrounding setting,
both natural and man-made; and
e) The various functions that the town or urban area has acquired over time.
Any threat to these qualities would compromise the authenticity of the
historic town or urban area.
3. The participation and the involvement of the residents are essential for the
success of the conservation programme and should be encouraged. The
conservation of historic towns and urban areas concerns their residents first
of all.
4. Conservation in a historic town or urban area demands prudence, a systematic
approach and discipline. Rigidity should be avoided since individual cases may
present specific problems.
METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS
5. Planning for the conservation of historic towns and urban areas should be
preceded by multidisciplinary studies.
Conservation plans must address all relevant factors including archaeology,
history, architecture, techniques, sociology and economics.
The principal objectives of the conservation plan should be clearly stated as
should the legal, administrative and financial measures necessary to attain
them.
The conservation plan should aim at ensuring a harmonious relationship between
the historic urban areas and the town as a whole.
The conservation plan should determine which buildings must be preserved, which
should be preserved under certain circumstances and which, under quite
exceptional circumstances, might be expendable.
Before any intervention, existing conditions in the area should be thoroughly
documented.
The conservation plan should be supported by the residents of the historic area.
6. Until a conservation plan has been adopted, any necessary conservation
activity should be carried out in accordance with the principles and the aims
of this Charter and the Venice Charter.
7. Continuing maintenance is crucial to the effective conservation of a
historic town or urban area.
8. New functions and activities should be compatible with the character of the
historic town or urban area.
Adaptation of these areas to contemporary life requires the careful
installation or improvement of public service facilities.
9. The improvement of housing should be one of the basic objectives of
conservation.
10. When it is necessary to construct new buildings or adapt existing ones, the
existing spatial layout should be respected, especially in terms of scale and
lot size.
The introduction of contemporary elements in harmony with the surroundings
should not be discouraged since such features can contribute to the enrichment
of an area.
11. Knowledge of the history of a historic town or urban area should be
expanded through archaeological investigation and appropriate preservation of
archaeological findings.
12. Traffic inside a historic town or urban area must be controlled and parking
areas must be planned so that they do not damage the historic fabric or its
environment.
13. When urban or regional planning provides for the construction of major
motorways, they must not penetrate a historic town or urban area, but they
should improve access to them.
14. Historic towns should be protected against natural disasters and nuisances
such as pollution and vibrations in order to safeguard the heritage and for the
security and well-being of the residents.
Whatever the nature of a disaster affecting a historic town or urban area,
preventative and repair measures must be adapted to the specific character of
the properties concerned.
15. In order to encourage their participation and involvement, a general
information programme should be set up for all residents, beginning with
children of school age.
16. Specialised training should be provided for all those professions concerned
with conservation.
Charter on the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas - 1987
[Français] [Español]
---------------------------------
© ICOMOS
http://www.international.icomos.org
[EMAIL PROTECTED] mise à jour: 05/06/2003 -
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