Since they were requested ...
NOTES ON INSTALLING NMT RT-Linux Kernel-2.2.10+Beta10
====================================================
****> READ ALL THESE NOTES BEFORE PROCEEDING ...
These notes pertain to kernel v2.2.10 and RT-Linux Beta10.
Decide now if you require the kernel in bz2 or gz format.
Since the beta10 real time extensions come in gz format, I
will assume you get the kernel the same way.
Caveat Emptor: these instructions worked for me. Your
mileage may vay. Please report problems (but do not expect me
to fix them). By the way, I am installing this on a dual
Pentium II 350MHz with 256Mb of main memory so all of the
below is just a good mornings work :-)
0. Login as root and watch your typing!
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
1. Get the appropriate kernel from ftp.kernel.org (if the
load is too high try ftp.us.kernel.org or something
appropriate to your country):
% cd /usr/src
% ftp ftp.kernel.org
username: anonymous
password: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
ftp> cd pub/linux/kernel/v2.2
ftp> binary
ftp> get linux-2.2.10.tar.gz
ftp> quit
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
2. Move any old linux directory and unpack the kernel.
% if [ -e linux ]; then mv linux linux.old; fi
% gunzip -c linux-2.2.10.tar.gz | tar xvf -
__OR__
% bunzip2 -c linux-2.2.10.tar.bz2 | tar xvf -
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
3. Go to the linux directory and prepare the kernel. Make
sure the asm include directory points to the correct
directory in the linux source tree for your architechture!
% cd linux
% rm /usr/include/asm /usr/include/linux /usr/include/scsi
% ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/asm-i386 /usr/include/asm
% ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/linux /usr/include/linux
% ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/scsi /usr/include/scsi
% make mrproper
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
4. Configure the kernel for your system. The command "make config"
should work on any dumb terminal but I prefer to use the
menu-driven X-interface:
% make xconfig
Remember to select SMP if you require it plus the enhanced real
time clock support!
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
5. Make the dependencies and clean up before proceeding:
% make dep
% make clean
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
6. Decide which kernel image you want to build. In my humble opinion the
safest at this stage is bzdisk which compresses the kernel and makes
a boot floppy. So, put a floppy in the drive and type:
% make bzdisk
(other options are: % make zImage __OR__ % make bzImage)
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
7. The kernel should make without errors. If you get errors check your
distribution and options and try again. Start at note 1.
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
8. Assuming your kernel built OK, build and install the modules:
% make modules
% make modules_install
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
9. Prepare your machine for a reboot. The following just cleans up
some files (which may not be present on your system):
% rm /var/log/messages
% touch /var/log/messages
% rm /var/log/kernel
% touch /var/log/kernel
% kill -HUP `cat /var/run/syslogd.pid`
If the above commands do not work, ignore them as they are purely
housecleaning options. There is a utility relog appended to do this.
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
10. You can boot from the floppy by putting the floppy in the drive
and typing:
% reboot
The system should boot normally (for your architecture). If it does
not, and you have LILO, try step 11. If both fail, return to step
1 and try again.
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
11. You can boot from the hard drive with LILO. Here I force
the /etc/lilo.conf file to accept a new boot sequence but it
might be easier for you to edit the file with vi, emacs etc.
Be aware that you partition might not be called /dev/hda3!
Note the TABs in the following echo statements.
% cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/bzImage2210
% cp /etc/lilo.conf /etc/lilo.conf.old
% echo "image=/boot/bzImage2210" >> /etc/lilo.conf
% echo " label=linux2210" >> /etc/lilo.conf
% echo " root=/dev/hda3" >> /etc/lilo.conf
% echo " read-only" >> /etc/lilo.conf
% /sbin/lilo
% reboot
and at the LILO: prompt type, linux2210. You should boot the new
kernel directly off the hard disk.
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
12. The rest of these notes assume that the regular linux kernel was
built successfully. Indeed, I am installing the beta10 RT-Linux
extensions from a working system booted with the v2.2.10 kernel.
First, back up the configured kernel tree that you just made
and clean the directories:
% cd /usr/src
% tar czvf /usr/src/linux-2.2.10.tar.gz linux
% cd /usr/src/linux
% make clean
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
13. Unpack the RT-Linux extensions in beta10:
NB: The created directory is /usr/src/beta10/rtl etc!
% cd /usr/src
% gunzip -c beta10.tgz | tar xvf -
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
14. Return to the linux tree and patch the kernel:
% cd /usr/src/linux
% patch -p1 < /usr/src/beta10/kernel_patch > ../patch.beta10 2>&1
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
15. Check the patch file. The output I received is shown below and
reports no errors:
% more ../patch.beta10
patching file `Makefile'
patching file `arch/i386/config.in'
patching file `arch/i386/kernel/entry.S'
patching file `arch/i386/kernel/i386_ksyms.c'
patching file `arch/i386/kernel/io_apic.c'
patching file `arch/i386/kernel/irq.c'
patching file `arch/i386/kernel/irq.h'
patching file `arch/i386/kernel/smp.c'
patching file `arch/i386/kernel/time.c'
patching file `fs/proc/array.c'
patching file `fs/proc/root.c'
patching file `include/asm-i386/irq.h'
patching file `include/asm-i386/rtl_sync.h'
patching file `include/asm-i386/system.h'
patching file `include/asm-i386/timex.h'
patching file `include/linux/cons.h'
patching file `include/linux/major.h'
patching file `include/linux/proc_fs.h'
patching file `include/linux/rtl.h'
patching file `init/main.c'
patching file `kernel/Makefile'
patching file `kernel/ksyms.c'
patching file `kernel/rtl.c'
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
16. Now go back and remake the kernel, modules, modules_install and
reboot from the floppy or hard drive as before. Note that I call
the new image on disk rtImage as opposed to bzImage (but you can
call it whatever you like):
NB: It is here that one must re-do the config as the "Processor Type
and Features" menu now includes the "Hard realtime support" which is
N by default. If you are brave, you could patch your previous .config
file with CONFIG_RTL=y.
% make xconfig
% make dep
% make bzdisk
% make modules
% make modules_install
% rm /var/log/messages
% touch /var/log/messages
% rm /var/log/kernel
% touch /var/log/kernel
% kill -HUP `cat /var/run/syslogd.pid`
% cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/rtImage2210
% cp /etc/lilo.conf /etc/lilo.conf.old
% echo "image=/boot/rtImage2210" >> /etc/lilo.conf
% echo " label=RTL-2210" >> /etc/lilo.conf
% echo " root=/dev/hda3" >> /etc/lilo.conf
% echo " read-only" >> /etc/lilo.conf
% /sbin/lilo
% reboot
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
17. You should now be able to boot the linux kernel modified for
real time performance. The login banner I get is:
Red Hat Linux Release 5.2 (Apollo)
Kernel 2.2.10-RTL_BETA10 on an i686
login:
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
18. Now go to the beta directory and read the READMEFIRST file:
% cd /usr/src/beta10
% more READMEFIRST
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
19. The beta release will not make from the unpacking directory so you
need to change some things around. Also you need to delete all the
old fifos as the major number has changed (and let the rtl make
re-create them):
% cd /usr/src
% mv beta10/rtl rtl
% cd rtl
% pwd
/usr/src/rtl
% rm -i /dev/rtf*
(Alternatively there is a ulility appended to re-create fifos).
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
20. If you require more than 4 fifos, edit the Makefile and copy the
lines making the fifo devices (starting mknod). I prefer fifos 0-9
but you can leave it alone if you wish. Then make the modules:
% make clean
% make
% make install
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
21. Initial test of the release is to insert the modules without error:
% cd /lib/modules/2.2.10-RTL_BETA10/misc
% insmod rtl_time.o
% insmod rtl_sched.o
% insmod rtl_fifo.o
% lsmod
Module Size Used by
rtl_fifo 6768 0 (unused)
rtl_sched 35857 0 (unused)
rtl_time 7348 0 [rtl_sched]
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
22. Try making the examples (but do not run them yet!). They should all
make cleanly:
% cd /usr/src/rtl
% make examples
% cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/compat
% make clean
% make
% cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/fp
% make clean
% make
% cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/frank
% make clean
% make
% cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/measurement
% make clean
% make
% cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/parallel
% make clean
% make
% cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/regression
% make clean
% make
% cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/sound
% make clean
% make
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
23. Test the examples. The makefiles are problematic at this point as
the test targets often refer to the /usr/src/rtl/modules directory which
is empty (the install command in note 20 moves them to the standard
modules directory!).
Note that some of the examples have more options than expressed here.
These tests should verify your installation without hanging anything
up. Should you require more detailed results, read and understand the
code for the separate examples.
Appended below is my rtlinux utility for inserting/removing modules.
Make sure it is executable (chmod a+x rtlinux) and that it resides
in some directory in your $PATH.
% cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/compat
% rtlinux start
% insmod rt_process.o; ./monitor
min: -11, max: 3
min: -15, max: -3
min: -18, max: -6
min: -21, max: -9
min: -11, max: -12
(type ctrl/C when you've seen enough)
% rmmod rt_process
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
% cd /usr/src/rtl/sound
% insmod sound; cat linux.au > /dev/rtf0
(you should hear Linus Torvalds voice albeit with poor clarity)
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
% cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/frank
% insmod frank_module.o; ./frank_app
FIFO 1: Frank
FIFO 2: Zappa
(type ctrl/C when you've seen enough)
% rmmod frank_module
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
% cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/measurements
% insmod rt_process.o; ./monitor
RTL measurement module on CPU 1
About to thread create
created RT-thread
min: 3616, max: 5920
min: 3648, max: 4480
min: 3648, max: 9376
min: 3680, max: 5152
min: 3616, max: 6368
(type ctrl/C when you've seen enough)
% rmmod rt_process
Removing module on CPU 0
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
% cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/regression
% insmod multitask.o
RTL multithread test module on CPU 1
About to thread create
Multitask 0 task starts
Multi task period 20000000 906792800
Multitask 1 task starts
Multi task period 1000000 906850816
created RT-threads
T1
T1
T1
T0
(type % rmmod multitask when you have seen enough)
Removing module on CPU 0
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
% cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/regression
% insmod sched_test.o; ./monitor
About to thread create
Measurement task starts
Measurement task period 20000000 630717984
created RT-thread
(type ctrl/C when you've seen enough)
% rmmod sched_test
Removing module on CPU 1
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
% cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/regression
% insmod rtc_fifo_test.o; ./monitor
Starting RTC measurement module
Requested 8 and got 0
MAXDIFF=0min: 32134; max: 44907
(type ctrl/C when you've seen enough)
% rmmod rtc_fifo_test
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
If you have an oscilliscope, check the parallel port example:
% cd /usr/src/rtl/examples/parallel
% insmod sched_toggle.o
Starting parallel port module
% rmmod sched_toggle
% insmod rtc_toggle.o
Starting parallel port module
Requested 8 and got 1
% rmmod rtc_toggle
CHECK HERE WHEN OK ______
24. Congratulations. RT-Linux is installed and appears to be working.
+===CUT HERE===========================+
#!/bin/sh
#
# Utility : rtlinux
# Author : P N Daly
# Date : 25-June-1999, ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
# Warranty : None, use at own risk
# System : Linux kernel v2.2.10, RT-Linux patch Beta10
# Usage :
# To insert modules
# %./rtlinux start
# To remove modules
# %./rtlinux stop
# To check modules
# %./rtlinux status
# Note that modules in () were not present or not found
# Where are the modules
MOD_DIR=/lib/modules/2.2.10-RTL_BETA10/misc
MOD_FILE=/var/lock/subsys/rtl.modules
# See how we were called
case "$1" in
start|insert)
/bin/touch ${MOD_FILE}
echo -n "Inserting RT-Linux modules: "
if [ -f ${MOD_DIR}/rtl_time.o ] ; then
echo -n " rtl_time"
/sbin/insmod -f ${MOD_DIR}/rtl_time.o || echo -n " not inserted"
fi
if [ -f ${MOD_DIR}/rtl_fifo.o ] ; then
echo -n " rtl_fifo"
/sbin/insmod -f ${MOD_DIR}/rtl_fifo.o || echo -n " not inserted"
fi
if [ -f ${MOD_DIR}/rtl_sched.o ] ; then
echo -n " rtl_sched"
/sbin/insmod -f ${MOD_DIR}/rtl_sched.o || echo -n " not inserted"
fi
if [ -f ${MOD_DIR}/rtl_ipc.o ] ; then
echo -n " rtl_ipc"
/sbin/insmod -f ${MOD_DIR}/rtl_ipc.o || echo -n " not inserted"
fi
echo ""
;;
stop|remove)
echo -n "Removing RT-Linux modules: "
MODINS=`/sbin/lsmod | /bin/grep rtl_ipc`
if [ "$MODINS" ]; then
echo -n " rtl_ipc"
/sbin/rmmod rtl_ipc
else
echo -n " (rtl_ipc)"
fi
MODINS=`/sbin/lsmod | /bin/grep rtl_fifo`
if [ "$MODINS" ]; then
echo -n " rtl_fifo"
/sbin/rmmod rtl_fifo
else
echo -n " (rtl_fifo)"
fi
MODINS=`/sbin/lsmod | /bin/grep rtl_sched`
if [ "$MODINS" ]; then
echo -n " rtl_sched"
/sbin/rmmod rtl_sched
else
echo -n " (rtl_sched)"
fi
MODINS=`/sbin/lsmod | /bin/grep rtl_time`
if [ "$MODINS" ]; then
echo -n " rtl_time"
/sbin/rmmod rtl_time
else
echo -n " (rtl_time)"
fi
echo ""
rm -f ${MOD_FILE}
;;
status)
echo -n "Checking RT-Linux modules: "
MODINS=`/sbin/lsmod | /bin/grep rtl_ipc`
if [ "$MODINS" ]; then
echo -n " rtl_ipc"
else
echo -n " (rtl_ipc)"
fi
MODINS=`/sbin/lsmod | /bin/grep rtl_fifo`
if [ "$MODINS" ]; then
echo -n " rtl_fifo"
else
echo -n " (rtl_fifo)"
fi
MODINS=`/sbin/lsmod | /bin/grep rtl_sched`
if [ "$MODINS" ]; then
echo -n " rtl_sched"
else
echo -n " (rtl_sched)"
fi
MODINS=`/sbin/lsmod | /bin/grep rtl_time`
if [ "$MODINS" ]; then
echo " rtl_time"
else
echo " (rtl_time)"
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage: rtlinux {start|stop|status}"
exit 1
esac
# Exit normally
exit 0
+===CUT HERE===========================+
#!/bin/sh
#
# Utility : mkrtf
# Author : P N Daly
# Date : 25-June-1999, ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
# Warranty : None, use at own risk
# System : Linux kernel v2.2.10
# Usage :
# To (re-)make the fifos for New Mexico Tech RT-Linux
# %./mkrtf 150
# To (re-)make the fifos for DIAPM RTAI
# %./mkrtf 63
# edit this line for the number of fifos to create
NUM_FIFOS=10
# Delete the existing fifos
for file in /dev/rtf*
do
echo "Removing $file"
rm -f $file
done
# make new fifos with the supplied major number
num=0
while [ $num -le $NUM_FIFOS ]
do
echo "Creating /dev/rtf$num with major number $1 minor number $num"
/bin/mknod /dev/rtf$num c $1 $num
num=`/usr/bin/expr $num + 1`
done
# Exit normally
exit 0
+===CUT HERE===========================+
#!/bin/sh
#
# Utility : relog
# Author : P N Daly
# Date : 25-June-1999, ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
# Warranty : None, use at own risk
# System : Linux kernel v2.2.10
# Usage :
# To reset the system log files (/var/log/messages, /var/log/kernel)
# %./relog
# reset the log file
unalias rm
if [ -f /var/log/messages ] ; then
rm /var/log/messages
/bin/touch /var/log/messages
fi
# reset the log file
if [ -f /var/log/kernel ] ; then
rm /var/log/kernel
/bin/touch /var/log/kernel
fi
# restart the system log daemon
kill -HUP `cat /var/run/syslogd.pid`
# exit normally
exit 0
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----
For more information on Real-Time Linux see:
http://www.rtlinux.org/~rtlinux/
