For long term stability, I suppose I may take for granted that the LTS 
Ubuntu version of PostgreSQL would be better then installing through the 
PostgreSQL apt repository.
The documentation I found on post installation setup suggests that 
configuration may not be so diffucult.

Nevertheless I have a question about PostgreSQL superuser properties.
All the information (see for instance at help.ubuntu.com 
<https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PostgreSQL> and at digitalocean.com 
<https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-postgresql-with-your-ruby-on-rails-application-on-ubuntu-14-04>)
 
seems to converge on the necessity of creating a database superuser with 
login name that match my Ubuntu user name with: 

sudo -u postgres createuser --superuser $USER

This, as far as I have understood, would allow the user and client programs 
to connect to the database without requiring a password: would that be 
working for all my Rails applications too?
If instead I chose to set a password with:

sudo -u postgres psql

should this password match my Ubuntu user password or be different?
In case I chose a different password, I wonder in the first place what 
advantages there would be in choosing my Ubuntu login name as PostgreSQL 
superuser.
What is the best choice for Rails: no password, the same Ubuntu user 
password or a different password?
Since in database.yml is recorded exactly this kind of sensitive 
information, I suppose there might be security concerns after pushing the 
application to some Git repository hosting web site and to Heroku. Would 
you rather suggest to edit .pgpass to keep sensitive information out of the 
*.yml file?

Finally, with PostgreSQL both in development and production, is the pg gem 
required?

I would really appreciate any help you can provide.

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