Hello all!

I have been trying to work through the tutorial shown in the Ryu github site, 
using a new Ubuntu 16.04.3 VM and trying to follow the installation 
instructions given (including the optional-requires).  There have been a lot of 
problems with getting pip to install Ryu correctly and to load all of the 
prerequisites, so I am suspicious that there is something wrong with the 
configuration of the ryu-manager.  Right now, where I am at is at the first 
attempt to execute the tutorial's example_switch_13 code.  This fails with the 
following error:

root@laura-XPS-8500:~# ryu-manager --verbose ryu/ryu/app/example_switch_13
lzma module is not available
Registered VCS backend: git
Registered VCS backend: hg
Registered VCS backend: svn
Registered VCS backend: bzr
loading app ryu/ryu/app/example_switch_13
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/ryu-manager", line 11, in <module>
    load_entry_point('ryu==4.16', 'console_scripts', 'ryu-manager')()
  File "/home/laura/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ryu/cmd/manager.py", 
line 98, in main
    app_mgr.load_apps(app_lists)
  File 
"/home/laura/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ryu/base/app_manager.py", line 
415, in load_apps
    cls = self.load_app(app_cls_name)
  File 
"/home/laura/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ryu/base/app_manager.py", line 
392, in load_app
    mod = utils.import_module(name)
  File "/home/laura/.local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ryu/utils.py", line 110, 
in import_module
    return importlib.import_module(modname)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
    __import__(name)
ImportError: Import by filename is not supported.

Googling the error, I see that "import by filename" is not supported by Python 
2.7 (the native Python in Ubuntu for ages).  So I'm not clear where to go from 
here?

Thanks for your help,
Laura

PS: I resolved the "lzma module is not available" by running sudo apt-get 
install python-lzma.  Apparently Python 2.7 doesn't come with an LZMA module 
native, and this was not included as a prerequisite under pip installation or 
in the optional-requires.  I'm not sure if that was the "correct" version of 
LZMA to install or whether pyliblzma was the "correct" one.

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