we have just upgraded one of our very old Linux/Samba servers to version
3.4.2. After the upgrade, the Windows 95/98 clients cannot login to the
server anymore. In the log I see 'NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED' messages for
these clients.

The key word here is "very old". Meanwhile, some Samba defaults changed.
The default for "client lanman auth" is now "No".

If you have Windows 9x clients, you should have the following in your smb.conf file:

client lanman auth = Yes

From the smb.conf (5) man page:

-------------------------------
client lanman auth (G)

This parameter determines whether or not smbclient(8) and other samba client tools will attempt to authenticate itself to servers using the weaker LANMAN password hash. If disabled, only server which support NT password hashes (e.g. Windows NT/2000, Samba, etc... but not Windows 95/98) will be able to be connected from the Samba client.

The LANMAN encrypted response is easily broken, due to its case-insensitive nature, and the choice of algorithm. Clients without Windows 95/98 servers are advised to disable this option.

Disabling this option will also disable the client plaintext auth option.

Likewise, if the client ntlmv2 auth parameter is enabled, then only NTLMv2 logins will be attempted.

Default: client lanman auth = no
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