Wow. I opened this up thinking it was Top 10 FICTIONAL Evil Human Experiments. Ain't no party like a REAL Top 10 Fictional Evil Human Experiment list.
~rave? --- In scifinoir2@yahoogroups.com, "Mr. Worf" <hellomahog...@...> wrote: > > http://listverse.com/2008/03/14/top-10-evil-human-experiments/Top 10 Evil > Human Experiments > > Share This <javascript:void(0)>- Published March 14, 2008 - 343 > Comments<http://listverse.com/2008/03/14/top-10-evil-human-experiments/#idc-container> > > *[WARNING] This list contains descriptions and images of human > experimentation which may cause offense to some readers.]* Human > experimentation and research ethics evolved over time. On occasion, the > subjects of human experimentation have been prisoners, slaves, or even > family > <http://listverse.com/2008/03/14/top-10-evil-human-experiments/#>members. > In some notable cases, doctors have performed experiments on > themselves when they have been unwilling to risk the lives of others. This > is known as self-experimentation. This is a list of the 10 most evil and > unethical experiments carried out on humans. > 10 > Stanford Prison Experiment > > [image: Stanford Prison] > > The Stanford prison experiment was a > psychological<http://listverse.com/2008/03/14/top-10-evil-human-experiments/#>study > of human responses to captivity and its behavioral effects on both > authorities and inmates in prison. The experiment was conducted in 1971 by a > team of researchers led by psychologist Philip Zimbardo at Stanford > University. Undergraduate volunteers played the roles of both guards and > prisoners living in a mock prison in the basement of the Stanford psychology > building. > > Prisoners and guards rapidly adapted to their roles, stepping beyond the > boundaries of what had been predicted and leading to dangerous and > psychologically damaging situations. One-third of the guards were judged to > have exhibited âgenuineâ sadistic tendencies, while many prisoners were > emotionally traumatized and two had to be removed from the experiment early. > Finally, Zimbardo, alarmed at the increasingly abusive anti-social behavior > from his subjects, terminated the entire experiment early. > 9 > The Monster Study > > [image: Stuttering] > > The Monster Study was a stuttering experiment on 22 orphan > children<http://listverse.com/2008/03/14/top-10-evil-human-experiments/#>in > Davenport, Iowa, in 1939 conducted by Wendell Johnson at the > University > of Iowa. Johnson chose one of his graduate students, Mary Tudor, to conduct > the experiment and he supervised her research. After placing the children in > control and experimental groups, Tudor gave positive speech therapy to half > of the children, praising the fluency of their speech, and negative speech > therapy to the other half, belittling the children for every speech > imperfection and telling them they were stutterers. Many of the normal > speaking orphan children who received negative therapy in the experiment > suffered negative psychological effects and some retained speech problems > during the course of their life. Dubbed âThe Monster Studyâ by some of > Johnsonâs peers who were horrified that he would experiment on orphan > children to prove a theory, the experiment was kept hidden for fear > Johnsonâs reputation would be tarnished in the wake of human experiments > conducted by the Nazis during World War II. The University of Iowa publicly > apologized for the Monster Study in 2001. > 8 > Project 4.1 > > [image: 300Px-Project 4.1 Figures] > > Project 4.1 was the designation for a medical study conducted by the United > States of those residents of the Marshall Islands exposed to radioactive > fallout from the March 1, 1954 Castle Bravo nuclear test at Bikini Atoll, > which had an unexpectedly large yield. For the first decade after the test, > the effects were ambiguous and statistically difficult to correlate to > radiation exposure: miscarriages and stillbirths among exposed Rongelap > women doubled in the first five years after the accident, but then returned > to normal; some developmental difficulties and impaired growth appeared in > children, but in no clear-cut pattern. In the decades that followed, though, > the effects were undeniable. Children began to suffer disproportionately > from thyroid > cancer<http://listverse.com/2008/03/14/top-10-evil-human-experiments/#>(due > to exposure to radioiodines), and almost a third of those exposed > developed neoplasms by 1974. > > As a Department of > Energy<http://listverse.com/2008/03/14/top-10-evil-human-experiments/#>Committee > writing on the human radiation experiments wrote, âIt appears to > have been almost immediately apparent to the AEC and the Joint Task Force > running the Castle series that research on radiation effects could be done > in conjunction with the medical treatment of the exposed populations.â The > DOE report also concluded that âThe dual purpose of what is now a DOE > medical program has led to a view by the Marshallese that they were being > used as âguinea pigsâ in a âradiation experiment.ââ > 7 > Project MKULTRA > > [image: Cia Lsd] > > Project MKULTRA, or MK-ULTRA, was the code name for a CIA mind-control > research program, run by the Office of Scientific Intelligence, that began > in the early 1950s and continued at least through the late 1960s. There is > much published evidence that the project involved the surreptitious use of > many types of drugs, as well as other methodologies, to manipulate > individual mental states and to alter brain function. > > Experiments included administering LSD to CIA > employees<http://listverse.com/2008/03/14/top-10-evil-human-experiments/#>, > military personnel, doctors, other government agents, prostitutes, mentally > ill patients, and members of the general public in order to study their > reactions. LSD and other drugs were usually administered without the > subjectâs knowledge and informed consent, a violation of the Nuremberg Code > that the U.S. agreed to follow after WWII. > > Efforts to ârecruitâ subjects were often illegal, even discounting the > fact > that drugs were being administered (though actual use of LSD, for example, > was legal in the United States until October 6, 1966). In Operation Midnight > Climax, the CIA set up several brothels to obtain a selection of men who > would be too embarrassed to talk about the events. The men were dosed with > LSD, and the brothels were equipped with one-way mirrors and the > âsessionsâ > were filmed for later viewing and study. > > In 1973, CIA Director Richard Helms ordered all MKULTRA files destroyed. > Pursuant to this order, most CIA documents regarding the project were > destroyed, making a full investigation of MKULTRA virtually impossible. > 6 > The Aversion Project > > [image: Levine] > > South Africaâs apartheid army forced white lesbian and gay soldiers to > undergo âsex-changeâ operations in the 1970â²s and the 1980â²s, and > submitted > many to chemical castration, electric shock, and other unethical medical > experiments. Although the exact number is not known, former apartheid army > surgeons estimate that as many as 900 forced âsexual reassignmentâ > operations may have been performed between 1971 and 1989 at military > hospitals, as part of a > top-secret<http://listverse.com/2008/03/14/top-10-evil-human-experiments/#>program > to root out homosexuality from the service. > > Army psychiatrists aided by chaplains aggressively ferreted out suspected > homosexuals from the armed forces, sending them discretely to military > psychiatric units, chiefly ward 22 of 1 Military Hospital at > Voortrekkerhoogte, near Pretoria. Those who could not be âcuredâ with > drugs, > aversion shock therapy, hormone treatment, and other radical âpsychiatricâ > means were chemically castrated or given sex-change operations. > > Although several cases of lesbian soldiers abused have been documented so > farâ"including one botched sex-change operationâ"most of the victims appear > to > have been young, 16 to 24-year-old white males drafted into the apartheid > army. > > Dr. Aubrey Levin (the head of the study) is now Clinical Professor in the > Department of Psychiatry (Forensic Division) at the University of Calgaryâs > Medical School. He is also in private practice, as a member in good standing > of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta. > > > > 5 > North Korean Experimentation > > [image: 200403020016 01] > > There have been many reports of North Korean human experimentation. These > reports show human rights abuses similar to those of Nazi and Japanese human > experimentation in World War II. These allegations of human rights abuses > are denied by the North Korean government, who claim that all prisoners in > North Korea are humanely treated. > > One former North Korean woman prisoner tells how 50 healthy women prisoners > were selected and given poisoned cabbage leaves, which all the women had to > eat <http://listverse.com/2008/03/14/top-10-evil-human-experiments/#>despite > cries of distress from those who had already eaten. All 50 were dead > after 20 minutes of vomiting blood and anal bleeding. Refusing to eat would > have meant reprisals against them and their families. > > Kwon Hyok, a former prison Head of Security at Camp 22, described > laboratories equipped respectively for poison gas, suffocation gas and blood > experiments, in which 3 or 4 people, normally a family, are the experimental > subjects. After undergoing medical checks, the chambers are sealed and > poison is injected through a tube, while âscientistsâ observe from above > through glass. Kwon Hyok claims to have watched one family of 2 parents, a > son and a daughter die from suffocating gas, with the parents trying to save > the children using mouth-to-mouth resuscitation for as long as they had the > strength. > 4 > Poison laboratory of the Soviets > > [image: Sovietlab] > > The Poison laboratory of the Soviet secret services, also known as > Laboratory 1, Laboratory 12 and âThe Chamberâ, was a covert poison > research > and development facility of the Soviet secret police agencies. The Soviets > tested a number of deadly poisons on prisoners from the Gulag (âenemies of > the peopleâ), including mustard gas, ricin, digitoxin and many others. The > goal of the experiments was to find a tasteless, odorless chemical that > could not be detected post mortem. Candidate poisons were given to the > victims, with a > meal<http://listverse.com/2008/03/14/top-10-evil-human-experiments/#>or > drink, as âmedicationâ. > > Finally, a preparation with the desired properties called C-2 was developed. > According to witness testimonies, the victim changed physically, became > shorter, weakened quickly, became calm and silent and died within fifteen > minutes. Mairanovsky brought to the laboratory people of varied physical > condition and ages in order to have a more complete picture about the action > of each poison. > > In addition to human experimentation, Mairanovsky personally executed people > with poisons, under the supervision of Pavel Sudoplatov. > 3 > The Tuskegee Syphilis Study > > [image: Event Tuskegee] > > The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male was a clinical > study, conducted between 1932 and 1972 in Tuskegee, Alabama, in which 399 > (plus 201 control group without syphilis) poor â" and mostly illiterate â" > African American sharecroppers were denied treatment for Syphilis. > > This study became notorious because it was conducted without due care to its > subjects, and led to major changes in how patients are protected in clinical > studies. Individuals enrolled in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study did not give > informed consent and were not informed of their diagnosis; instead they were > told they had âbad bloodâ and could receive free medical treatment, rides > to > the clinic, meals and burial insurance in case of death in return for > participating. In 1932, when the study started, standard treatments for > syphilis were toxic, dangerous, and of questionable effectiveness. Part of > the original goal of the study was to determine if patients were better off > not being treated with these toxic remedies. For many participants, > treatment was intentionally denied. Many patients were lied to and given > placebo treatmentsâ"in order to observe the fatal progression of the disease. > > By the end of the study, only 74 of the test subjects were still alive. > Twenty-eight of the men had died directly of syphilis, 100 were dead of > related complications, 40 of their wives had been infected, and 19 of their > children had been born with congenital syphilis. > 2 > Unit 731 > > [image: Unit731S] > > Unit 731 was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and > development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that undertook lethal human > experimentation during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937â"1945) and World > War II. It was responsible for some of the most notorious war crimes carried > out by Japanese personnel. > > Some of the numerous atrocities committed by the commander Shiro Ishii and > others under his command in Unit 731 include: vivisection of living people > (including pregnant women who were impregnated by the doctors), prisoners > had limbs amputated and reattached to other parts of their body, some > prisoners had parts of their bodies frozen and thawed to study the resulting > untreated gangrene. Humans were also used as living test cases for grenades > and flame throwers. Prisoners were injected with strains of diseases, > disguised as vaccinations, to study their effects. To study the effects of > untreated venereal diseases, male and female prisoners were deliberately > infected with syphilis and gonorrhea via rape, then studied. A complete list > of these > horrors<http://listverse.com/2008/03/14/top-10-evil-human-experiments/#>can > be found > here <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_731>. > > Having been granted immunity by the American Occupation Authorities at the > end of the war, Ishii never spent any time in jail for his crimes and died > at the age of 67 of throat cancer. > 1 > Nazi Experiments > > [image: Dachautests] > > Nazi human experimentation was medical experimentation on large numbers of > people by the German Nazi regime in its concentration camps during World War > II. At Auschwitz, under the direction of Dr. Eduard Wirths, selected inmates > were subjected to various experiments which were supposedly designed to help > German military personnel in combat situations, to aid in the recovery of > military personnel that had been injured, and to advance the racial ideology > backed by the Third Reich. > > Experiments on twin children in concentration camps were created to show the > similarities and differences in the genetics and eugenics of twins, as well > as to see if the human body can be unnaturally manipulated. The central > leader of the experiments was Dr. Josef Mengele, who performed experiments > on over 1,500 sets of imprisoned twins, of which fewer than 200 individuals > survived the studies. Dr. Mengele organized the testing of genetics in > twins. The twins were arranged by age and sex and kept in barracks in > between the test, which ranged from the injection of different chemicals > into the eyes of the twins to see if it would change their colors to > literally sewing the twins together in hopes of creating conjoined twins. > > In 1942 the Luftwaffe conducted experiments to learn how to treat > hypothermia. One study forced subjects to endure a tank of ice water for up > to three hours (see image above). Another study placed prisoners naked in > the open for several hours with temperatures below freezing. The > experimenters assessed different ways of rewarming survivors. > > From about July 1942 to about September 1943, experiments to investigate the > effectiveness of sulfonamide, a synthetic antimicrobial agent, were > conducted at Ravensbrück. Wounds inflicted on the subjects were infected > with bacteria such as Streptococcus, gas gangrene, and tetanus. Circulation > of blood was interrupted by tying off blood vessels at both ends of the > wound to create a condition similar to that of a battlefield wound. > Infection was aggravated by forcing wood > shavings<http://listverse.com/2008/03/14/top-10-evil-human-experiments/#>and > ground glass into the wounds. The infection was treated with > sulfonamide > and other drugs to determine their effectiveness. > > This article is licensed under the GFDL > <http://listverse.com/fdl.txt>because it contains text from Wikipedia. > > > -- > Celebrating 10 years of bringing diversity to perversity! > Mahogany at: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mahogany_pleasures_of_darkness/ >
