Random numbers from 1 to 16

2000-06-09 Thread sundor96

What would be the simplest and solid way to generate random numbers from 
1 to 16 only?

I don't have any compilers or languages handy except for an APL 
interpreter that's quite old but still powerful and BASIC that comes with 
the DOS operating system.

I gather there must be some code to do a small pseudo-random number 
generator somewhere?

Thanks,
Adam Sundor




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Software for Reliability Generalization Theory?

2000-06-09 Thread William Chambers

Hello,

Does anyone know of any software that conducts reliability analyses using
the generalizability approach of Cronbach et al?

Bill Chambers





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Re: Data assumptions in Log-linear models

2000-06-09 Thread Anon.

Bojanowscy wrote:
> 
> Hello
> 
> I would be very grateful if anyone of you could give me (in short) a list of
> assumptions about data (dimensions, frequencies in contingency table,
> distribution etc) under which one can perform Loglinear analysis (ML
> estimation).

Log-linear analysis assumes that the data follows a Poisson distribution
- this would be a counting problem (of the sort 'how many butterflies
will fly past me today?')

> ...And, if there are any diffrences, in Logit modelling.
> 
Yes!  This would assume a Binomial distribution - this is sampling from
a finite group with replacement (something like 'of the 25 species of
butterfly in this area, how many have I seen today?).

Both models assume that the observations are independent, and that there
is a constant rate or probability (butterflies may not meet these
assumptions!)

> I've read a few books in the subject (written for social scientists, so not
> very "mathematical"), but I haven't found a full list of assumptions
> underlying these procedures.
> 
The 'classic' is probably McCullagh & Nelder (1989) Generalized Linear
Models (2nd ed., Chapman & Hall).  Although it's primarily aimed at
statisticians, it is quite readable.

Bob (who would rather spend today counting butterflies)

-- 
Bob O'Hara
Metapopulation Research Group
Division of Population Biology
Department of Ecology and Systematics
PO Box 17 (Arkadiankatu 7)
FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
Finland

tel: +358 9 191 7382  fax: +358 9 191 7301 
email: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To induce catatonia, visit:
http://www.helsinki.fi/science/metapop/

I have yet to see any problem, however complicated, which, when you
looked at it in the right way, did not become still more complicated.  -
Poul Anderson


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No Subject

2000-06-09 Thread Nsereko, Musa

unsubscribe SAS-L


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Re: Elliptical plots with 84% bivariate conficence regions

2000-06-09 Thread Donald Burrill

On Wed, 15 Mar 2000, Ralf Sigmund (privat) wrote:

> has anybody an idea, whether the following sentence should be correct?
> 
> 'non-overlapping 84% bivariate confidence regions approximate
> statistically significant differences with p < 0.05. Two-sided test.'

I don't recall having seen a reply to this question.
About the bivariate case I am not certain.  For the univariate case, with 
two independent groups of about the same size, it is roughly correct, if 
the confidence regions are the usual symmetrical intervals.  Analysis:

For convenience assume equal variances in the two groups.  Then the means 
differ (p < 0.05) if the distance between them is > 2 standard errors of 
the difference (i.e., if t > 2) approximately.  For equal sample sizes, 
the standard error of the difference = sqrt(2) times the std. error of 
the mean;  difference between means then > 2.8 std. errors of the mean. 
Half that difference = 1.4 std. errors.  84% confidence interval is 
(mean +/- 1.4 std. errors);  so non-overlapping confidence intervals 
would show that the means were at least 1.4 + 1.4 = 2.8 std. errors 
apart, hence significantly different (p < 0.05).

It is plausible that a similar relationship holds in the bivariate case. 

 
 Donald F. Burrill [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 348 Hyde Hall, Plymouth State College,  [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 MSC #29, Plymouth, NH 03264 603-535-2597
 184 Nashua Road, Bedford, NH 03110  603-471-7128  



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