Re: [AI] Did you hear the one about the computer with a sense ofhumour?

2007-12-16 Thread Subramani L
The problem is: humour is such a natural and instantaneous thing that
any attempt to study it in slow-motion would make a boring analysis of
it. 

Subramani 



-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of mufazal
munshi
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 2:01 PM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] Did you hear the one about the computer with a sense
ofhumour?

that article is not at all funny!! i think i will add a tickle or two to

it!!  it is so long that i almost fell asleep trying to understand the 
technical study involved!! no offense meant to the sender please!!

ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha!
- Original Message - 
From: Sanjay [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 1:05 PM
Subject: [AI] Did you hear the one about the computer with a sense of 
humour?


 The article below is pasted from New Scientist Nov. 24.
 Did you hear the one about the computer with a sense of
  humour?; A physicist has proposed a model explaining
  how information processing in the brain leads to humour
  - and it could herald computers able to tell jokes

 Mark Buchanan

 DID you hear the one about the computer with a sense of humour?
 Didn't think so. Computers can do many things, but stand-up
 comedy is not one of them. Yet the idea that computers can be
 witty might not be all that far-fetched. Perhaps machines need
 not be conscious to understand humour, and even to invent and
 tell jokes.

 Physicist Igor Suslov of the Kapitza Institute for Physical
 Problems in Moscow, Russia, has designed a computer model which
 he says explains the evolution of humour. Our ability to
 experience humour, he suggests, ultimately depends on quirks in
 how the brain handles information.

 As a student, Suslov performed in the university theatre. We
 didn't have much time to write our plays, he recalls. I began
 to wonder if it might be possible to create jokes more or less
 automatically. He didn't work out how back then, but he never
 forgot the problem. Now he thinks he sees at least the broad
 outline of how humour works and why it evolved in the first place.

 Verbal jokes, Suslov suggests, work by drawing the mind into
 error. It first settles on one meaning, and then has to correct
 itself and see another. Take this joke, for example:

 Father (reprovingly): Do you know what happens to liars when they
 die?

 Johnny: Yes sir, they lie still.

 The wit of the line comes from the way the brain pirouettes to
 interpret lie in two different ways. This kind of error, Suslov
 argues, is at the root of most humour, and stems from a
 fundamental difficulty the brain faces when trying to interpret
 incoming data. Whether it's words, sounds or visual images, the
 brain has to link incoming information to patterns it knows from
 experience. Much of this process takes place unconsciously. Only
 when the brain settles on an interpretation for a chunk of data
 does it send that interpretation into consciousness, where it
 might prompt action.

 As Suslov points out, however, to make rapid decisions, the brain
 often has to settle quickly on an interpretation without enough
 information to be sure it is the correct one. Yet it must also
 remain ready to take advantage of further data streaming in,
 which may lead to a better interpretation. Consequently, he says,
 there's just no way a well-functioning brain can entirely avoid
 making these errors of interpretation. The nature of the
 processing algorithm makes mistakes inevitable.

 And that, he claims, also makes humour inevitable. He argues that
 humour is the brain's way of dealing with such errors: a rapid
 emotional response makes us aware of a mistake, and brings new
 information into consciousness especially swiftly. Its
 biological function, says Suslov, is to make brain operations
 more efficient. We laugh as the brain squirms its way out of a
 contradictory state.

 Suslov hasn't yet made a computer that laughs, but he has proposed
 a specific computational model, based on a neural network, that
 would mimic the information processing he describes, and
 necessarily be prone to the same recognition errors
 (www.arxiv.org/abs/0711.2058 ). Ultimately, he suggests, there
 may be no reason why we won't be able to program computers to
 tell and understand jokes .

 The idea is consistent with what we know about the brain, says
 neuroscientist Peter Latham of University College London, but it
 is not clear from Suslov's work why it should be humour that is
 linked to the processing difficulty he describes. There are lots
 of positive emotions that might play the required role, he says.
 And why, he wonders, if humour evolved to solve an internal
 processing problem, does it involve an outward physical display,
 such as laughter, that others can see?

 That characteristic of the humour response, according to biologist
 David Sloan Wilson of Binghamton 

Re: [AI] excise duty exemption

2007-12-16 Thread Subramani L
In most legislations the term is kept conveniently and deliberately
vague and if you ask the relevant authorities, you will be told that
visual impairment is either included or not (in a rule/law), according
to bureaucratic understanding 

Subramani

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Pranav Lal
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 4:05 PM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] excise duty exemption

Isn't blindness included in the category of a physical handicap?

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Anjali
Arora
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 8:47 AM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] excise duty exemption

well the circular only uses the word physically handicap
moreover  this dates back to the times when cars were never customised
for 
locomotor disabilities.
so if uncustomised cars are given to O.H. without charging excise duty
then 
why can't the same be given to vi?
anyway I justwant to know if anyone has tried this relaxation and if so
with

what consequence.
else, I am going to do something about it.
regards

- Original Message - 
From: Prof. S. R. Mittal [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Sent: Friday, December 14, 2007 3:45 PM
Subject: Re: [AI] excise duty exemption


 Dear friends.
 As far as I know the exumption is only for the locomotor handicapped.
If 
 it
 is available to the blind or visually impaired?
 Mittal.
 - Original Message - 
 From: Pranav Lal [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
 Sent: Thursday, December 13, 2007 8:32 PM
 Subject: Re: [AI] excise duty exemption


I did buy a car in my name but did not know about this.

 -Original Message-
 From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Anjali
Arora
 Sent: Thursday, December 13, 2007 6:03 AM
 To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
 Subject: [AI] excise duty exemption

 friends
 has anyone of you ever taken the excise duty exemption to buy  a new
car
 in
 your name? if yes, please contact me off the list for further
 correspondance.
 for others who might be interested in the topic, i'd just like to
provide
 the information that there is an exemption of excise duty for
physically
 handicape on buying a new car in their name. this relaxation is full
of
 hidden meanings which I'll take up at appropriate forum after I have
 complete information.
 generally speaking, this exemption is given to o.h. and not to vi.
 so please let me know if anyone tried buying a new car in their name
and
 has
 taken or were not given the exemption in excise duty.
 much thanks
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Re: [AI] navigating like webpage in MS Word

2007-12-16 Thread Abdul Razique Khan
Thanks my friend
its working
- Original Message - 
From: Jeet [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Sent: Sunday, December 16, 2007 6:59 PM
Subject: Re: [AI] navigating like webpage in MS Word


 Hello abdul,
 the JAWS feature: Navigation quick keys, starting from JAWS 7 Toggle: 
 Insert+Z.
 offers the same thing in word.
 hope this helps, regards, Jitendra from Delhi.
 -- 
 Contact:
 Direct-cell: +919213153776
 Skype:
 Jeet.delhi
 The Scourge Of Authoritarianism Is Intellectualism.


 Quoting Abdul Razique Khan [EMAIL PROTECTED]:

 Hello list members,
 Is there any jaws setting by which we can navigate in a word
 document like we do in a webpage. for instance, pressing the P key
 takes us to the next paragraph. I am expecting a solution to this
 querry.

 Thanks in anticipation
 Abdul
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Re: [AI] inactivity after start up

2007-12-16 Thread Rajesh Parakh
Dear Anjali,
Try this, it may work.
go to run and type msconfig and hit enter, then tab to startup and select 
disable all. then restart your computer, jaws will start immediately after 
windows open.
regards,
rajesh.
- Original Message - 
From: Anjali Arora [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 10:15 AM
Subject: Re: [AI] inactivity after start up


 may be.  but jaws begins after a lot of gap after the window sound..it
 leaves me wondering!
 the thing is, it has begun to happen only recently.
 is there something wrong somewhere?
 how can I make the system become faster?
 thanks
 - Original Message - 
 From: Dr. Rohit Trivedi [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
 Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 12:41 AM
 Subject: Re: [AI] inactivity after start up


 The reason may be that your computer tries to run some software in the
 background. perhaps an antivirus or spyware etc
 Rohit
 - Original Message - 
 From: Anjali Arora [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
 Sent: Thursday, December 13, 2007 7:08 PM
 Subject: [AI] inactivity after start up


 friends,
 my system becomes inactive after start up process is completed.
 it doesn't happen alwaysbut whenever it does I don't know what is 
 the
 best thing to do. I restart the computer from the switch on the cpu.
 please suggest solution and prefered course of action.
 it stops after jaws begins.
 can anyone explain this and suggest what should be done to keep the
 system
 running with certinity?
 I've noticed that it is beginning to take longer time to boot and to 
 shut
 down.
 help please.
 by the way i update AVG  on daily basis.
 so what's the problem and what's the solution?
 thanks
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[AI] Information needed about usher's syndrome

2007-12-16 Thread Shadab Husain
Dear Friends - I wanted to know about usherÂ’s
syndrome- what are the symptoms and preventable steps
etc. Can I read about it online? Your reply will
really oblige me - with best wishes and good luck,
Shadab Husain

Love is seldom mutual


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Re: [AI] on line courses

2007-12-16 Thread Shadab Husain
Hi Sir, this is another email address, and it is
better sending on it because this I got from her
forwarded mail.
[EMAIL PROTECTED]


Love is seldom mutual


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Re: [AI] Ubuntu 7.10 Live CD.

2007-12-16 Thread suresh
Hello friends,

I saw lot of discussion about ubantu in our group.

Can some buddy tel me what is ubantu?

With regards,
Your friend,
M. Suresh Kumar.

- Original Message - 
From: hello gold [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Sent: Friday, December 14, 2007 10:55 AM
Subject: Re: [AI] Ubuntu 7.10 Live CD.


 hello will you send me ubantu threw e mail i am dev?

 On 12/13/07, prakash [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 first insert the cd in cd rom
 when boot from cd/dvd rom message shows press enter
 than a message shows like press f1 for help f2 for vga setting and
 than press f5 for accessibility
 a combo box shows like megnifier ,on-screen keyboard ,screenreader ,
 press three times down arrow to select to screenreader
 and enter on it
 make confirm your selection is screen reader
 and wait after some time orca start speaking
 but some computers takes more time to loading
 the ubuntu depends on computers hardware like ram / cpu / free hard disk
 space
 but its loading
 after finesh loading
 orca speaking
 some commands for do normal tasksin ubuntu
 ault+control+d to go desktop
 ault+f1 to go start menu but its start menu is diffrent to windows start
 menu
 its divide in three panels
 likes windows menus bar
 press left arrow and right arrow to select to menu
 than down arrow to open menu
 ault+ f2 to opens run menu
 ault+1to 0 also do tasks
 likes open web brosser ,opens mail cliaint and so on
 insert+f1 opens orca's menu anywhere
 ault+f4 to close the program
 if you do not start orca on booting time
 you can do after booting
 1. press ault+f2 to open the run menu
 2 type orca in edit box
 3. press enter orca will start speaking
 this is short list of commands
 hope this is helpful for you
 - Original Message -
 From: Subramani L [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
 Sent: Tuesday, December 11, 2007 10:51 AM
 Subject: Re: [AI] Ubuntu 7.10 Live CD.


  Same here. An enthusiastic prof from a local engineering college gave 
  me
  a live cd copy. I followed the instructions of Balaram to try to make
  Orca speak, but failed.
 
  Subramani
 
 
 
  -Original Message-
  From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
  [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Harish
  Kotian
  Sent: Monday, December 10, 2007 10:00 PM
  To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
  Subject: Re: [AI] Ubuntu 7.10 Live CD.
 
  Hi Amiyo
  Incidently, I too tried it today on a live CD.
  It did not speak. I guess we need to install it first.
 
  Interesting with this version, we can start the installation process
  from
  the Ubuntu desktop.
  I did not go ahead with it, do to lack of time for it.
  Harish.
 
  - Original Message -
  From: Amiyo Biswas [EMAIL PROTECTED]
  To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
  Sent: Monday, December 10, 2007 1:09 PM
  Subject: Re: [AI] Ubuntu 7.10 Live CD.
 
 
  Hello,
 
  I have changed the subject line though this is a reply, or rather a
  question
  on an old thread. I have downloaded the Ubuntu 7.10 live cd image. I
  have
  burned the cd also. How can I run it? It takes too much time to load.
  I
  have
  also failed to activate the speech in Orca. Please help.
 
  Best regards,
 
  Amiyo.
 
  Cell: +91-9433464329
 
  - Original Message -
  From: Balaram [EMAIL PROTECTED]
  To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
  Sent: Monday, December 10, 2007 8:37 AM
  Subject: Re: [AI] Files not visible
 
 
  ubuntu itself is absolutely free and the screen reader Orca is
  bundled
  with
  it.
  You can download the latest version of ubuntu by going to ubuntu.com
  or
  you
  can request for a free CD.
  If you prefer to download Ubuntu, you should then write it to a CD
  which
  you
  can use to install Ubuntu.
 
  - Original Message -
  From: FARHAN [EMAIL PROTECTED]
  To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
  Sent: Wednesday, December 05, 2007 8:05 AM
  Subject: Re: [AI] Files not visible
 
 
   o!,i want one thing from you,that the screan reader which is
  running in
   yabuntu absolutely free?
   and where i can get yabuntu?/linix? please help me so that i can
  tried
  it
   out.
   - Original Message -
   From: Balaram [EMAIL PROTECTED]
   To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
   Sent: Wednesday, December 05, 2007 6:38 PM
   Subject: Re: [AI] Files not visible
  
  
   Dear friends,
   adding on the joke,
   if not today tomorrow, Microsoft can really become murda.
   Ubuntu and the bundled screen reader orca is making good progress
  and
  are
   on
   their way to really threatening Windows and the screen readers.
   The problem that I have faced on Ubuntu and orca is brousing
  internet.
   The most positive aspect of Ubuntu is that, we don't have to
  depend
   anybody
   to install it and we don't have to search for motherboard drivers
  to
   enhance
   audio and video performance. Indeed, it has to make progress on
  scanning
   and
   sound editing.
   Though, there are more than useful software packages to fulfil
  these
   needs,
   accessability is a 

Re: [AI] courses on line

2007-12-16 Thread suresh
Dear friend,

Can you please explain how to join this online courses ?


With regards,
M. Suresh Kumar.
- Original Message - 
From: Prof. S. R. Mittal [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 6:50 PM
Subject: [AI] courses on line


 Dear friends.
 This is in continuation of my previous e-mail on the subject mentioned 
 above. Ann foundation wants that those who are interested in pursuing on 
 line courses may write to one of us preferably the moderator who in turn 
 can send all the details to Ann Foundation. similarly, the suggestions to 
 be included in her letter to the pressident of India and the Minister of I 
 T for promoting education of children with blindnessmay also be forwarded 
 to him or me.
 I suggest to the the list members to make use of this opportunity as the 
 courses on line are very useful and free of cost.
 With regards yours sincerely Mittal.
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[AI] Online Courses

2007-12-16 Thread amar jain
Dear AI Members,
This is a information regarding online courses. I am sending the mail
which I got from ANN Foundation.
With Regards,

Hi Amar,

Greetings from New York

Ann Foundation is not offering on line classes but we are trying to
connect you with  schools which are offering free on line classes.

I will soon send you the information so that you can register

Regards

Ann


Ann Moideen
Founder  CEO

Ann Foundation Inc
20 Old Shelter Rock Road
Roslyn,New York 11576
Ph 516-570-0088 Fax 516-570-0088
www.annfoundation.org
[EMAIL PROTECTED]



-- 
AMAR JAIN.
MOBILE:+91 99298 79006.
EMAILS:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
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[AI] Members getting automatically unsubscribed

2007-12-16 Thread harish
Hello all

I got messages of large number of our members getting unsubscribed. I suspect, 
there is some problems at the server or something like that.

If it happens to you or your friends, pl ask them to subscribe again.

Harish.
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[AI] CPU is making a lot of noise

2007-12-16 Thread Shadab Husain
Hi Friends - For the last few days when I boot my
computer for the first time in morning, it makes a lot
of noise. I guess that it is the CPU fan which is
making it. I had to restart my computer to get rid
from it, and after that, it works fine. It happens
every morning - before my breakfast! Can you tell what
is it? Be good. Shadab Husain

Love is seldom mutual


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[AI] Are you ready for a PC-cum-TV?

2007-12-16 Thread sweety bhalla
Are you ready for a PC-cum-TV?

The HP TouchSmart IQ770 is a clear indication of a PC's evolution path. It has 
a touch-screen interface and also doubles up as a TV, personal video recorder
and MP3/CD/DVD player.

The guts of the HP TouchSmart IQ770 are laptop-like components that have been 
custom-fitted into a compact desktop unit. The base unit houses an Asus 
motherboard
built around an Nvidia GeForce Go 6100 chipset, a dual-core AMD Turion 64 
processor running at 1.6GHz, 2GB of dual-channel DDR 2 memory (a realistic 
amount
to run the full version of Vista) and GeForce Go 7600 graphics with 256MB of 
dedicated RAM. The TouchSmart's 19-inch widescreen display functions as both
a viewing screen and a navigation tool.

Microsoft's Tablet PC concept produced a lot of smoke, but precious little to 
fire the imagination. The trouble is, touchscreens are expensive to implement,
and the Windows Desktop graphic user interface is, sadly, inadequate for the 
average prodding finger.

With Touchsmart, HP seems to have realised that there is a need to make some 
software intervention to make a touchscreen Windows PC work and while Vista's
interface scaling makes a big difference in itself, it's HP's SmartCentre 
software (essentially a plug-in for Vista's improved Media Centre interface)
that adds the smart touch. Touch the 'Home' button on the to launch it, and a 
set of big, friendly icons greets the user, ready to be customised.

It's fun to see the HP PhotoSmart Touch application turning the PC into a 
digital photo print station, kind of like the one you see at your local shopping
mall.

Put a HP PhotoSmart A510 compact printer behind the screen and the photos slide 
out of the slot under the screen. Very cool stuff. HP has built a PC that
competes with the current benchmark system, the Apple iMac, at least when it 
comes to design.

In fact, for the most part, HP hopes that people would use the TouchSmart as a 
'screen' rather than a PC -- the mouse and keyboard can be neatly tucked
away and the screen can be angled to be comfortably accessible from a standing 
position.

For watching TV or DVD, the screen will move straight on, and one can retire to 
a more comfortable spot with the Media Centre remote.

For playing music or listening to the radio, there's a keyboard button 
combination for turning off the screen, although it would be better to have a 
hardware
switch on the unit itself. There are plenty of other buttons on the chassis, 
including volume and transport controls. The speakers are good too -- expect
the same quality as with a TV.

The system, on the whole, produces above average performance when set alongside 
comparably-priced systems and HP Touchsmart IQ770 is no impulse buy at Rs
99,990.

Then again, you really should expect to get less performance for your money 
when you consider the sheer convenience and usability of the touchscreen 
technology.

(Sweety Bhalla)
Assistant Manager
IFCI LTD
New Delhi India
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Re: [AI] navigating like webpage in MS Word

2007-12-16 Thread sriram kalyanaraman
Use caps lock and the following letters together
  y- next sentence
  n- previous sentence
  H- for current sentnce
   
  u- next line
  i-current line
  o- previous line
  j- next word
  k-current word
  l- previus word
  Insert+down arrow for say all.
   
  The above keys are for laptops
   
  For desk top, use insert key and all te number lock keys for the same.
   
  Hope this helps,
  K. Sriram   

Abdul Razique Khan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  Hello list members,
Is there any jaws setting by which we can navigate in a word document like we 
do in a webpage. for instance, pressing the P key takes us to the next 
paragraph. I am expecting a solution to this querry.

Thanks in anticipation
Abdul
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-
 Unlimited freedom, unlimited storage. Get it now
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[AI] test

2007-12-16 Thread Rajesh Asudani
please reply to my personal id if the message reaches the group.



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Re: [AI] a problem in opening the links in the hindu

2007-12-16 Thread Vetrivel Adhimoolam
Try deleting history and all the other temporary internet files. You'll find 
them under internet options.

Vetri.

- Original Message - 
From: renuka warriar
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Sent: Wednesday, December 12, 2007 1:21 AM
Subject: [AI] a problem in opening the links in the hindu


Hi friends,
I used to read the Hindu news paper every day, but from yesterday onwards, 
whenever I tried to open the links of the states, this dialogue  appears 
Error - http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pag...
We can't find  http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pag...;
Error -  Invalid syntax
http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-6238405171313215dt=1197439591500lmt=1197409562prev_fmts=468x60_
Find It.


What could be the meaning of it?  Does everybody face this problem?  Is 
there any remedy for it?

Hoping for a favourable reply,

Renuka.
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[AI] Test mail please ignore

2007-12-16 Thread Vetrivel Adhimoolam

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Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

2007-12-16 Thread sriram kalyanaraman
Samarthanam , Matruchaya and NAB started computer education in Bangalore. You 
could write to them for more details. In Chennai, NIVH and Ability foundation 
have computer traning centers. You should not only discuss about English 
computer education but also regional language education. IITM and some other 
institituions developed this software. Vidya Vriksha taught this to interested 
students (as far as IITM software.)  
  Central Univesrity Hyderabad has a center along with CEFOL.
   
  Best wishes,
  K. Sriram 

Subramani L [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  It's a pitty that no one got write a book on the subject. Besides
academic interest, this would serve as an authentic record for the work
done in India.

Subramani 

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Vetrivel
Adhimoolam
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 8:20 PM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

I think that's correct. Also I have to say that NAB Delhi played a
crucial 
role in identifying and prioritizing appropriate screen reading
softwares 
for visually challenged in India. Say for example the hole transition
from 
MS das to Windows based screen readers like JAWS. So computer education
for 
visually challenged should also be analyzed in the context of the
evolution 
of the screen readers themselves.

- Original Message - 
From: Dinesh Kaushal
To: 'K Ramkrishna' ; accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 7:45 AM
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india


Well I took training in NAB delhi in May 1996, and I think NAB delhi
started
it in 1995 or 1994, I am sure it started in or before 1995


Regards
Dinesh Kaushal

blog at
dineshkaushal.blogspot.com

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of K
Ramkrishna
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 10:14 AM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

Dear Vimal,

I may not be able to tell you the entire story of computer education for
the
blind in India. But, I would like to mention that the Indian Association
for
the Visually Handicap (IAVH) in Mumbai, started the first such venture
in
our country in November 1997. The project was funded by IDBI and HDFC
bank
and the center was established at the university clubhouse in Churchgate
Mumbai. Mr. Ram Agarwal of Karishma Enterprises, Mr. Prakash Didwania,
Mr.
Arwind Bhartia and myself were the founder trusties of IAVH and our
mission
was to avail the access and other technology products and services to
the
blind and these shouldn't be denied to them, just because they couldn't
afford such expensive things. Subsequently, Victoria Memorial school for
the
blind with the support of IBM and Voice Vision of Mumbai started
computer
education for the blind. NAB New Delhi also has such facilities. IAVH
also
started this in Huydrabad, but this couldn't be run for long. Rest,
other
members can respond.
- Original Message -
From: vimaldengla 
To: 
Sent: Friday, December 14, 2007 3:44 PM
Subject: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india


 dear friends,
 please tell me the details about the computer education for the blind,
 when was it started and who played the main role in starting the
 computer education in India. please send me the complete history of
 the computer education of the blind in India.
 you can send the reply to my personal id [EMAIL PROTECTED],
 [EMAIL PROTECTED] from vimal dengla mob. 09414244549.
 To unsubscribe send a message to
 [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 with the subject unsubscribe.

 To change your subscription to digest mode or make any other changes,
 please visit the list home page at
 http://accessindia.org.in/mailman/listinfo/accessindia_accessindia.org
 .in



To unsubscribe send a message to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
with
the subject unsubscribe.

To change your subscription to digest mode or make any other changes,
please
visit the list home page at

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n


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with 
the subject unsubscribe.

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visit the list home page at

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n
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n

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-
 5, 50, 500, 

[AI] important information

2007-12-16 Thread Subramani L
Folks:

Yesterday, there was a talk delivered by one Dr. Agarwal from the US
about artificial retinal implant. The talk was organised by Narayana
Nethralaya in Bangalore and the discussion was about how the implant
works  (I am awaiting more details on this) and the doctor seem to have
spoken about some success stories in the US. 

He also informed my friend, who attended the talk, that researches are
going on in Switzerland, Germany and Japan (which is taking a different
approach to the treatment) and artificial implant is likely to be the
path breaking one to cure RP, though other approaches like stem cells
are also being tried by doctors across the globe. 

I would share with you the treatment details once I get it and also keep
you posted about how one can avail the treatment in the US, so that at
least some of us can try it out. 

Subramani 



-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of sriram
kalyanaraman
Sent: Monday, December 17, 2007 11:37 AM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

Samarthanam , Matruchaya and NAB started computer education in
Bangalore. You could write to them for more details. In Chennai, NIVH
and Ability foundation have computer traning centers. You should not
only discuss about English computer education but also regional language
education. IITM and some other institituions developed this software.
Vidya Vriksha taught this to interested students (as far as IITM
software.)  
  Central Univesrity Hyderabad has a center along with CEFOL.
   
  Best wishes,
  K. Sriram 

Subramani L [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  It's a pitty that no one got write a book on the subject. Besides
academic interest, this would serve as an authentic record for the work
done in India.

Subramani 

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Vetrivel
Adhimoolam
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 8:20 PM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

I think that's correct. Also I have to say that NAB Delhi played a
crucial 
role in identifying and prioritizing appropriate screen reading
softwares 
for visually challenged in India. Say for example the hole transition
from 
MS das to Windows based screen readers like JAWS. So computer education
for 
visually challenged should also be analyzed in the context of the
evolution 
of the screen readers themselves.

- Original Message - 
From: Dinesh Kaushal
To: 'K Ramkrishna' ; accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 7:45 AM
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india


Well I took training in NAB delhi in May 1996, and I think NAB delhi
started
it in 1995 or 1994, I am sure it started in or before 1995


Regards
Dinesh Kaushal

blog at
dineshkaushal.blogspot.com

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of K
Ramkrishna
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 10:14 AM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

Dear Vimal,

I may not be able to tell you the entire story of computer education for
the
blind in India. But, I would like to mention that the Indian Association
for
the Visually Handicap (IAVH) in Mumbai, started the first such venture
in
our country in November 1997. The project was funded by IDBI and HDFC
bank
and the center was established at the university clubhouse in Churchgate
Mumbai. Mr. Ram Agarwal of Karishma Enterprises, Mr. Prakash Didwania,
Mr.
Arwind Bhartia and myself were the founder trusties of IAVH and our
mission
was to avail the access and other technology products and services to
the
blind and these shouldn't be denied to them, just because they couldn't
afford such expensive things. Subsequently, Victoria Memorial school for
the
blind with the support of IBM and Voice Vision of Mumbai started
computer
education for the blind. NAB New Delhi also has such facilities. IAVH
also
started this in Huydrabad, but this couldn't be run for long. Rest,
other
members can respond.
- Original Message -
From: vimaldengla 
To: 
Sent: Friday, December 14, 2007 3:44 PM
Subject: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india


 dear friends,
 please tell me the details about the computer education for the blind,
 when was it started and who played the main role in starting the
 computer education in India. please send me the complete history of
 the computer education of the blind in India.
 you can send the reply to my personal id [EMAIL PROTECTED],
 [EMAIL PROTECTED] from vimal dengla mob. 09414244549.
 To unsubscribe send a message to
 [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 with the subject unsubscribe.

 To change your subscription to digest mode or make any other changes,
 please visit the list home page at
 http://accessindia.org.in/mailman/listinfo/accessindia_accessindia.org
 .in




Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

2007-12-16 Thread Vetrivel Adhimoolam
That's indeed correct. But the crucial point is though, very few 
organizations have played a major role in making visually challenged mostly 
to be independent users by effectively teaching them basic Windows and some 
other softwares. Some of such organizations even went a step ahead in 
providing lones for buying computers. Those are actual landmarks and a 
historical look at computer education certainly needs to acknowledge this 
face. Another significant element is that the computer education itself 
being sadly misused by some visually challenged users. For example it has 
come to my notice that some actually tried charging thousands of rupees just 
for installing JAWS for new visually challenged users. So a true history of 
computer education in my view should take in to account this exploitative 
element as well.


- Original Message - 
From: sriram kalyanaraman
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Sent: Monday, December 17, 2007 1:07 AM
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india


Samarthanam , Matruchaya and NAB started computer education in Bangalore. 
You could write to them for more details. In Chennai, NIVH and Ability 
foundation have computer traning centers. You should not only discuss about 
English computer education but also regional language education. IITM and 
some other institituions developed this software. Vidya Vriksha taught this 
to interested students (as far as IITM software.)
  Central Univesrity Hyderabad has a center along with CEFOL.

  Best wishes,
  K. Sriram

Subramani L [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  It's a pitty that no one got write a book on the subject. Besides
academic interest, this would serve as an authentic record for the work
done in India.

Subramani

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Vetrivel
Adhimoolam
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 8:20 PM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

I think that's correct. Also I have to say that NAB Delhi played a
crucial
role in identifying and prioritizing appropriate screen reading
softwares
for visually challenged in India. Say for example the hole transition
from
MS das to Windows based screen readers like JAWS. So computer education
for
visually challenged should also be analyzed in the context of the
evolution
of the screen readers themselves.

- Original Message - 
From: Dinesh Kaushal
To: 'K Ramkrishna' ; accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 7:45 AM
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india


Well I took training in NAB delhi in May 1996, and I think NAB delhi
started
it in 1995 or 1994, I am sure it started in or before 1995


Regards
Dinesh Kaushal

blog at
dineshkaushal.blogspot.com

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of K
Ramkrishna
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 10:14 AM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

Dear Vimal,

I may not be able to tell you the entire story of computer education for
the
blind in India. But, I would like to mention that the Indian Association
for
the Visually Handicap (IAVH) in Mumbai, started the first such venture
in
our country in November 1997. The project was funded by IDBI and HDFC
bank
and the center was established at the university clubhouse in Churchgate
Mumbai. Mr. Ram Agarwal of Karishma Enterprises, Mr. Prakash Didwania,
Mr.
Arwind Bhartia and myself were the founder trusties of IAVH and our
mission
was to avail the access and other technology products and services to
the
blind and these shouldn't be denied to them, just because they couldn't
afford such expensive things. Subsequently, Victoria Memorial school for
the
blind with the support of IBM and Voice Vision of Mumbai started
computer
education for the blind. NAB New Delhi also has such facilities. IAVH
also
started this in Huydrabad, but this couldn't be run for long. Rest,
other
members can respond.
- Original Message -
From: vimaldengla
To:
Sent: Friday, December 14, 2007 3:44 PM
Subject: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india


 dear friends,
 please tell me the details about the computer education for the blind,
 when was it started and who played the main role in starting the
 computer education in India. please send me the complete history of
 the computer education of the blind in India.
 you can send the reply to my personal id [EMAIL PROTECTED],
 [EMAIL PROTECTED] from vimal dengla mob. 09414244549.
 To unsubscribe send a message to
 [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 with the subject unsubscribe.

 To change your subscription to digest mode or make any other changes,
 please visit the list home page at
 http://accessindia.org.in/mailman/listinfo/accessindia_accessindia.org
 .in



To unsubscribe send a message to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
with
the subject unsubscribe.

To change 

Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

2007-12-16 Thread Amiyo Biswas
Hello,

I think, Computer was used by the vlind people in the early nineties in
India. As far as I heard, K. Ramkrishna was one of the early users. Harish
kotian also used the DOS-based tiny talk in the nineties. As regards
Kolkata, NAB started here a small venture in 1992 or 1993. But it did not
continue for long and I never found anybody using a pc until 2000 in
Kolkata. In fact, computer was too costly in the nineties for personal use.

NAB again started computer education here in the year 2000 and I was a
student of that year. Mohammed Asif Iqbal, a fellow member on our list, was
our teacher at NAB. I hope, Harish and Ramkrishna will be able to tell more
about the beginning of computer education in India.

Best regards,

Amiyo.

Cell: +91-9433464329

- Original Message -
From: sriram kalyanaraman [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Sent: Monday, December 17, 2007 11:37 AM
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india


 Samarthanam , Matruchaya and NAB started computer education in Bangalore.
You could write to them for more details. In Chennai, NIVH and Ability
foundation have computer traning centers. You should not only discuss about
English computer education but also regional language education. IITM and
some other institituions developed this software. Vidya Vriksha taught this
to interested students (as far as IITM software.)
   Central Univesrity Hyderabad has a center along with CEFOL.

   Best wishes,
   K. Sriram

 Subramani L [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
   It's a pitty that no one got write a book on the subject. Besides
 academic interest, this would serve as an authentic record for the work
 done in India.

 Subramani

 -Original Message-
 From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Vetrivel
 Adhimoolam
 Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 8:20 PM
 To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
 Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

 I think that's correct. Also I have to say that NAB Delhi played a
 crucial
 role in identifying and prioritizing appropriate screen reading
 softwares
 for visually challenged in India. Say for example the hole transition
 from
 MS das to Windows based screen readers like JAWS. So computer education
 for
 visually challenged should also be analyzed in the context of the
 evolution
 of the screen readers themselves.

 - Original Message -
 From: Dinesh Kaushal
 To: 'K Ramkrishna' ; accessindia@accessindia.org.in
 Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 7:45 AM
 Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india


 Well I took training in NAB delhi in May 1996, and I think NAB delhi
 started
 it in 1995 or 1994, I am sure it started in or before 1995


 Regards
 Dinesh Kaushal

 blog at
 dineshkaushal.blogspot.com

 -Original Message-
 From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of K
 Ramkrishna
 Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 10:14 AM
 To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
 Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

 Dear Vimal,

 I may not be able to tell you the entire story of computer education for
 the
 blind in India. But, I would like to mention that the Indian Association
 for
 the Visually Handicap (IAVH) in Mumbai, started the first such venture
 in
 our country in November 1997. The project was funded by IDBI and HDFC
 bank
 and the center was established at the university clubhouse in Churchgate
 Mumbai. Mr. Ram Agarwal of Karishma Enterprises, Mr. Prakash Didwania,
 Mr.
 Arwind Bhartia and myself were the founder trusties of IAVH and our
 mission
 was to avail the access and other technology products and services to
 the
 blind and these shouldn't be denied to them, just because they couldn't
 afford such expensive things. Subsequently, Victoria Memorial school for
 the
 blind with the support of IBM and Voice Vision of Mumbai started
 computer
 education for the blind. NAB New Delhi also has such facilities. IAVH
 also
 started this in Huydrabad, but this couldn't be run for long. Rest,
 other
 members can respond.
 - Original Message -
 From: vimaldengla
 To:
 Sent: Friday, December 14, 2007 3:44 PM
 Subject: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india


  dear friends,
  please tell me the details about the computer education for the blind,
  when was it started and who played the main role in starting the
  computer education in India. please send me the complete history of
  the computer education of the blind in India.
  you can send the reply to my personal id [EMAIL PROTECTED],
  [EMAIL PROTECTED] from vimal dengla mob. 09414244549.
  To unsubscribe send a message to
  [EMAIL PROTECTED]
  with the subject unsubscribe.
 
  To change your subscription to digest mode or make any other changes,
  please visit the list home page at
  http://accessindia.org.in/mailman/listinfo/accessindia_accessindia.org
  .in
 


 To unsubscribe send a message to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 with
 

Re: [AI] important information

2007-12-16 Thread Dinesh Kaushal
In my view, artificial retina is not as good an option as stem cell, as stem
cell help to develop our own retina rather than an external device implanted
in our eyes.

I also feel (I may be wrong) that once external devices added in our eyes,
it would be harder to switch to natural development of retina.

Regards
Dinesh Kaushal

blog at 
dineshkaushal.blogspot.com

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Subramani L
Sent: Monday, December 17, 2007 12:12 PM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: [AI] important information

Folks:

Yesterday, there was a talk delivered by one Dr. Agarwal from the US about
artificial retinal implant. The talk was organised by Narayana Nethralaya in
Bangalore and the discussion was about how the implant works  (I am awaiting
more details on this) and the doctor seem to have spoken about some success
stories in the US. 

He also informed my friend, who attended the talk, that researches are going
on in Switzerland, Germany and Japan (which is taking a different approach
to the treatment) and artificial implant is likely to be the path breaking
one to cure RP, though other approaches like stem cells are also being tried
by doctors across the globe. 

I would share with you the treatment details once I get it and also keep you
posted about how one can avail the treatment in the US, so that at least
some of us can try it out. 

Subramani 



-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of sriram
kalyanaraman
Sent: Monday, December 17, 2007 11:37 AM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

Samarthanam , Matruchaya and NAB started computer education in Bangalore.
You could write to them for more details. In Chennai, NIVH and Ability
foundation have computer traning centers. You should not only discuss about
English computer education but also regional language education. IITM and
some other institituions developed this software.
Vidya Vriksha taught this to interested students (as far as IITM
software.)
  Central Univesrity Hyderabad has a center along with CEFOL.
   
  Best wishes,
  K. Sriram 

Subramani L [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  It's a pitty that no one got write a book on the subject. Besides academic
interest, this would serve as an authentic record for the work done in
India.

Subramani 

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Vetrivel
Adhimoolam
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 8:20 PM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

I think that's correct. Also I have to say that NAB Delhi played a crucial
role in identifying and prioritizing appropriate screen reading softwares
for visually challenged in India. Say for example the hole transition from
MS das to Windows based screen readers like JAWS. So computer education for
visually challenged should also be analyzed in the context of the evolution
of the screen readers themselves.

- Original Message -
From: Dinesh Kaushal
To: 'K Ramkrishna' ; accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 7:45 AM
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india


Well I took training in NAB delhi in May 1996, and I think NAB delhi
started
it in 1995 or 1994, I am sure it started in or before 1995


Regards
Dinesh Kaushal

blog at
dineshkaushal.blogspot.com

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of K
Ramkrishna
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 10:14 AM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

Dear Vimal,

I may not be able to tell you the entire story of computer education for
the
blind in India. But, I would like to mention that the Indian Association
for
the Visually Handicap (IAVH) in Mumbai, started the first such venture
in
our country in November 1997. The project was funded by IDBI and HDFC
bank
and the center was established at the university clubhouse in Churchgate
Mumbai. Mr. Ram Agarwal of Karishma Enterprises, Mr. Prakash Didwania,
Mr.
Arwind Bhartia and myself were the founder trusties of IAVH and our
mission
was to avail the access and other technology products and services to
the
blind and these shouldn't be denied to them, just because they couldn't
afford such expensive things. Subsequently, Victoria Memorial school for
the
blind with the support of IBM and Voice Vision of Mumbai started
computer
education for the blind. NAB New Delhi also has such facilities. IAVH
also
started this in Huydrabad, but this couldn't be run for long. Rest,
other
members can respond.
- Original Message -
From: vimaldengla 
To: 
Sent: Friday, December 14, 2007 3:44 PM
Subject: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india


 dear friends,
 please tell me the details about the computer education for the 

Re: [AI] important information

2007-12-16 Thread Subramani L
That may be right, but if you consider purely where the breakthrough is
happening it seems to be in artificial implant. Though some of us could
wait until stem cells make enough progress to become a reliable method
of treating retinal conditions, others, who may not have age on their
side, can consider this treatment. 

In my view, stem cells and artificial implants shouldn't be looked at as
competing approaches. Instead both should be available for people who
should be able to choose between them depending on their physical
condition and medical advice. 

Subramani 


-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Dinesh
Kaushal
Sent: Monday, December 17, 2007 12:39 PM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] important information

In my view, artificial retina is not as good an option as stem cell, as
stem
cell help to develop our own retina rather than an external device
implanted
in our eyes.

I also feel (I may be wrong) that once external devices added in our
eyes,
it would be harder to switch to natural development of retina.

Regards
Dinesh Kaushal

blog at 
dineshkaushal.blogspot.com

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Subramani L
Sent: Monday, December 17, 2007 12:12 PM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: [AI] important information

Folks:

Yesterday, there was a talk delivered by one Dr. Agarwal from the US
about
artificial retinal implant. The talk was organised by Narayana
Nethralaya in
Bangalore and the discussion was about how the implant works  (I am
awaiting
more details on this) and the doctor seem to have spoken about some
success
stories in the US. 

He also informed my friend, who attended the talk, that researches are
going
on in Switzerland, Germany and Japan (which is taking a different
approach
to the treatment) and artificial implant is likely to be the path
breaking
one to cure RP, though other approaches like stem cells are also being
tried
by doctors across the globe. 

I would share with you the treatment details once I get it and also keep
you
posted about how one can avail the treatment in the US, so that at least
some of us can try it out. 

Subramani 



-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of sriram
kalyanaraman
Sent: Monday, December 17, 2007 11:37 AM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

Samarthanam , Matruchaya and NAB started computer education in
Bangalore.
You could write to them for more details. In Chennai, NIVH and Ability
foundation have computer traning centers. You should not only discuss
about
English computer education but also regional language education. IITM
and
some other institituions developed this software.
Vidya Vriksha taught this to interested students (as far as IITM
software.)
  Central Univesrity Hyderabad has a center along with CEFOL.
   
  Best wishes,
  K. Sriram 

Subramani L [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  It's a pitty that no one got write a book on the subject. Besides
academic
interest, this would serve as an authentic record for the work done in
India.

Subramani 

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Vetrivel
Adhimoolam
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 8:20 PM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

I think that's correct. Also I have to say that NAB Delhi played a
crucial
role in identifying and prioritizing appropriate screen reading
softwares
for visually challenged in India. Say for example the hole transition
from
MS das to Windows based screen readers like JAWS. So computer education
for
visually challenged should also be analyzed in the context of the
evolution
of the screen readers themselves.

- Original Message -
From: Dinesh Kaushal
To: 'K Ramkrishna' ; accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 7:45 AM
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india


Well I took training in NAB delhi in May 1996, and I think NAB delhi
started
it in 1995 or 1994, I am sure it started in or before 1995


Regards
Dinesh Kaushal

blog at
dineshkaushal.blogspot.com

-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of K
Ramkrishna
Sent: Saturday, December 15, 2007 10:14 AM
To: accessindia@accessindia.org.in
Subject: Re: [AI] history of computer education for blind in india

Dear Vimal,

I may not be able to tell you the entire story of computer education for
the
blind in India. But, I would like to mention that the Indian Association
for
the Visually Handicap (IAVH) in Mumbai, started the first such venture
in
our country in November 1997. The project was funded by IDBI and HDFC
bank
and the center was established at the university clubhouse in Churchgate
Mumbai. Mr. Ram Agarwal of Karishma Enterprises, Mr. Prakash