[apops] IPv6 BGP Update Report
IPv6 BGP Update Report Interval: 17-Nov-23 -to- 30-Nov-23 (13 days) Observation Point: BGP Peering with AS131072 TOP 20 Unstable Origin AS Rank ASNUpds % Upds/PfxAS-Name 1 - AS184031927436 36.4% 483.6 -- FPT-AS-AP FPT Telecom Company, VN 2 - AS202256 353262 6.7% 501.8 -- LAWLIETNET, CN 3 - AS20473230580 4.4% 158.4 -- AS-CHOOPA, US 4 - AS16509184337 3.5% 41.8 -- AMAZON-02, US 5 - AS40138180890 3.4%4760.3 -- MDNET, US 6 - AS210842 164557 3.1% 839.6 -- RKZED-AS, ID 7 - AS26339070725 1.3%3075.0 -- FNT Telecomunicacoes e Acesso a Redes de Internet, BR 8 - AS53667 67212 1.3% 63.5 -- PONYNET, US 9 - AS7545 62901 1.2% 18.8 -- TPG-INTERNET-AP TPG Telecom Limited, AU 10 - AS21664 42041 0.8%1401.4 -- AMZN-BYOASN, US 11 - AS11172 38255 0.7% 6.1 -- Alestra, S. de R.L. de C.V., MX 12 - AS26764137255 0.7%9313.8 -- DK Telecom, BR 13 - AS5416 36824 0.7% 11.9 -- Internet Service Provider, BH 14 - AS26452536623 0.7%1526.0 -- Coelho Tecnologia, BR 15 - AS26636235701 0.7% 17850.5 -- NORTE TELECOM PROVEDOR DE INTERNET EIRELI, BR 16 - AS17072 32389 0.6% 24.6 -- TOTAL PLAY TELECOMUNICACIONES SA DE CV, MX 17 - AS7262 29726 0.6%5945.2 -- BTN-THREE, US 18 - AS45271 28623 0.5% 15.5 -- ICLNET-AS-AP Idea Cellular Limited, IN 19 - AS9808 28168 0.5% 6.0 -- CHINAMOBILE-CN China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd., CN 20 - AS61637 28120 0.5% 907.1 -- RADIOBRAS TELECOM LTDA ME, BR TOP 20 Unstable Origin AS (Updates per announced prefix) Rank ASNUpds % Upds/PfxAS-Name 1 - AS26636235701 0.7% 17850.5 -- NORTE TELECOM PROVEDOR DE INTERNET EIRELI, BR 2 - AS20119613976 0.3% 13976.0 -- BERMOND-AS, VG 3 - AS15040413536 0.3% 13536.0 -- THUNDER-AS-AP Thunder Network Limited, HK 4 - AS27123312463 0.2% 12463.0 -- SUPER TELECOM LTDA, BR 5 - AS20916511843 0.2% 11843.0 -- PLXN, KR 6 - AS35894 10582 0.2% 10582.0 -- NATCONET-1, US 7 - AS26764137255 0.7%9313.8 -- DK Telecom, BR 8 - AS204382 9060 0.2%9060.0 -- ANNATEL-, FR 9 - AS149344 8380 0.2%8380.0 -- DHOHOISP-AS-ID Dhoho ISP, ID 10 - AS47496 7675 0.1%7675.0 -- FREACH-AS, DE 11 - AS20731413551 0.3%6775.5 -- CHIUNGAIMAN-AS, HK 12 - AS139981 6638 0.1%6638.0 -- MENAKSOPAL-AS-ID PT. Menaksopal Link Nusantara, ID 13 - AS210564 6459 0.1%6459.0 -- SWANTZTER-AS, SE 14 - AS20088212878 0.2%6439.0 -- SAHIL-S-NETWORK, US 15 - AS53213 6028 0.1%6028.0 -- NEGRISOLO COMUNICACAO BANDA LARGA LTDA ME, BR 16 - AS7262 29726 0.6%5945.2 -- BTN-THREE, US 17 - AS20945611016 0.2%5508.0 -- WEIR-AS, RU 18 - AS269685 5468 0.1%5468.0 -- NET SAO JOSE LDTA - ME, BR 19 - AS19180 5302 0.1%5302.0 -- AMERICATEL PERU S.A., PE 20 - AS40138180890 3.4%4760.3 -- MDNET, US TOP 20 Unstable Prefixes Rank Prefix Upds % Origin AS -- AS Name 1 - 2804:4498:8000:: 37237 0.6% AS267641 -- DK Telecom, BR 2 - 2804:36a8:100::/ 35687 0.6% AS266362 -- NORTE TELECOM PROVEDOR DE INTERNET EIRELI, BR 3 - 2804:20fc:1b00:: 19307 0.3% AS264525 -- Coelho Tecnologia, BR 4 - 2400:8800:9e12:: 14487 0.2% AS7262 -- BTN-THREE, US 5 - 2400:8d60:7::/48 14393 0.2% AS149440 -- EVOXTENTERPRISE-AS-AP Evoxt Enterprise, MY 6 - 2a06:a005:21e0:: 14111 0.2% AS206729 -- VINCENT-NET-AS, CN 7 - 2a0a:afc7::/4813976 0.2% AS201196 -- BERMOND-AS, VG 8 - 2406:840:e571::/ 13921 0.2% AS151194 -- STELIGHT-AS-AP Zhu Yucheng, CN 9 - 2400:58a0:1800:: 13536 0.2% AS150404 -- THUNDER-AS-AP Thunder Network Limited, HK 10 - 2a0e:8f02:2230:: 13477 0.2% AS207314 -- CHIUNGAIMAN-AS, HK 11 - 2804:20fc:200::/ 13325 0.2% AS264525 -- Coelho Tecnologia, BR 12 - 2804:2d80:aa02:: 13255 0.2% AS262378 -- Compuservice Empreendimentos Ltda, BR 13 - 2a0a:6040:e6ff:: 12872 0.2% AS200882 -- SAHIL-S-NETWORK, US 14 - 2a10:ccc3:ccc2:: 12498 0.2% AS8100 -- ASN-QUADRANET-GLOBAL, US 15 - 2804:784c:8000:: 12463 0.2% AS271233 -- SUPER TELECOM LTDA, BR 16 - 2602:fa1c:127::/ 11843 0.2% AS209165 -- PLXN, KR 17 - 2806:20d:3600::/ 11509 0.2% AS32098 -- TRANSTELCO-INC, US 18 - 2606:9b00::/3210582 0.2% AS35894 -- NATCONET-1, US 19 - 2400:8800:9e11:: 10473 0.2% AS7262 -- BTN-THREE, US 20 - 2a0b:4340:90::/4 10440 0.2% AS205610 -- JAMESITS Jamesits Networks , CN Details at http://bgpupdates.potaroo.net Copies of this report are mailed
[apops] BGP Update Report
BGP Update Report Interval: 17-Nov-23 -to- 30-Nov-23 (13 days) Observation Point: BGP Peering with AS131072 TOP 20 Unstable Origin AS Rank ASNUpds % Upds/PfxAS-Name 1 - AS17488 419348 3.3% 331.8 -- HATHWAY-NET-AP Hathway IP Over Cable Internet, IN 2 - AS16509 357595 2.8% 37.9 -- AMAZON-02, US 3 - AS45899 133023 1.1% 42.0 -- VNPT-AS-VN VNPT Corp, VN 4 - AS8151 116214 0.9% 9.6 -- UNINET, MX 5 - AS17794 110399 0.9%8492.2 -- HTCL-ORANGE-HK-AP Hutchison Telephone Company Limited, HK 6 - AS55836 109534 0.9% 324.1 -- RELIANCEJIO-IN Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited, IN 7 - AS9829 108191 0.9% 55.7 -- BSNL-NIB National Internet Backbone, IN 8 - AS22773 107592 0.8% 15.4 -- ASN-CXA-ALL-CCI-22773-RDC, US 9 - AS7552 107189 0.8% 29.4 -- VIETEL-AS-AP Viettel Group, VN 10 - AS271724 88860 0.7%1676.6 -- -Reserved AS-, ZZ 11 - AS19551 87116 0.7% 111.4 -- INCAPSULA, US 12 - AS12479 86539 0.7% 11.5 -- UNI2-AS, ES 13 - AS453884868 0.7% 17.1 -- ERX-CERNET-BKB China Education and Research Network Center, CN 14 - AS58224 75702 0.6% 44.7 -- TCI, IR 15 - AS18403 69950 0.6% 15.8 -- FPT-AS-AP FPT Telecom Company, VN 16 - AS726259881 0.5%5443.7 -- BTN-THREE, US 17 - AS45916 56093 0.4% 167.4 -- GTPL-AS-AP Gujarat Telelink Pvt Ltd, IN 18 - AS771355962 0.4% 15.5 -- TELKOMNET-AS-AP PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia, ID 19 - AS475555388 0.4% 25.2 -- TATACOMM-AS TATA Communications formerly VSNL is Leading ISP, IN 20 - AS715555364 0.4% 13.3 -- VIASAT-SP-BACKBONE, US TOP 20 Unstable Origin AS (Updates per announced prefix) Rank ASNUpds % Upds/PfxAS-Name 1 - AS266407 32410 0.3% 32410.0 -- ASSEMBLEIA LEGISLATIVA DO ESTADO DE GOIAS, BR 2 - AS149038 47993 0.4% 23996.5 -- UCGCL-AS-AP UNIQUE COMM GROUP COMPANY LIMITED, MM 3 - AS270142 15118 0.1% 15118.0 -- Castor Networks Mexico, MX 4 - AS39997 23381 0.2% 11690.5 -- GLIC, US 5 - AS478559958 0.1%9958.0 -- PRIME Moscow branch, RU 6 - AS2082278693 0.1%8693.0 -- NEUTRINO-AS, PL 7 - AS17794 110399 0.9%8492.2 -- HTCL-ORANGE-HK-AP Hutchison Telephone Company Limited, HK 8 - AS265566 32858 0.3%8214.5 -- TELESISTEMAS PENINSULARES SA DE CV, MX 9 - AS1386347934 0.1%7934.0 -- MSCL-AS-AP MYNET SOLUTIONS COMPANY LIMITED, MM 10 - AS135980 14868 0.1%7434.0 -- ICTQUANGNINH-AS-VN Information and Communication Technology Center of Quang Ninh, VN 11 - AS264298 27783 0.2%6945.8 -- Gr Informatica Ltda, BR 12 - AS2094566386 0.1%6386.0 -- WEIR-AS, RU 13 - AS209856 11873 0.1%5936.5 -- SOFT-TEHNICA, RO 14 - AS726259881 0.5%5443.7 -- BTN-THREE, US 15 - AS136103 20920 0.2%5230.0 -- IDNIC-USM-AS-ID Universitas Semarang, ID 16 - AS795413760 0.1%4586.7 -- IMMENSE-NETWORKS, US 17 - AS9423 4476 0.0%4476.0 -- SERVERKINGIOLLC-AS-AP ServerKing.io, LLC, US 18 - AS1393864376 0.0%4376.0 -- IDNIC-NSR-CINEMA21-AS-ID PT Nusantara Sejahtera Raya, ID 19 - AS35894 25234 0.2%4205.7 -- NATCONET-1, US 20 - AS61693 24265 0.2%4044.2 -- GUIGO NET EMPRESA TOP NET PROVEDORES EIRELE, BR TOP 20 Unstable Prefixes Rank Prefix Upds % Origin AS -- AS Name 1 - 202.45.88.0/2436788 0.2% AS17794 -- HTCL-ORANGE-HK-AP Hutchison Telephone Company Limited, HK 2 - 203.145.78.0/24 36788 0.2% AS17794 -- HTCL-ORANGE-HK-AP Hutchison Telephone Company Limited, HK 3 - 203.145.74.0/24 36787 0.2% AS17794 -- HTCL-ORANGE-HK-AP Hutchison Telephone Company Limited, HK 4 - 41.75.208.0/2035416 0.2% AS37133 -- airtel-tz-as, TZ 5 - 45.172.92.0/2232836 0.2% AS265566 -- TELESISTEMAS PENINSULARES SA DE CV, MX 6 - 170.238.225.0/24 32410 0.2% AS266407 -- ASSEMBLEIA LEGISLATIVA DO ESTADO DE GOIAS, BR 7 - 143.255.204.0/22 31845 0.2% AS264496 -- IR Tecnologia Fibralink, BR 8 - 103.248.132.0/22 31587 0.2% AS132829 -- NCPL-AS-AP Nevigate Communications S Pte Ltd, SG 9 - 41.209.0.0/18 26704 0.2% AS9129 -- KE-NET2000, ZA 10 - 63.217.85.0/2426198 0.2% AS7262 -- BTN-THREE, US 11 - 131.108.222.0/23 24135 0.2% AS61693 -- GUIGO NET EMPRESA TOP NET PROVEDORES EIRELE, BR 12 - 41.221.214.0/24 24046 0.2% AS7262 -- BTN-THREE, US 13 - 103.177.86.0/24 24044 0.2% AS149038 -- UCGCL-AS-AP UNIQUE COMM GROUP COMPANY LIMITED, MM 14 - 103.177.87.0/24 23949 0.2% AS149038 -- UCGCL-AS-AP UNIQUE COMM GROUP COMPANY LIMITED, MM 15 - 67.211.53.0/2423414 0.2% AS26405 -- HDCS, US 16 - 107.154.186.0/24 22314
[apops] The CIDR Report
This report has been generated at Fri Dec 1 21:05:33 2023 AEST.
The report analyses the eBGP Routing Table at AS131072
and generates a report on aggregation potential within the table.
Check https://www.cidr-report.org/2.0 for a current version of this report.
Recent Table History
Date PrefixesCIDR Agg
24-11-23941138 517175
25-11-23941057 517563
26-11-23941127 517760
27-11-23941250 516398
28-11-23941590 517365
29-11-23941726 515118
30-11-23941434 516626
01-12-23941196 516700
AS Summary
75204 Number of ASes in routing system
26719 Number of ASes announcing only one prefix
12118 Largest number of prefixes announced by an AS
AS8151 : UNINET, MX
228560640 Largest address span announced by an AS (/32s)
AS749 : DNIC-AS-00749, US
Aggregation Summary
The algorithm used in this report proposes aggregation only
when there is a precise match using the AS path, so as
to preserve traffic transit policies. Aggregation is also
proposed across non-advertised address space ('holes').
--- 01Dec23 ---
ASnum NetsNow NetsAggr NetGain % Gain Description
Table 941407 516641 42476645.1% All ASes
AS9808 9745 1304 844186.6% CHINAMOBILE-CN China
Mobile Communications Group
Co., Ltd., CN
AS8151 12118 3820 829868.5% UNINET, MX
AS12479 7512 2694 481864.1% UNI2-AS, ES
AS39891 4570 80 449098.2% ALJAWWALSTC-AS, SA
AS7155 4172 113 405997.3% VIASAT-SP-BACKBONE, US
AS16509 9349 5422 392742.0% AMAZON-02, US
AS7545 5674 2012 366264.5% TPG-INTERNET-AP TPG
Telecom Limited, AU
AS18403 4390 758 363282.7% FPT-AS-AP FPT Telecom
Company, VN
AS6327 3559 70 348998.0% SHAW, CA
AS7552 3638 149 348995.9% VIETEL-AS-AP Viettel
Group, VN
AS8551 3436 111 332596.8% BEZEQ-INTERNATIONAL-AS
Bezeqint Internet Backbone,
IL
AS7713 3603 404 319988.8% TELKOMNET-AS-AP PT
Telekomunikasi Indonesia, ID
AS9498 3385 268 311792.1% BBIL-AP BHARTI Airtel
Ltd., IN
AS4538 4957 2415 254251.3% ERX-CERNET-BKB China
Education and Research
Network Center, CN
AS22773 3515 1006 250971.4%
ASN-CXA-ALL-CCI-22773-RDC, US
AS396982 2723 408 231585.0% GOOGLE-CLOUD-PLATFORM, US
AS8452 2478 238 224090.4% TE-AS TE-AS, EG
AS24560 2633 557 207678.8% AIRTELBROADBAND-AS-AP
Bharti Airtel Ltd., Telemedia
Services, IN
AS11492 4556 2515 204144.8% CABLEONE, US
AS4755 2189 230 195989.5% TATACOMM-AS TATA
Communications formerly VSNL
is Leading ISP, IN
AS12389 2945 1091 185463.0% ROSTELECOM-AS, RU
AS45090 2186 378 180882.7% TENCENT-NET-AP Shenzhen
Tencent Computer Systems
Company Limited, CN
AS4766 2484 837 164766.3% KIXS-AS-KR Korea Telecom,
KR
AS3673000 1437 156352.1% DNIC-ASBLK-00306-00371,
US
AS1742251 691 156069.3% COGENT-174, US
AS56047 1514 44 147097.1% CMNET-HUNAN-AP China
Mobile communications
corporation, CN
AS45899 3264 1798 146644.9% VNPT-AS-VN VNPT Corp, VN
AS11776 1842 407 143577.9% ATLANTICBB-JOHNSTOWN, US
AS13999 2475 1048 142757.7% Mega Cable, S.A. de C.V.,
MX
AS11830 2010 612 139869.6% Instituto Costarricense
[apops] The CIDR Report
This report has been generated at Fri Dec 1 21:46:10 2023 AEST. The report analyses the BGP Routing Table as seen within AS131072 and generates a report on aggregation potential within the table. Check https://www.cidr-report.org/v6 for a current version of this report. Recent Table History Date PrefixesCIDR Agg 24-11-23200676 96635 25-11-23200956 96659 26-11-23201038 96585 27-11-23200924 96713 28-11-23201375 96858 29-11-23201450 96779 30-11-23201357 97504 01-12-23200524 97504 AS Summary 32424 Number of ASes in routing system 20378 Number of ASes announcing only one prefix 6254 Largest number of prefixes announced by an AS AS11172: Alestra, S. de R.L. de C.V., MX 36318243520512 (/18.95) Largest address span announced by an AS (/64s) AS7922 : COMCAST-7922, US Aggregation Summary The algorithm used in this report proposes aggregation only when there is a precise match using the AS path, so as to preserve traffic transit policies. --- 01Dec23 --- ASnum NetsNow NetsAggr NetGain % Gain Description Table 20063497861 10277351.2% All ASes AS11172 6254 827 542786.8% Alestra, S. de R.L. de C.V., MX AS9808 4655 371 428492.0% CHINAMOBILE-CN China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd., CN AS18403 42897 428299.8% FPT-AS-AP FPT Telecom Company, VN AS7552 25445 253999.8% VIETEL-AS-AP Viettel Group, VN AS45609 2540 424 211683.3% BHARTI-MOBILITY-AS-AP Bharti Airtel Ltd. AS for GPRS Service, IN AS24547 2018 20 199899.0% CMNET-V4HEBEI-AS-AP Hebei Mobile Communication Company Limited, CN AS16509 4344 2430 191444.1% AMAZON-02, US AS12479 1647 32 161598.1% UNI2-AS, ES AS45271 1838 228 161087.6% ICLNET-AS-AP Idea Cellular Limited, IN AS32098 1515 184 133187.9% TRANSTELCO-INC, US AS39891 1337 63 127495.3% ALJAWWALSTC-AS, SA AS28573 1459 224 123584.6% Claro NXT Telecomunicacoes Ltda, BR AS56046 1146 18 112898.4% CMNET-JIANGSU-AP China Mobile communications corporation, CN AS22773 1280 163 111787.3% ASN-CXA-ALL-CCI-22773-RDC, US AS62240 1137 65 107294.3% CLOUVIDER Clouvider - Global ASN, GB AS38266 1457 422 103571.0% VIL-AS-AP Vodafone Idea Ltd, IN AS5416 10366 103099.4% Internet Service Provider, BH AS38496 1067 43 102496.0% CNI-AS-ID PT Cyber Network Indonesia, ID AS56044 980 19 96198.1% CMNET-AS-LIAONING China Mobile communications corporation, CN AS4808 1050 129 92187.7% CHINA169-BJ China Unicom Beijing Province Network, CN AS4538991 300 69169.7% ERX-CERNET-BKB China Education and Research Network Center, CN AS20115 1161 478 68358.8% CHARTER-20115, US AS56047 719 46 67393.6% CMNET-HUNAN-AP China Mobile communications corporation, CN AS17853 6604 65699.4% LGTELECOM-AS-KR LGTELECOM, KR AS56167 616 12 60498.1% PTML-PK Plot No 181-186 Street, PK AS17072 1311 710 60145.8% TOTAL PLAY TELECOMUNICACIONES SA DE CV,
[apops] Weekly Global IPv4 Routing Table Report
This is an automated weekly mailing describing the state of the Global IPv4 Routing Table as seen from APNIC's router in Japan. The posting is sent to APOPS, NANOG, AfNOG, SANOG, PacNOG, SAFNOG UKNOF, TZNOG, MENOG, BJNOG, SDNOG, CMNOG, LACNOG and the RIPE Routing WG. Daily listings are sent to bgp-st...@lists.apnic.net. For historical data, please see https://thyme.apnic.net. If you have any comments please contact Philip Smith . IPv4 Routing Table Report 04:00 +10GMT Sat 02 Dec, 2023 BGP Table (Global) as seen in Japan. Report Website: https://thyme.apnic.net Detailed Analysis: https://thyme.apnic.net/current/ Analysis Summary BGP routing table entries examined: 935768 Prefixes after maximum aggregation (per Origin AS): 356557 Deaggregation factor: 2.62 Unique aggregates announced (without unneeded subnets): 455208 Total ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 75073 Prefixes per ASN: 12.46 Origin-only ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 64404 Origin ASes announcing only one prefix: 26492 Transit ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 10669 Transit-only ASes present in the Internet Routing Table:483 Average AS path length visible in the Internet Routing Table: 4.2 Max AS path length visible: 55 Max AS path prepend of ASN (265020) 50 Prefixes from unregistered ASNs in the Routing Table: 1061 Number of instances of unregistered ASNs: 1063 Number of 32-bit ASNs allocated by the RIRs: 43144 Number of 32-bit ASNs visible in the Routing Table: 35456 Prefixes from 32-bit ASNs in the Routing Table: 178175 Number of bogon 32-bit ASNs visible in the Routing Table:31 Special use prefixes present in the Routing Table:1 Prefixes being announced from unallocated address space:546 Number of addresses announced to Internet: 3048735744 Equivalent to 181 /8s, 184 /16s and 4 /24s Percentage of available address space announced: 82.3 Percentage of allocated address space announced: 82.3 Percentage of available address space allocated: 100.0 Percentage of address space in use by end-sites: 99.6 Total number of prefixes smaller than registry allocations: 310346 APNIC Region Analysis Summary - Prefixes being announced by APNIC Region ASes: 249452 Total APNIC prefixes after maximum aggregation: 71994 APNIC Deaggregation factor:3.46 Prefixes being announced from the APNIC address blocks: 242709 Unique aggregates announced from the APNIC address blocks:99551 APNIC Region origin ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 13806 APNIC Prefixes per ASN: 17.58 APNIC Region origin ASes announcing only one prefix: 4163 APNIC Region transit ASes present in the Internet Routing Table: 1851 Average APNIC Region AS path length visible:4.4 Max APNIC Region AS path length visible: 32 Number of APNIC region 32-bit ASNs visible in the Routing Table: 9140 Number of APNIC addresses announced to Internet: 771358336 Equivalent to 45 /8s, 249 /16s and 254 /24s APNIC AS Blocks4608-4864, 7467-7722, 9216-10239, 17408-18431 (pre-ERX allocations) 23552-24575, 37888-38911, 45056-46079, 55296-56319, 58368-59391, 63488-64098, 64297-64395, 131072-153913 APNIC Address Blocks 1/8, 14/8, 27/8, 36/8, 39/8, 42/8, 43/8, 49/8, 58/8, 59/8, 60/8, 61/8, 101/8, 103/8, 106/8, 110/8, 111/8, 112/8, 113/8, 114/8, 115/8, 116/8, 117/8, 118/8, 119/8, 120/8, 121/8, 122/8, 123/8, 124/8, 125/8, 126/8, 133/8, 150/8, 153/8, 163/8, 171/8, 175/8, 180/8, 182/8, 183/8, 202/8, 203/8, 210/8, 211/8, 218/8, 219/8, 220/8, 221/8, 222/8, 223/8, ARIN Region Analysis Summary Prefixes being announced by ARIN Region ASes:273323 Total ARIN prefixes after maximum aggregation: 124284 ARIN Deaggregation factor: 2.20 Prefixes being announced from the ARIN address blocks: 278074 Unique aggregates announced from the ARIN address blocks:132552 ARIN Region origin ASes present in the Internet Routing Table:19077 ARIN Prefixes per ASN:
