Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity

[David Kollas]

Lorraine:

Thanks for bringing that up.  I was thinking of using a sex pheromone 
lure on a sticky trap to monitor LAW,  As I recall,
you have said that Lesser Appleworm is attracted to the lure used for another 
moth;  which moth lure would LAW males go for?
Or do you think a true disruption attempt could replace insecticide?

David

On Aug 5, 2013, at 3:25 PM, llbuglady  wrote:

> What about mating disruption for LAW?  
> 
> Lorraine Los
> Retired UConn IPM Specialist
> 
> On Aug 5, 2013, at 1:06 PM, David Kollas  wrote:
> 
>> Glen:
>> 
>>  My glee at the minimal captures of Apple Maggot on this farm is 
>> tempered by my history of Lesser Appleworm.  It has produced significant
>> damage to fruit when I have omitted insecticide in August.  Now I am 
>> thinking that LAW traps may be needed to justify the insecticide.
>> 
>> David Kollas
>> Kollas Orchard
>> Tolland, CT
>> 
>> 
>> On Aug 5, 2013, at 8:35 AM, Glen Koehler  wrote:
>> 
>>> Hi Art
>>> See paragraph in last newsletter.  Bottom line is sugar should also 
>>> increase efficacy of Assail and possibly Delegate against AM but nobody 
>>> knows if there would be other problems created by spraying sugar on apples. 
>>>  I find the slow start to AM catches perplexing.  Only speculation I have 
>>> to explain it is that they suffered high mortality in winter.  But that 
>>> might be wishful thinking.  Next few weeks will tell.
>>> - Glen
>>> 
>>> On Sun, Aug 4, 2013 at 8:45 AM, Arthur Kelly  
>>> wrote:
>>> There is a recommendation to add sugar when making an application of Assail 
>>> for SWD on berries to stimulate feeding.  1-2 lbs per hundred gal.  What 
>>> about for apples when using Assail or Delegate for instance?  My 
>>> understanding is that when first emerged the flies feed.  FYI we trapped 
>>> the first AM fly on 8/2 here.  Only one on five traps.
>>> 
>>> Art Kelly
>>> Kelly Orchards
>>> Acton, ME
>>> 
>>> 
>>> On Fri, Aug 2, 2013 at 1:33 PM, David Kollas  wrote:
>>> 
>>> 
>>> Thank you, Art.  It is always better to know whether the most-informed 
>>> have the answers; or whether, instead, they are not sure either.
>>> 
>>> The uncertainty that Reissig expressed in his paper of 2003 apparently 
>>> continues now ten years later. In that paper he indicated the need for 
>>> additional research to assess practical aspects of replacing 
>>> organophosphates with newer chemistries in commercial orchards.
>>> 
>>> A practical aspect of using Calyso or Assail in leu of Imidan that is 
>>> separate from their mode of action on Apple Maggot, is the 
>>> question of how to incorporate them into a label-compliant 
>>> resistance-management program that includes control of many pests in 
>>> addition 
>>> to Apple Maggot. 
>>> 
>>> David
>>> 
>>> 
>>>  
>>> On Aug 2, 2013, at 11:53 AM, Arthur M. Agnello wrote:
>>> 
 Hi David,
 
 Harvey Reissig did a study on the efficacy of some of the newer products 
 against apple maggot, and published it some years ago: 
 
 Reissig, W. Harvey.  2003.  Field and Laboratory Tests of New Insecticides 
 Against the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: 
 Tephritidae).   Journal of Economic Entomology 96 (5): 1463-1472 — I will 
 send you a pdf of it in a separate email.  
 
 However, his general findings were that there are no new insecticides that 
 are as effective in controlling AM as the organophosphates, particularly 
 in “high pressure situations”.  It is also true that most of the new 
 materials are not as directly toxic to the flies as the OPs, and the 
 efficacy of many these new materials appears to be due to their ability to 
 prevent flies from ovipositing as long as they are in contact with their 
 residues.  We really don’t know the mechanism of this mode of action, but 
 in many laboratory bioassays the flies will not lay eggs on treated 
 apples, although they remain alive.  So far, we would say that in most 
 normal US orchards, which are presumed to be initially free from internal 
 AM infestations and are not near abandoned orchards and other large 
 sources of unsprayed host trees, we have not seen control failures or even 
 increased damage in orchards that are not treated with organophosphates, 
 although AM catches in monitoring traps placed along the edges of these 
 orchards appears to be higher than when they were sprayed with 
 organophosphates.
 
 As far as efficacy, Calypso is definitely the most effective of the new 
 insecticides, followed by Assail.  Delegate and Altacor also have some 
 activity, but would probably not provide control in orchards with internal 
 infestations or those that are near heavy unsprayed sources of 
 infestations.
 
 Art
 
 --
 Arthur M. Agnello
 Professor and Extension Tree Fruit Entomologist
 Dept. of Entomologya...@cornell.edu

Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity

[llbuglady]

What about mating disruption for LAW?  

Lorraine Los
Retired UConn IPM Specialist

On Aug 5, 2013, at 1:06 PM, David Kollas  wrote:

> Glen:
> 
>   My glee at the minimal captures of Apple Maggot on this farm is 
> tempered by my history of Lesser Appleworm.  It has produced significant
> damage to fruit when I have omitted insecticide in August.  Now I am thinking 
> that LAW traps may be needed to justify the insecticide.
> 
> David Kollas
> Kollas Orchard
> Tolland, CT
> 
> 
> On Aug 5, 2013, at 8:35 AM, Glen Koehler  wrote:
> 
>> Hi Art
>> See paragraph in last newsletter.  Bottom line is sugar should also 
>> increase efficacy of Assail and possibly Delegate against AM but nobody 
>> knows if there would be other problems created by spraying sugar on apples.  
>> I find the slow start to AM catches perplexing.  Only speculation I have to 
>> explain it is that they suffered high mortality in winter.  But that might 
>> be wishful thinking.  Next few weeks will tell.
>> - Glen
>> 
>> On Sun, Aug 4, 2013 at 8:45 AM, Arthur Kelly  wrote:
>>> There is a recommendation to add sugar when making an application of Assail 
>>> for SWD on berries to stimulate feeding.  1-2 lbs per hundred gal.  What 
>>> about for apples when using Assail or Delegate for instance?  My 
>>> understanding is that when first emerged the flies feed.  FYI we trapped 
>>> the first AM fly on 8/2 here.  Only one on five traps.
>>> 
>>> Art Kelly
>>> Kelly Orchards
>>> Acton, ME
>>> 
>>> 
>>> On Fri, Aug 2, 2013 at 1:33 PM, David Kollas  wrote:
 
 
Thank you, Art.  It is always better to know whether the most-informed 
 have the answers; or whether, instead, they are not sure either.
 
The uncertainty that Reissig expressed in his paper of 2003 apparently 
 continues now ten years later. In that paper he indicated the need for 
 additional research to assess practical aspects of replacing 
 organophosphates with newer chemistries in commercial orchards.
 
A practical aspect of using Calyso or Assail in leu of Imidan that is 
 separate from their mode of action on Apple Maggot, is the 
 question of how to incorporate them into a label-compliant 
 resistance-management program that includes control of many pests in 
 addition 
 to Apple Maggot. 
 
 David
 
 
  
 On Aug 2, 2013, at 11:53 AM, Arthur M. Agnello wrote:
 
> Hi David,
> 
> Harvey Reissig did a study on the efficacy of some of the newer products 
> against apple maggot, and published it some years ago: 
> 
> Reissig, W. Harvey.  2003.  Field and Laboratory Tests of New 
> Insecticides Against the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) 
> (Diptera: Tephritidae).   Journal of Economic Entomology 96 (5): 
> 1463-1472 — I will send you a pdf of it in a separate email.  
> 
> However, his general findings were that there are no new insecticides 
> that are as effective in controlling AM as the organophosphates, 
> particularly in “high pressure situations”.  It is also true that most of 
> the new materials are not as directly toxic to the flies as the OPs, and 
> the efficacy of many these new materials appears to be due to their 
> ability to prevent flies from ovipositing as long as they are in contact 
> with their residues.  We really don’t know the mechanism of this mode of 
> action, but in  many laboratory bioassays the flies will not lay eggs on 
> treated apples, although they remain alive.  So far, we would say that in 
> most normal US orchards, which are presumed to be initially free from 
> internal AM infestations and are not near abandoned orchards and other 
> large sources of unsprayed host trees, we have not seen control failures 
> or even increased damage in orchards that are not treated with 
> organophosphates, although AM catches in monitoring traps placed along 
> the edges of these orchards appears to be higher than when they were 
> sprayed with organophosphates.
> 
> As far as efficacy, Calypso is definitely the most effective of the new 
> insecticides, followed by Assail.  Delegate and Altacor also have some 
> activity, but would probably not provide control in orchards with 
> internal infestations or those that are near heavy unsprayed sources of 
> infestations.
> 
> Art
> 
> --
> Arthur M. Agnello
> Professor and Extension Tree Fruit Entomologist
> Dept. of Entomologya...@cornell.edu
> N.Y.S. Agric. Expt. Sta.Tel: 315-787-2341
> 630 W. North St.   Fax: 315-787-2326
> Geneva, NY  14456-1371  
> http://web.entomology.cornell.edu/agnello/links.html
> Scaffolds Fruit Journal online:
> http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/index.html
> 
> From: Dave Kollas 
> Re

Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity

[David Kollas]

Glen:

My glee at the minimal captures of Apple Maggot on this farm is 
tempered by my history of Lesser Appleworm.  It has produced significant
damage to fruit when I have omitted insecticide in August.  Now I am thinking 
that LAW traps may be needed to justify the insecticide.

David Kollas
Kollas Orchard
Tolland, CT


On Aug 5, 2013, at 8:35 AM, Glen Koehler  wrote:

> Hi Art
> See paragraph in last newsletter.  Bottom line is sugar should also 
> increase efficacy of Assail and possibly Delegate against AM but nobody knows 
> if there would be other problems created by spraying sugar on apples.  I find 
> the slow start to AM catches perplexing.  Only speculation I have to explain 
> it is that they suffered high mortality in winter.  But that might be wishful 
> thinking.  Next few weeks will tell.
> - Glen
> 
> On Sun, Aug 4, 2013 at 8:45 AM, Arthur Kelly  wrote:
> There is a recommendation to add sugar when making an application of Assail 
> for SWD on berries to stimulate feeding.  1-2 lbs per hundred gal.  What 
> about for apples when using Assail or Delegate for instance?  My 
> understanding is that when first emerged the flies feed.  FYI we trapped the 
> first AM fly on 8/2 here.  Only one on five traps.
> 
> Art Kelly
> Kelly Orchards
> Acton, ME
> 
> 
> On Fri, Aug 2, 2013 at 1:33 PM, David Kollas  wrote:
> 
> 
>   Thank you, Art.  It is always better to know whether the most-informed 
> have the answers; or whether, instead, they are not sure either.
> 
>   The uncertainty that Reissig expressed in his paper of 2003 apparently 
> continues now ten years later. In that paper he indicated the need for 
> additional research to assess practical aspects of replacing organophosphates 
> with newer chemistries in commercial orchards.
> 
>   A practical aspect of using Calyso or Assail in leu of Imidan that is 
> separate from their mode of action on Apple Maggot, is the 
> question of how to incorporate them into a label-compliant 
> resistance-management program that includes control of many pests in addition 
> to Apple Maggot. 
> 
> David
> 
> 
>  
> On Aug 2, 2013, at 11:53 AM, Arthur M. Agnello wrote:
> 
>> Hi David,
>> 
>> Harvey Reissig did a study on the efficacy of some of the newer products 
>> against apple maggot, and published it some years ago: 
>> 
>> Reissig, W. Harvey.  2003.  Field and Laboratory Tests of New Insecticides 
>> Against the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: 
>> Tephritidae).   Journal of Economic Entomology 96 (5): 1463-1472 — I will 
>> send you a pdf of it in a separate email.  
>> 
>> However, his general findings were that there are no new insecticides that 
>> are as effective in controlling AM as the organophosphates, particularly in 
>> “high pressure situations”.  It is also true that most of the new materials 
>> are not as directly toxic to the flies as the OPs, and the efficacy of many 
>> these new materials appears to be due to their ability to prevent flies from 
>> ovipositing as long as they are in contact with their residues.  We really 
>> don’t know the mechanism of this mode of action, but in many laboratory 
>> bioassays the flies will not lay eggs on treated apples, although they 
>> remain alive.  So far, we would say that in most normal US orchards, which 
>> are presumed to be initially free from internal AM infestations and are not 
>> near abandoned orchards and other large sources of unsprayed host trees, we 
>> have not seen control failures or even increased damage in orchards that are 
>> not treated with organophosphates, although AM catches in monitoring traps 
>> placed along the edges of these orchards appears to  be higher than when 
>> they were sprayed with organophosphates.
>> 
>> As far as efficacy, Calypso is definitely the most effective of the new 
>> insecticides, followed by Assail.  Delegate and Altacor also have some 
>> activity, but would probably not provide control in orchards with internal 
>> infestations or those that are near heavy unsprayed sources of infestations.
>> 
>> Art
>> 
>> --
>> Arthur M. Agnello
>> Professor and Extension Tree Fruit Entomologist
>> Dept. of Entomologya...@cornell.edu
>> N.Y.S. Agric. Expt. Sta.Tel: 315-787-2341
>> 630 W. North St.   Fax: 315-787-2326
>> Geneva, NY  14456-1371  
>> http://web.entomology.cornell.edu/agnello/links.html
>> Scaffolds Fruit Journal online:
>> http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/index.html
>> 
>> From: Dave Kollas 
>> Reply-To: Apple-crop discussion list 
>> Date: Fri, Aug 2 10:44 AM
>> To: Apple-crop discussion list 
>> Subject: Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity
>> 
>> 
>> Thank you for that, Peter.
>> 
>> I suppose that if the systemic activity of neonics is sufficient to kill 
>> Apple Maggot eggs or larvae during a (two week?) period after application, 
>> and  up to 2 inches rainfall, they could be expecte

Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity

[Jill Kelly]

I still think that water saturated ground will drown them.  They need oxygen to 
survive, even in the soil.
On Aug 5, 2013, at 8:35 AM, Glen Koehler wrote:

> Hi Art
> See paragraph in last newsletter.  Bottom line is sugar should also 
> increase efficacy of Assail and possibly Delegate against AM but nobody knows 
> if there would be other problems created by spraying sugar on apples.  I find 
> the slow start to AM catches perplexing.  Only speculation I have to explain 
> it is that they suffered high mortality in winter.  But that might be wishful 
> thinking.  Next few weeks will tell.
> - Glen
> 
> On Sun, Aug 4, 2013 at 8:45 AM, Arthur Kelly  wrote:
> There is a recommendation to add sugar when making an application of Assail 
> for SWD on berries to stimulate feeding.  1-2 lbs per hundred gal.  What 
> about for apples when using Assail or Delegate for instance?  My 
> understanding is that when first emerged the flies feed.  FYI we trapped the 
> first AM fly on 8/2 here.  Only one on five traps.
> 
> Art Kelly
> Kelly Orchards
> Acton, ME
> 
> 
> On Fri, Aug 2, 2013 at 1:33 PM, David Kollas  wrote:
> 
> 
>   Thank you, Art.  It is always better to know whether the most-informed 
> have the answers; or whether, instead, they are not sure either.
> 
>   The uncertainty that Reissig expressed in his paper of 2003 apparently 
> continues now ten years later. In that paper he indicated the need for 
> additional research to assess practical aspects of replacing organophosphates 
> with newer chemistries in commercial orchards.
> 
>   A practical aspect of using Calyso or Assail in leu of Imidan that is 
> separate from their mode of action on Apple Maggot, is the 
> question of how to incorporate them into a label-compliant 
> resistance-management program that includes control of many pests in addition 
> to Apple Maggot. 
> 
> David
> 
> 
>  
> On Aug 2, 2013, at 11:53 AM, Arthur M. Agnello wrote:
> 
>> Hi David,
>> 
>> Harvey Reissig did a study on the efficacy of some of the newer products 
>> against apple maggot, and published it some years ago: 
>> 
>> Reissig, W. Harvey.  2003.  Field and Laboratory Tests of New Insecticides 
>> Against the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: 
>> Tephritidae).   Journal of Economic Entomology 96 (5): 1463-1472 — I will 
>> send you a pdf of it in a separate email.  
>> 
>> However, his general findings were that there are no new insecticides that 
>> are as effective in controlling AM as the organophosphates, particularly in 
>> “high pressure situations”.  It is also true that most of the new materials 
>> are not as directly toxic to the flies as the OPs, and the efficacy of many 
>> these new materials appears to be due to their ability to prevent flies from 
>> ovipositing as long as they are in contact with their residues.  We really 
>> don’t know the mechanism of this mode of action, but in many laboratory 
>> bioassays the flies will not lay eggs on treated apples, although they 
>> remain alive.  So far, we would say that in most normal US orchards, which 
>> are presumed to be initially free from internal AM infestations and are not 
>> near abandoned orchards and other large sources of unsprayed host trees, we 
>> have not seen control failures or even increased damage in orchards that are 
>> not treated with organophosphates, although AM catches in monitoring traps 
>> placed along the edges of these orchards appears to be higher than when they 
>> were sprayed with organophosphates.
>> 
>> As far as efficacy, Calypso is definitely the most effective of the new 
>> insecticides, followed by Assail.  Delegate and Altacor also have some 
>> activity, but would probably not provide control in orchards with internal 
>> infestations or those that are near heavy unsprayed sources of infestations.
>> 
>> Art
>> 
>> --
>> Arthur M. Agnello
>> Professor and Extension Tree Fruit Entomologist
>> Dept. of Entomologya...@cornell.edu
>> N.Y.S. Agric. Expt. Sta.Tel: 315-787-2341
>> 630 W. North St.   Fax: 315-787-2326
>> Geneva, NY  14456-1371  
>> http://web.entomology.cornell.edu/agnello/links.html
>> Scaffolds Fruit Journal online:
>> http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/index.html
>> 
>> From: Dave Kollas 
>> Reply-To: Apple-crop discussion list 
>> Date: Fri, Aug 2 10:44 AM
>> To: Apple-crop discussion list 
>> Subject: Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity
>> 
>> 
>> Thank you for that, Peter.
>> 
>> I suppose that if the systemic activity of neonics is sufficient to kill 
>> Apple Maggot eggs or larvae during a (two week?) period after application, 
>> and  up to 2 inches rainfall, they could be expected to be as good as Imidan 
>> or Guthion, regardless of whether the adults are killed by fruit or foliar 
>> contact.
>> Or, perhaps female flies are killed by ovipositor contact with systemic 
>> neonic during egg insertion? 

Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity

[Fleming, William]

I've also wondered about the negative effects of spraying sugar on fruit, seems 
like it wouldn't much different than honeydew caused by pear psylla or aphids 
causing sooty mold.
Read recently that some growers were having excellent results with a 5 lbs per 
100 gallons white sugar spray to repel birds on apples, grapes and blueberries!
Apparently  birds can't digest the sugar, it makes them sick and they don't 
come back. Seems like it might be a great research opportunity for someone.

Bill Fleming
Montana State University
Western Ag Research Center
580 Quast Lane
Corvallis, MT 59828

From: apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net 
[mailto:apple-crop-boun...@virtualorchard.net] On Behalf Of Glen Koehler
Sent: Monday, August 05, 2013 6:36 AM
To: Apple-crop discussion list
Subject: Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity

Hi Art
See paragraph in last newsletter.  Bottom line is sugar should also 
increase efficacy of Assail and possibly Delegate against AM but nobody knows 
if there would be other problems created by spraying sugar on apples.  I find 
the slow start to AM catches perplexing.  Only speculation I have to explain it 
is that they suffered high mortality in winter.  But that might be wishful 
thinking.  Next few weeks will tell.
- Glen
On Sun, Aug 4, 2013 at 8:45 AM, Arthur Kelly 
mailto:kellyorcha...@gmail.com>> wrote:
There is a recommendation to add sugar when making an application of Assail for 
SWD on berries to stimulate feeding.  1-2 lbs per hundred gal.  What about for 
apples when using Assail or Delegate for instance?  My understanding is that 
when first emerged the flies feed.  FYI we trapped the first AM fly on 8/2 
here.  Only one on five traps.

Art Kelly
Kelly Orchards
Acton, ME

On Fri, Aug 2, 2013 at 1:33 PM, David Kollas 
mailto:kol...@sbcglobal.net>> wrote:


Thank you, Art.  It is always better to know whether the most-informed have the 
answers; or whether, instead, they are not sure either.

The uncertainty that Reissig expressed in his paper of 2003 apparently 
continues now ten years later. In that paper he indicated the need for
additional research to assess practical aspects of replacing organophosphates 
with newer chemistries in commercial orchards.

A practical aspect of using Calyso or Assail in leu of Imidan that is separate 
from their mode of action on Apple Maggot, is the
question of how to incorporate them into a label-compliant 
resistance-management program that includes control of many pests in addition
to Apple Maggot.

David



On Aug 2, 2013, at 11:53 AM, Arthur M. Agnello wrote:


Hi David,

Harvey Reissig did a study on the efficacy of some of the newer products 
against apple maggot, and published it some years ago:

Reissig, W. Harvey.  2003.  Field and Laboratory Tests of New Insecticides 
Against the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae).  
 Journal of Economic Entomology 96 (5): 1463-1472 - I will send you a pdf of it 
in a separate email.

However, his general findings were that there are no new insecticides that are 
as effective in controlling AM as the organophosphates, particularly in "high 
pressure situations".  It is also true that most of the new materials are not 
as directly toxic to the flies as the OPs, and the efficacy of many these new 
materials appears to be due to their ability to prevent flies from ovipositing 
as long as they are in contact with their residues.  We really don't know the 
mechanism of this mode of action, but in many laboratory bioassays the flies 
will not lay eggs on treated apples, although they remain alive.  So far, we 
would say that in most normal US orchards, which are presumed to be initially 
free from internal AM infestations and are not near abandoned orchards and 
other large sources of unsprayed host trees, we have not seen control failures 
or even increased damage in orchards that are not treated with 
organophosphates, although AM catches in monitoring traps placed along the 
edges of these orchards appears to be higher than when they were sprayed with 
organophosphates.

As far as efficacy, Calypso is definitely the most effective of the new 
insecticides, followed by Assail.  Delegate and Altacor also have some 
activity, but would probably not provide control in orchards with internal 
infestations or those that are near heavy unsprayed sources of infestations.

Art

--
Arthur M. Agnello
Professor and Extension Tree Fruit Entomologist
Dept. of Entomology
a...@cornell.edu
N.Y.S. Agric. Expt. Sta.Tel: 
315-787-2341
630 W. North St.   Fax: 
315-787-2326
Geneva, NY  14456-1371
http://web.entomology.cornell.edu/agnello/links.html
Scaffolds Fruit Journal online:
http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/index.html

From: Dave Kollas mailto:kol...@sbcglobal.net>>
Reply-To: Apple-crop discussion list 
mailto:apple-crop@virtualorchard.net>>
Date: Fri, Aug 

Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity

[Glen Koehler]

Hi Art
See paragraph in last newsletter.  Bottom line is sugar should also
increase efficacy of Assail and possibly Delegate against AM but nobody
knows if there would be other problems created by spraying sugar on
apples.  I find the slow start to AM catches perplexing.  Only speculation
I have to explain it is that they suffered high mortality in winter.  But
that might be wishful thinking.  Next few weeks will tell.
- Glen

On Sun, Aug 4, 2013 at 8:45 AM, Arthur Kelly wrote:

> There is a recommendation to add sugar when making an application of
> Assail for SWD on berries to stimulate feeding.  1-2 lbs per hundred gal.
>  What about for apples when using Assail or Delegate for instance?  My
> understanding is that when first emerged the flies feed.  FYI we trapped
> the first AM fly on 8/2 here.  Only one on five traps.
>
> Art Kelly
> Kelly Orchards
> Acton, ME
>
>
> On Fri, Aug 2, 2013 at 1:33 PM, David Kollas  wrote:
>
>>
>>
>> Thank you, Art.  It is always better to know whether the most-informed
>> have the answers; or whether, instead, they are not sure either.
>>
>> The uncertainty that Reissig expressed in his paper of 2003 apparently
>> continues now ten years later. In that paper he indicated the need for
>> additional research to assess practical aspects of replacing
>> organophosphates with newer chemistries in commercial orchards.
>>
>> A practical aspect of using Calyso or Assail in leu of Imidan that is
>> separate from their mode of action on Apple Maggot, is the
>> question of how to incorporate them into a label-compliant
>> resistance-management program that includes control of many pests in
>> addition
>> to Apple Maggot.
>>
>> David
>>
>>
>>
>> On Aug 2, 2013, at 11:53 AM, Arthur M. Agnello wrote:
>>
>>  Hi David,
>>
>>  Harvey Reissig did a study on the efficacy of some of the newer
>> products against apple maggot, and published it some years ago:
>>
>>  Reissig, W. Harvey.  2003.  Field and Laboratory Tests of New
>> Insecticides Against the Apple Maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh)
>> (Diptera: Tephritidae).   Journal of Economic Entomology 96 (5): 1463-1472
>> — I will send you a pdf of it in a separate email.
>>
>>  However, his general findings were that there are no new insecticides
>> that are as effective in controlling AM as the organophosphates,
>> particularly in “high pressure situations”.  It is also true that most of
>> the new materials are not as directly toxic to the flies as the OPs, and
>> the efficacy of many these new materials appears to be due to their ability
>> to prevent flies from ovipositing as long as they are in contact with their
>> residues.  We really don’t know the mechanism of this mode of action, but
>> in many laboratory bioassays the flies will not lay eggs on treated apples,
>> although they remain alive.  So far, we would say that in most normal US
>> orchards, which are presumed to be initially free from internal AM
>> infestations and are not near abandoned orchards and other large sources of
>> unsprayed host trees, we have not seen control failures or even increased
>> damage in orchards that are not treated with organophosphates, although AM
>> catches in monitoring traps placed along the edges of these orchards
>> appears to be higher than when they were sprayed with organophosphates.
>>
>>  As far as efficacy, Calypso is definitely the most effective of the new
>> insecticides, followed by Assail.  Delegate and Altacor also have some
>> activity, but would probably not provide control in orchards with internal
>> infestations or those that are near heavy unsprayed sources of infestations.
>>
>>  Art
>>
>>   --
>> Arthur M. Agnello
>> Professor and Extension Tree Fruit Entomologist
>> Dept. of Entomologya...@cornell.edu
>> N.Y.S. Agric. Expt. Sta.Tel: 315-787-2341
>> 630 W. North St.   Fax: 315-787-2326
>> Geneva, NY  14456-1371
>> http://web.entomology.cornell.edu/agnello/links.html
>> Scaffolds Fruit Journal online:
>> http://www.scaffolds.entomology.cornell.edu/index.html
>>
>>   From: Dave Kollas 
>> Reply-To: Apple-crop discussion list 
>> Date: Fri, Aug 2 10:44 AM
>> To: Apple-crop discussion list 
>> Subject: Re: [apple-crop] Residual pesticide activity
>>
>>
>>  Thank you for that, Peter.
>>
>>  I suppose that if the systemic activity of neonics is sufficient to
>> kill Apple Maggot eggs or larvae during a (two week?) period after
>> application,
>> and  up to 2 inches rainfall, they could be expected to be as good as
>> Imidan or Guthion, regardless of whether the adults are killed by fruit or
>> foliar contact.
>> Or, perhaps female flies are killed by ovipositor contact with systemic
>> neonic during egg insertion?  My guess is that such studies have not been
>> made.
>>
>>  David Kollas
>>
>>  On Aug 2, 2013, at 8:55 AM, Peter J. Jentsch wrote:
>>
>>   Hi David,
>>
>> John Wise, **Michigan State University, Department of Entomology, wr