RE: Religion and State
Besides World Tribunal, Guardian Writings refer to World Parliament too. Dear Firouz, This is the explanation which the House gives in its letter of April 27, 1995: The Administrative Order is certainly the nucleus and pattern of the World Order of Bahá'u'lláh, but it is in embryonic form, and must undergo major evolutionary developments in the course of time. Certain passages in the writings on this subject establish matters of principle, certain ones describe the ultimate goal of the Most Great Peace, and certain of them relate to stages of development on the way to the attainment of that goal. For example, in this familiar passage in His Will and Testament, `Abdu'l-Bahá states: This House of Justice enacteth the laws and the government enforceth them. The legislative body must reinforce the executive, the executive must aid and assist the legislative body so that through the close union and harmony of these two forces, the foundation of fairness and justice may become firm and strong, that all the regions of the world may become even as Paradise itself. In response to a question about the government in the above passage, Shoghi Effendi's secretary wrote on his behalf, on 18 April 1941, the following clarification: By Government ... is meant the executive body which will enforce the laws when the Bahá'í Faith has reached the point when it is recognized and accepted entirely by any particular nation. The same relationship between legislature and executive is expressed in the well-known passage in the Unfoldment of World civilization, showing how one principle is applied over successive periods. A world executive, backed by an international force, will carry out the decisions arrived at, and apply the laws enacted by, this world legislature, and will safeguard the organic unity of the whole commonwealth. http://bahai-library.com/?file=uhj_theocracy.html Here is from the World Order of Baha'u'llah: Such a state will have to include within its orbit an international executive adequate to enforce supreme and unchallengeable authority on every recalcitrant member of the commonwealth; a world parliament whose members shall be elected by the people in their respective countries and whose election shall be 41 confirmed by their respective governments; and a supreme tribunal whose judgment will have a binding effect even in such cases where the parties concerned did not voluntarily agree to submit their case to its consideration. Does Abdu'l-Baha or Guardian have prophecy power? Are they prophets? For example, the Lesser Peace happening in 20th century did not come true. Now I hear that Lesser Peace is a process and it started in last century, but I don't think so. I don't honestly know whether the Guardian and Abdu'l-Baha had prophetic powers or not. I think the station of Abdu'l-Baha was likely greater than that of the Lesser Prophets of the Old Testament and the Guardian's station may well have been the equivalent. However, I don't think of prophecy as fortune-telling whether it relates to a Manifestation or a holy being of a lesser station. The purpose of prophecy is to state where we are headed in the present. I don't think it means that accidents can't happen to change what is foretold. For instance, one of the reasons we know prophecies containd in the second part of the book of Isaiah were made prior to Cyrus' invasion of Babylon and not after the fact, is because the writer or Deutero-Isaiah predicted that Cyrus would destroy the Temple of the Babylonian gods and rob it of its treasures as had been done to the Jewish Temple. It turned out that Cyrus conquered Babylon with the coperation of the Babylonian priesthood and claimed to be acting at the behest of their own gods. The temple was left untouched. Don't you think that some of the Guardian's prophecies about the future and about the future world order might not occur as expected. Yes, I think that is quite possible. I think it is even probable that we won't see the Most Great Peace in this dispensation. But I don't think that changes the vision that the Writings have of what ought to be. What I am trying to say here we really don't know the nature of the future world government. So better for us not to advocate something that we don't know about. You are talking about two different things here. Yes, we cannot know ultimately what will be. But I think the Writings do indicate what we should be advocating, in other words, what ought to be. Already many foes are accusing Baha'is of taking over the world government which to my opinion is not true. Not in the sense they mean, no. warmest, Susan __ You are subscribed to Baha'i Studies as: mailto:archive@mail-archive.com To unsubscribe, send a blank email to mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] To subscribe, use subscribe bahai-st in the message body to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Baha'i Studies is available through the following: Mail -
RE: Religion and State
But I don't think the House will legislate all the Ahkam-i-madaniyyih or a detailed Qanun for various countries. Dear Firuoz, Well, we do have national and local Houses of Justice as well. I m not sure why. Maybe Guardian never read this letter. Maybe this was a personal opinion of Guardian not an interpretation of Baha'i Writings. Huh? He was elucidating the structure of the Baha'i World Order! Don't forget the Guardian is supposed to be infallible in protecting the Cause as well. If he were to so distort Baha'u'llah's intentions regarding the future wouldn't that be both an interpretative and protection matter? Actually I have seen a few letters on behalf of His secretary which did not make much sense to me. Don't make sense, or you don't agree with? I am not really sure what exactly meant by written on behalf of Guardian. Did all letter written on His behalf went through the same procedures. Any quality control? I thought I already gave you the reference for that. It is a statement written in the Guardian's own pen: I wish to add and say that whatever letters are sent in my behalf from Haifa are all read and approved by me before mailing. There is no exception whatever to this rule. warmest, Susan __ You are subscribed to Baha'i Studies as: mailto:archive@mail-archive.com To unsubscribe, send a blank email to mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] To subscribe, use subscribe bahai-st in the message body to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Baha'i Studies is available through the following: Mail - mailto:bahai-st@list.jccc.edu Web - http://list.jccc.edu/read/?forum=bahai-st News - news://list.jccc.edu/bahai-st Public - http://www.escribe.com/religion/bahaist Old Public - http://www.mail-archive.com/bahai-st@list.jccc.net New Public - http://www.mail-archive.com/bahai-st@list.jccc.edu
Re: Religion and State
Dear Susan, I am sure you have read the following, but let's once more have a look at them: For example, the question of Universal Peace, about which His Holiness Bahá'u'lláh says that the Supreme Tribunal must be established: although the League of Nations has been brought into existence, yet it is incapable of establishing Universal Peace. But the Supreme Tribunal which His Holiness Bahá'u'lláh has described will fulfil this sacred task with the utmost might and power. And His plan is this: that the national assemblies of each country and nation -- that is to say parliaments -- should elect two or three persons who are the choicest men of that nation, and are well informed concerning international laws and the relations between governments and aware of the essential needs of the world of humanity in this day. The number of these representatives should be in proportion to the number of inhabitants of that country. The election of these souls who are chosen by the national assembly, that is, the parliament, must be confirmed by the upper house, the congress and the cabinet and also by the president or monarch so these persons may be the elected ones of all the nation and the government. From among these people the members of the Supreme Tribunal will be elected, and all mankind will thus have a share therein, for every one of these delegates is fully representative of his nation. When the Supreme Tribunal gives a ruling on any international question, either unanimously or by majority-rule, there will no longer be any pretext for the plaintiff or ground of objection for the defendant. In case any of the governments or nations, in the execution of the irrefutable decision of the Supreme Tribunal, be negligent or dilatory, the rest of the nations will rise up against it, because all the governments and nations of the world are the supporters of this Supreme Tribunal. Consider what a firm foundation this is! But by a limited and restricted League the purpose will not be realized as it ought and should. This is the truth about the situation, which has been stated. (Abdu'l-Baha, Baha'i World Faith - Abdu'l-Baha Section, p. 291) From above I conclude that that the members of this Supreme Tribunal are from among all nations and their qualifications are very different from the election of the House of Justice. Non-Baha'is and women can be members of this world parliment. Should differences arise, they shall be amicably and conclusively settled by the Supreme Tribunal, that shall include members from all the governments and peoples of the world. (Abdu'l-Baha, The Will and Testament, p. 13) Again above we see that Abdu'l-Baha confirms that the members of this world Tribunal includes all the peoples of the world, men, women, Baha'is and non-Baha'is. The Supreme Tribunal is an aspect of a world Superstate; the exact nature of its relationship to that state we cannot at present foresee. Supreme Tribunal is the correct translation; it will be a contributing factor in establishing the Lesser Peace. (Shoghi Effendi, Directives from the Guardian, p. 69) To me Guardian is saying that we cannot foresee the exact nature of its relationship with the state. Now what I personally can conclude from all the above and the letter written on behalf of the Guardian is this: World tribunal and Universal House of Justice could merge if and only if all the peoples of the earth become Baha'is and women are allowed to be elected in this merged body. Really speaking I believe that we cannot foresee at this time in history how the future world government operate and its relationship with the UHJ. So I would like to suggest we should not advocate one way or the other. But it seems to me that at present majority of Baha'is do think similar to yours for a future super state and I would like to down play such a concept that I consider is not really healthy for the progress of the Faith. regards, Firouz __ You are subscribed to Baha'i Studies as: mailto:archive@mail-archive.com To unsubscribe, send a blank email to mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] To subscribe, use subscribe bahai-st in the message body to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Baha'i Studies is available through the following: Mail - mailto:bahai-st@list.jccc.edu Web - http://list.jccc.edu/read/?forum=bahai-st News - news://list.jccc.edu/bahai-st Public - http://www.escribe.com/religion/bahaist Old Public - http://www.mail-archive.com/bahai-st@list.jccc.net New Public - http://www.mail-archive.com/bahai-st@list.jccc.edu
Re: Religion and State
Draer Susan Steve, I would like to thankboth of you for responding to me on this topic. I do appreciate your time. I willfurther appreciate your feedback here. My purpose is to make things more clear in my own mind. Susan, you wrote: "The reference to the House of Justice making civil law can be found in 'Abdu' l-Bahá's Tablet on the the Universal House of Justice and the principles of jurisprudence which can be found here: http://bahai-library.com/provisionals/bayt.adl.usul.qadai.au.html" I read http://bahai-library.com/provisionals/bayt.adl.usul.qadai.au.html and I do not think that "the wisdom of referring the laws of society to the House of Justice" the laws of society means civil laws, because further Abdu'l-Baha compares it with Islamic law. Bylaws of society, I guess Abdu'l-Baha is referring to the social aspects of Baha'i law. Foe example, the punishmentfor adultery, etc. The first paragraph of theTablet says "Before all else, this divine cycle is purely heavenly and spiritual, and concerned with the matters of the soul. It hath but little connection to physical, temporal, or worldly matters." How then UHJ could involve in legistlation of civil laws? I have not read the original Persian of thisTabletor to whhat question Abdu'l-Baha was replying. Do you haveany more information? Also you mentioned that the UHJ is a legistlative body, but in matters of religions it seems they are also an executive body, for example they can decide how the various funds and Huquq'u'llah to be spent. In Kitab-i-Aqdas, Baha'u'llah states: 82: Ye are but vassals, O kings of the earth! He Who is the King of Kings hath appeared, arrayed in His most wondrous glory, and is summoning you unto Himself ... Arise, and serve Him Who is the Desire of all nations, Who hath created you through a word from Him, and _ordained you to be, for all time, the emblems of His sovereignty._ 83: By the righteousness of God! _It is not Our wish to lay hands on your kingdoms. Our mission is to seize and possess the hearts of men. Upon them the eyes of Baha are fastened. To this testifieth the Kingdom of Names, could ye but comprehend it._ Whoso followeth his Lord will renounce the world and all that is therein; how much greater, then, must be the detachment of Him Who holdeth so august a station! Forsake your palaces, and haste ye to gain admittance into His Kingdom. This, indeed, will profit you both in this world and in the next ... In K 82 Baha'u'llah is referrring to kings as the emblems of God's sovereignty for all times. Since this function of the kings is"'for all time," the phrase "forsake your palaces" in K83 clearly does not mean 'give up your thrones'. Moreover K84 praises "the king who will arise to aid My Cause in My kingdom," which clearly envisions kings exercising power into the future. This passage is also interesting for differentiating between 'My Cause' and 'My kingdom,' presumably representing the spiritual and temporal domains, respectively. All are commanded to aid such a king "to unlock the cities with the keys of My Name," (K84) that is, to use words and persuasion to extend the influence of Baha'u'llah's teachings. 93: ... Erelong will the state of affairs within thee [i.e., Tehran] be changed, and the reins of power fall into the hands of the people. ... At about the time of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1905-6, Abdu'l-Baha wrote that "...Constitutional Government, according to the irrefutable text of the Religion of God, is the cause of the glory and prosperity of the nation and the civilization and freedom of the people." (Tablets of `Abdu'l-Baha Abbas 492) While the Kitab-e Aqdas is not mentioned here, it seems likely that this is what Abdu'l-Baha means by 'the irrefutable text,' i.e., that Abdu'l-Baha considered this paragraph of the Aqdas as endorsing a democratic government with a constitutional monarchy, at least for Iran. You also quoted from Star of the West, Vol. VII, No. 15, pp. 138-139: "Thee centre of the executive power is the government, and the legislative power lies in the hands of thoughtful and wise men ". Further you mentioned that "... however legislative functions are given,not to learned clerics but to the elected consultative assemblies, in other words, the Houses of Justice.". I would like to ask you what makes the members of houses of justice to be "thoughtful and and wise men". The letter you refer to says this: The Universal Court of Arbitration and the International Tribunal are the same. When the Baha'i State will be established they will be merged in the Universal House of Justice. (17 June 1933, written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual believer)Since this is in a letter by one of the Guardian's secretaries, it is not part of the Holy Writings. An institutional merger is quite impossible, since 'Abdu'l-Baha explicitly laid down the voting systems for the
Re: Religion and State
In a message dated 1/17/2005 2:51:43 A.M. Central Standard Time, [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: I do not think that "the wisdom of referring the laws of society to the House of Justice" the laws of society means civil laws, Dear Firouz, My translation of akham-i madaniyyih here isthe quiteliteral, though it varies slightly from the authorized translation. Akham means regulations and madaniyyah is from a root meaning city, as in Medina.The term'civil' is derived fromthe Latin*civitas* meaning city. I have not read the original Persian of thisTabletor to whhat question Abdu'l-Baha was replying. Do you haveany more information? I don't have the question he was responding to, but I have seen the Persian. That's why I translated the term as I did. Also you mentioned that the UHJ is a legistlative body, but in matters of religions it seems they are also an executive body, for example they can decide how the various funds and Huquq'u'llah to be spent. Well, legislatures do usually decide the budget. ;-} However, distribution of Huquqwas originally one of the functions of the Guardian which fell to the House more or less by default. It is actually the more 'secular' funds as Steve Cooney enumerates (as well as waqf), which the House was given explicit jurisdiction over. In any case, don't seeany justification for the Houseas exercising executive power in a Baha'i commonwealth as opposed to the religious affairs of the Baha'i community. In K 82 Baha'u'llah is referrring to kings as the emblems of God's sovereignty for all times. Except there is another passage where He talks about power being taken to the kings and given to the people. But that is a description of what is happening even now. I don't have any problem with the notion of kings co-existing with Baha'i institutions and certainly don't envision them giving up their thrones when they become Baha'is or even when we have a Baha'i commonwealth. As I indicated, it is my understanding that Houses of Justice are to be legislatures. Kings could certainly continue to be the executive under such circumstances.. At about the time of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1905-6, Abdu'l-Baha wrote that "...Constitutional Government, according to the irrefutable text of the Religion of God, is the cause of the glory and prosperity of the nation and the civilization and freedom of the people." (Tablets of `Abdu'l-Baha Abbas 492) While the Kitab-e Aqdas is not mentioned here, it seems likely that this is what Abdu'l-Baha means by 'the irrefutable text,' i.e., that Abdu'l-Baha considered this paragraph of the Aqdas as endorsing a democratic government with a constitutional monarchy, at least for Iran. I'm not sure what point you are trying to make here. The Baha'i system is not undemocratic anymore than it is anti-monarchical. You also quoted from Star of the West, Vol. VII, No. 15, pp. 138-139: "Thee centre of the executive power is the government, and the legislative power lies in the hands of thoughtful and wise men ". Further you mentioned that "... however legislative functions are given,not to learned clerics but to the elected consultative assemblies, in other words, the Houses of Justice.". I would like to ask you what makes the members of houses of justice to be "thoughtful and and wise men". Because of the part which follows which for some inexplicable reason you just cut out: Thus it is of the utmost importance to establish an assembly of learned men, who, being proficient in the different sciences and capable of dealing with all the present and future requirements will settle the questions in accordance with forbearance and firmness. All the civic affairs and the legislation of material laws for the increasing needs of the enlightened humanity belong to the House of Justice. This the House of Justice, will be not only a body for the legislation of laws according to the spirit and requirement of the time, but a board of arbitration for the settlement of all disputes arising between peoples. When the Universal House of Justice is organized the members will do their utmost for the realization of greater cordiality and comity amongst the nations. The Laws of Bahá'u'lláh are the unchangeable, organic laws of the Universal House of Justice. They are the very foundation upon which the structure of additional legislation is built... Again, I repeat, the House of Justice, whether National or Universal, has only legislative power and not executive power... ( Star of the West, Vol. VII, No. 15, pp. 138-139) Note this last sentence is a reiteration of the first sentence you quoted. You wrote: "Since this is in a letter by one of the Guardian's secretaries, it is not part of the Holy Writings." They are still authoritative and it is from these that we get most ofthe Guardian's authoritative interpretations
Re: Religion and State
In a message dated 1/18/2005 12:36:22 A.M. Central Standard Time, [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Of course, in context, `Abdu'l-Baha is referring to legislative deductions. Correct. But the issue of the proper relationship between religion and state is a matter of law. warmest, Susan __ You are subscribed to Baha'i Studies as: mailto:archive@mail-archive.com To unsubscribe, send a blank email to mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] To subscribe, use subscribe bahai-st in the message body to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Baha'i Studies is available through the following: Mail - mailto:bahai-st@list.jccc.edu Web - http://list.jccc.edu/read/?forum=bahai-st News - news://list.jccc.edu/bahai-st Public - http://www.escribe.com/religion/bahaist Old Public - http://www.mail-archive.com/bahai-st@list.jccc.net New Public - http://www.mail-archive.com/bahai-st@list.jccc.edu
Re: Religion and State
Dear Susan, Thanks so much for your detailed email explaining the relationship between state and religion in Baha'i Faith. Still I have a few questions. I am away from home for a few days, I would like to read the references you quoted and I will get back with my questions. I do appreciate your comments on this topic as it has always been a controversialquestion for me specially after Islamic revolution in Iran. Best regards, Firouz __ You are subscribed to Baha'i Studies as: mailto:archive@mail-archive.com To unsubscribe, send a blank email to mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] To subscribe, use subscribe bahai-st in the message body to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Baha'i Studies is available through the following: Mail - mailto:bahai-st@list.jccc.edu Web - http://list.jccc.edu/read/?forum=bahai-st News - news://list.jccc.edu/bahai-st Public - http://www.escribe.com/religion/bahaist Old Public - http://www.mail-archive.com/bahai-st@list.jccc.net New Public - http://www.mail-archive.com/bahai-st@list.jccc.edu
Re: Religion and State
Susan, At the top of the document Jonah states "Note: the article "Church and State in the World Order of Baha'u'llah," by Sen McGlinn, also addresses these issues." Is this the document that the Universal House of Justice isrefuting?[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: My understanding is that the word siyasat in 19th century (and early 20th century) Persian and Arabic means leadership and not politics as it is commonly used. The 1943 translation of the eighth Ishraq in the Baha'i World Faith reads: "Administrative affair are all in charge of the House of Justice, and devotional acts must be observed according as they are revealed in the Book." This is a translation by Ali Kuli Khan in 1906. Dear Firouz, And as you know, it has been consistently translated as 'matters'of state' or 'affairs of state' ever since. The term siyasat does come from a root meaning leadership, however, the term came to increasingly refer to statecraft well before the 19th century. I presume you are familiar with the Siyasat Name, by Nizamu'l-Mulk. It is the mos! t famous Iranian book of statecraft and was written in the 11th century, I believe. In any case, particularly, it would not make much sense to translate amur siyasat as "administrative affairs' because the passage is talking about the use of reward and punishment. Without temporal power, the Houses of Justice aren't going to be able to administer much in the way of that. Shoghi Effendi, in a letter written on his behalf, has his secretary write the following: "Eventually, however, as you have rightly conceived it, the Movement will, as soon as it is fully developed and recognized, embrace both religious and political issues. In fact Bahá'u'lláh clearly states that affairs of state as well as religious questions are to be referred to the House of Justice into which the Assemblies of the Bahá'ís will eventually evolve." 30 November 1930. Cited in a letter written on behalf of the Universal House of Justice and addressed to Sen McGlinn April 27, 1995. Abdu! 'l-Baha also makes it perfectly clear that the Houses of Justice have jurisdiction over enacting secular [qanun] and civil law [akham-i madaniyyih] as well. *Qanun * or secular law, is the word used in the passage from the Will and Testament: "The House of Justice enacteth the law and the government enforceth it." The reference to the House of Justice making civil law can be found in 'Abdu' l-Bahá's Tablet on the the Universal House of Justice and the principles of jurisprudence which can be found here: http://bahai-library.com/provisionals/bayt.adl.usul.qadai.au.html You wrote cited the following passage from the Lawh-i Dunya: "According to the fundamental laws which We have formerly revealed in the Kitab-i-Aqdas and other Tablets, all affairs are committed to the care of just kings and presidents and of the Trustees of the House of Justice. ... "" What Baha'u'llah is doing here is making the distinction between the legisla! tive and executive functions. The same distinction is made by Abdu'l-Baha in the Will and Testament when He says "This House of Justice enacteth the laws and the government enforceth them. The legislative body must reinforce the executive, the executive must aid and assist the legislative body so that through the close union and harmony of these two forces, the foundation of fairness and justice may become firm and strong ..." Likewise there is a talk given by Abdu'l-Baha, recorded in Star of the West wherein He reiterates this point: "Thee centre of the executive power is the government, and the legislative power lies in the hands of thoughtful and wise men. On the other hand, if these strong pillars and firm foundations are not complete and comprehensive, how can it be supposed that there will be safety and salvation for the nation? But as, in these latter days, such excellency is rare, the government and the whole body of the nation are in sore need of just and di! scerning directions. Thus it is of the utmost importance to establish an assembly of learned men, who, being proficient in the different sciences and capable of dealing with all the present and future requirements will settle the questions in accordance with forbearance and firmness. All the civic affairs and the legislation of material laws for the increasing needs of the enlightened humanity belong to the House of Justice. This the House of Justice, will be not only a body for the legislation of laws according to the spirit and requirement of the time, but a board of arbitration for the settlement of all disputes arising between peoples. When the Universal House of Justice is organized the members will do their utmost for the realization of greater cordiality and comity amongst the nations. The Laws of Bahá'u'lláh are the unchangeable, organic laws of the Universal House of Justice. They are the very foundation upon which the structure of additional legislation is built... Again, ! I repeat, the House of Justice, whether National or
Re: Religion and State
In a message dated 1/14/2005 3:47:37 P.M. Central Standard Time, [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: At the top of the document Jonah states "Note: the article "Church and State in the World Order of Baha'u'llah," by Sen McGlinn, also addresses these issues." Is this the document that the Universal House of Justice isrefuting? Dear John, I think that article was written after Sen McGlinn received this letter but Sen had expressed these arguments earlier on the internet. When Sen subsequently wrote the World Centre asking for information regardingcertain documents on this topic, the House of Justice apparently took advantage of that opportunity to correcthiserrors. However, Sen never refers to this letter in any of his later articles on the same topic which argue the same position as he had before; a position which the House also disallows in the April 7, 1999letter where they write the following: "The effort, rather, has been to sow the seeds of doubt among believers about the Faith's teachings and institutions by appealing to unexamined prejudices that Bahá'ís may have unconsciously absorbed from non-Bahá'í society. In defiance of the clear interpretation of 'Abdu'l-Bahá and the Guardian, for example, Bahá'u'lláh's limiting of membership on the Universal House of Justice to men is misrepresented as merely a "temporary measure" subject to eventual revision if sufficient pressure is brought to bear. Similarly, Shoghi Effendi's explanation of Bahá'u'lláh's vision of the future Bahá'í World Commonwealth that will unite spiritual and civil authority is dismissed in favour of the assertion that the modern political concept of "separation of church and state" is somehow one that Bahá'u'lláh intended as a basic principle of the World Order He has founded." http://bahai-library.com/?file=compilation_issues_study_bahai.html The latestincarnation ofSen's argument is the article: "Theocratic Assumptions in Bahá'í Literature" which was published in the book *Reason and Revelation*. You can read my review of that article here: http://theocracy.susanmaneck.com/ Because Sen has made the same argument in so many forms, which got published in a couple of places, and because those same articles weredistributed widely on the internet many of the friends have accepted this positionunaware that the House has refuted it. warmest, Susan __ You are subscribed to Baha'i Studies as: mailto:archive@mail-archive.com To unsubscribe, send a blank email to mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] To subscribe, use subscribe bahai-st in the message body to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Baha'i Studies is available through the following: Mail - mailto:bahai-st@list.jccc.edu Web - http://list.jccc.edu/read/?forum=bahai-st News - news://list.jccc.edu/bahai-st Public - http://www.escribe.com/religion/bahaist Old Public - http://www.mail-archive.com/bahai-st@list.jccc.net New Public - http://www.mail-archive.com/bahai-st@list.jccc.edu
