On Tuesday, September 5, 2017 at 3:12:44 AM UTC+3, michael.ja...@gmail.com 
wrote:
>
> I am attempting to design a power backup for the beaglebone to ensure 
> corruption does not occur when power is lost. I understand this can happen. 
> Apparently it has happened with this product.
>

My experience shows that the ext4 file system with journaling enabled does 
occasionally become corrupt when pulling the plug, although I've tried to 
avoid writing to the eMMC (no read-only root, just redirected all 
disk-hoggers to tmpfs-s in RAM). Still, during first half of the year I've 
had 3-4 cases of file system corruption among a set of ~10 devices which 
get their plug pulled daily (they are powered by street lighting circuits 
which are off during daytime). 

The easiest software "fix" I've come up with so far is mandatory fsck (the 
file system checker) on boot. This requires adding "fsck.mode=force 
fsck.repair=yes" to the kernel command line in /boot/uEnv.txt. On my desk 
it revives the corrupt ext4 file system automatically. Definitely not 
ideal, but the probability of ending up with an non-booting system is 
reduced (can't give stats, been only running this for 2 months). 
 

> Q1. In the real world, how long does the beaglebone black take to shutdown?
>

For me, around 8 seconds with a recent Debian 8.6 or 9.1 from 
https://rcn-ee.net/ (some services, some networking). I've seen bad network 
configuration delay it by another 5-10 seconds.
 

> Q2. Apparently the power button is held down for 8 seconds. Does this 
> shutdown period commence from the end of that 8 seconds?
>

Pressing and immediately releasing the power button will trigger a 
software-initiated shutdown. Holding the power button down will probably do 
a "hard" shutdown, i.e. power will be cut.
 

> Q3. From the notes left to me, I'm assuming the continuous current 
> consumption to be 500mA at the 5V supply. Would anyone have an idea of what 
> that may be during the shutdown period.
>

You'd have to measure that. I doubt it'll be any different from normal 
operation, unless shutdown triggers some externally connected HW to consume 
more. 

--
Kind regards,
Tarmo Kuuse

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