Re: [CentOS] Hi

[Carl T. Miller]

On 12/31/2012 10:14 AM, Derek Stewart wrote:
> Just joinedthe mailing list.
>
> I am new to Centos, anybody got any tips.

Hi Derek,

Welcome to the list.

My suggestion would be to install centos and start configuring it to
do everything you want it to do.  It might take some time, so you
might want to install it on another computer or on a virtual machine.

If you're running a 64 bit version of Linux on a computer with virtual-
ization support enabled, consider using KVM for a virtual environment.
Otherwise consider installing VirtualBox.  Either one will let you
create a VM for experimentation while you keep your main workstation
fully functional.

Also, check out the www.centos.org website.  The wiki and howtos are
very good.  If you have a nearby Linux Users Group, try to attend a
meeting and/or join their mailing list.

c
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Re: [CentOS] wiping out data on a disk (no physical acess to the machine)

[Carl T. Miller]

On 01/08/2013 05:06 PM, Yungwei Chen wrote:
> I need to securely wipe out a disk on a remote machine, but I don't have 
> access to that machine.
> Therefore I cannot use the LiveCD+shred (or dd) combination.
> Besides manually shreding known data files, I am wondering if there is a 
> (free) tool that can be used in my case.
> Thanks.

I hoping that you mean to physical access but you can make
an ssh connection.  If so, here are the steps.  Note that you'll
need to replace /dev/sdXX with the device of your swap part-
ition and /dev/sdX with the device of the hard drive.  It will
run for several hours and leave you with a blank hard drive.

1)   connect using ssh and stop all services
2)   swapoff /dev/sdXX
3)   shred -n5 -z -v /dev/sdX
4)   echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
6)   echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger

c

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Re: [CentOS] wiping out data on a disk (no physical acess to the machine)

[Carl T. Miller]

On 01/12/2013 07:03 PM, Gordon Messmer wrote:
> On 01/08/2013 02:36 PM, Carl T. Miller wrote:
>> 1)   connect using ssh and stop all services
>> 2)   swapoff /dev/sdXX
>> 3)   shred -n5 -z -v /dev/sdX
>
> I assume that all of the disks are to be shredded.  Shredding non-system
> disks wouldn't be difficult enough to ask about.  If you shred a mounted
> filesystem, the kernel will probably panic if it tries to read from the
> filesystem after shred starts overwriting data.
>
>> 4)   echo 1>  /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
>> 6)   echo o>  /proc/sysrq-trigger
>
> You wouldn't be able to do that once shred had run.

Hmm.  I find it odd that you're saying something doesn't work when I've
seen it work.  Don't forget shred is loaded into memory and that echo is
an internal command and hence stored in memory.  The final command turns
off the system, effectively clearing the memory.

c



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[CentOS] suggestions for simple audio editor

[Carl T. Miller]

I want to grab some sound bites out of several mp4 files, so I
extracted the audio portion into wav files to make editing easier.

After trying several Google searches, it looks like audacity is
the audio editor of choice, but I'm finding it very difficult to
work with.  Notably I am not able to make a selection with finer
granularity than a full second.

Are there any simple audio file editors that you can recommend?
I'd like to find something more intuitive than audacity, but am
not having much luck with my searches using yum and google.

c
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Re: [CentOS] suggestions for simple audio editor

[Carl T. Miller]

On 02/28/2013 09:38 AM, Fred Smith wrote:
> On Thu, Feb 28, 2013 at 01:21:50PM +, Nux! wrote:
>> On 28.02.2013 12:32, Carl T. Miller wrote:
>> After trying several Google searches, it looks like audacity is
>> the audio editor of choice, but I'm finding it very difficult to
>> work with.  Notably I am not able to make a selection with finer
>> granularity than a full second.
> I don't understand,... I can select very fine-grained selections in
> Audacity. You probably need to zoom in on the track so you can position
> the cursor properly, but once you've done so, you can select very
> precisely.

Yes, that's what I expected.  But even after zooming in with
the zoom tool to where I see hundreths of a second, I still
cannot select less than a full second at a time.

>>> Are there any simple audio file editors that you can recommend?
>>> I'd like to find something more intuitive than audacity, but am
>>> not having much luck with my searches using yum and google.
>> If you're only interested into cutting out part of the audio, ffmpeg
>> can extract certain intervals and I think it has a finer granularity.
Nux, I was hoping to find a gui to do it all.  For now I'll try
using audacity to find the start/finish times and then ffmpeg
to extract.
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Re: [CentOS] suggestions for simple audio editor

[Carl T. Miller]

On 02/28/2013 08:15 PM, Rob Kampen wrote:
> On 03/01/2013 07:24 AM, Fred Smith wrote:
>> What I think you're saying is: if you place the cursor at a location
>> that is, e.g., 1.43 seconds into the clip, right-click then drag (in
>> either direction) until you've selected the part you want to cut, that
>> Audacity moves the endpoints of you selection from where you put them
>> to a whole-second point?
 >
> I just wonder if this is an artifact from having started with an mp3
> rather than a proper wave file?

I finally figured out what the problem was.  I started audacity at the
shell prompt with the name of my wav file as a parameter.  After doing
more searching, I found that audacity will not allow edits to an
original file.  So I started audacity without any parameters, opened
the wav file, and saved it as a project.  I was then able to edit it.

I just wish that audacity warned me that I was in readonly mode.
Otherwise everything else about it was pretty intuitive.  Thanks for
all of the suggestions!

c

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Re: [CentOS] How to make a network interface come up automatically on link up?

[Carl T. Miller]

On 04/23/2013 05:25 AM, John Doe wrote:
> From: Joakim Ziegler 
>
>> As I'd mentioned before, the problem isn't that the interface doesn't
>> come up on boot, it does, but since it's a point to point interface,
>> when I reboot the computer on the other end, it goes down and doesn't
>> come back up automatically. That is, link going down and up makes the
>> network configuration stay down, I have to manually take the interface
>> down and back up to make it work again.
>
> Not the solution you want but, as a last resort, you could always have a
> cron script that checks every minute if the link is down...

Or consider putting "* * * * * /sbin/ifup eth2" in root's crontab.  If
eth2 is up, it simply rereads the configs (which haven't changed).  If
it was down, it brings it up.

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Re: [CentOS] Kickstart and volume group with a dash in the name

[Carl T. Miller]

On 05/02/2013 12:13 PM, Dennis Jacobfeuerborn wrote:
> Hi,
> I'm trying to setup the provisioning of new OpenStack hypervisors with
> cinder volumes on them. The problem is that kickstart doesn't allow
> dashed in volume group names?
> I tried this:
>
> volgroup cinder-volumes --pesize=4096 pv.02
>
> and this:
>
> volgroup cinder--volumes --pesize=4096 pv.02
>
> but in both cases I end up with a volume group named "cindervolumes" on
> the system. Any idea what I have to do to accomplish this?
> Defining VGs with dashes works perfectly fine on the command line.

If you have commands that work on the command line,
try adding them to the post install section of the kickstart file.

c

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[CentOS] convert webpage to image

[Carl T. Miller]

What is the easiest way to convert a webpage into a jpg
or png file?  I've seen several programs that can do
various conversions, but nothing open source that can
do it in a single conversion.

Just wondering if anyone on the list has suggestions
for something I can put into a script to convert a
webpage into a file I can use with my screensaver.

c


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Re: [CentOS] convert webpage to image

[Carl T. Miller]

Brian Mathis wrote:
> On Wed, Aug 14, 2013 at 8:47 AM, Carl T. Miller  wrote:
>
>> What is the easiest way to convert a webpage into a jpg
>> or png file?  I've seen several programs that can do
>> various conversions, but nothing open source that can
>> do it in a single conversion.
>
> This will do exactly what you want without resorting to hackery or using
> external services.  It has a component to convert to both pdf or an image
> and uses webkit.
> http://code.google.com/p/wkhtmltopdf/

Yes, this looks like a winner.  It looks like wkhtmltoimage
will do everything I want.  Thanks!

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Re: [CentOS] Back-up connection

[Carl T. Miller]

Timothy Murphy wrote:
> The problem in both places is that the ADSL modem sometimes goes off,
> and the only way to turn it back on seems to be
> to disconnect and re-connect the power supply.

I had a similar problem with a cable modem.  My relatively
inexpensive solution was to buy an X-10 Firecracker kit and
build bottlerocket from http://www.linuxha.com/bottlerocket/.

I then set up a cron job to test the Internet connection
every minute and reset the power whenever it failed.

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Re: [CentOS] Red Hat CEO: Go Ahead, Copy Our Software

[Carl T. Miller]

Johnny Hughes wrote:
> If you are asking for an opinion, I actually agree that they (Red Hat)
> should also give it away for free.  However, nothing requires them to do
> so.   Since they didn't, CentOS was created and fills that niche.

Hmm.  In my opinion, Red Hat is doing the right thing.  I
learned long ago that customers fall into a quadrant of
being high profit or low profit and low maintenance or
high maintenance.  It's always a good decision to drop
the low profit and high maintenance customers.

By doing this, Red Hat keeps a good reputation since it
can avoid dealing with users who are most likely to have
a bad experience due to unrealistic expectations.

I'm just glad that they do provide the source code and
that the folks behind CentOS do everything that they do!

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Re: [CentOS] Problem with "yum update"

[Carl T. Miller]

Paul Johnson wrote:
> This is entirely correct.  Like many, I have been in dependency hell
> because of repo mistakes.  Please create a more direct way for new users
> to
> protect themselves. We used to caution people, but that's insufficient
> now.
> It should be in the base install.  I'd say it should be centos priority 1.

My recommendation would be to enable only the epel and
nux-dextop repos.  If you add any other third party repos,
have them be disabled.  My experience has been that epel
and nux-dextop do not cause dependency issues, and between
the two they provide almost everything I want.

Don't be surprised if they don't change anything in the
base install.  Remember that the whole point of CentOS
is to provide a system almost identical to what the
upstream source provides.

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Re: [CentOS] Looking for a tutorial or manpage describing sysctl params

[Carl T. Miller]

adr...@pa0rda.nl wrote:
> Hi,
> I'm looking for a toturial or manpage describing all the thing that you
> can set with sysctl on RHEL 6 or CentOS 6.
> It apperas the the default /etc/sysctl.conf coming with the distribution
> gives a couple of errors on bridgen.
> Any hints???

Sure.

Hint 1.  Find what rpm package installed the file.
rpm -qf /etc/sysctl.conf

Hint 2.  Find out what documentation came with that package.
rpm -qd initscripts

Hint 3.  See if you can find anything in those files.
(I didn't).

Hint 4.  Search for "linux sysctl howto"
(Reading a few pages let me know that it won't be a simple
webpage with all the answers.)

Hint 5.  Search for "linux sysctl parameters"
(One hit looks pretty good.  Read it for advice.)
http://archive09.linux.com/feature/146599

Hint 6.  Search for "linux sysctl bridgen"
Have fun!

c
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Re: [CentOS] redirecting web requests from localhost

[Carl T. Miller]

Miguel González wrote:
> However, the Java application running in the server tries to access
> some local web content. I have changed the hosts file and some
> applications (ping, wget) they get the local IP address. However
> nslookup and maybe our Java application (I didn´t have the programmer
> available to debug it) are getting the production server IP.
>
> So, how can I redirect for instance 443 traffic to a specific IP to
> the local IP address of the local server? I have tried this:
>
>  iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX -p tcp --dport 80
> -j DNAT --to YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY
>
>XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX - IP of production server
>
>YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY - local IP of the test server


I'm not sure how to manage this on the test server, but
I'm pretty sure this would work on the prod server.

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 443 -s YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY \
-m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j DNAT --to YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY:443
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -m conntrack --ctstate \
ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE

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Re: [CentOS] MIssing bell

[Carl T. Miller]

adr...@pa0rda.nl wrote:
> Hi,
> Earlier I asked how I could arrange a bell tone on my CentOS box.
> I have pcspkr loaded, I can play music over my boxes but the system beep
> or bell is missing.
> Seeveral people commented on gnome issues, but I'm using only text-mode.
> Whe I go down with the cursor e.g. on the command-line I dont hear
> anything. Is there a way to switch the bell/beep on???

The only way I know to alter the bell is using the
xset or setterm command.  Try running this to see if
it makes the bell audible.  If it does, add the line
to your .bashrc file.

setterm -bfreq 300 -blength 30

c


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[CentOS] exclude in a repo file

[Carl T. Miller]

Hi All,

I just discovered that the remi repo has updated versions
of firefox.  This is good news, but it leads me to a
question.

Is it possible to exclude all packages except one or two
in a repo file?  The man page for yum.conf didn't give me
any hints.  I tried unsuccessfully adding this line:

exclude=!firefox*,!xulrunner*

Is there a way to set up this repo so that when I run
"yum upgrade" it will only check the firefox and
xulrunner packages from the remi repo?

c


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Re: [CentOS] exclude in a repo file

[Carl T. Miller]

John R. Dennison wrote:
> On Tue, Sep 03, 2013 at 07:05:47AM -0400, Carl T. Miller wrote:
>>
>> Is there a way to set up this repo so that when I run
>> "yum upgrade" it will only check the firefox and
>> xulrunner packages from the remi repo?
>
> Add
>
> includepkgs=firefox xulrunner
>
> to the repo definition for remi.
>
> This will _only_ allow those specific packages from remi and exclude
> everything else.


Thanks.  That's exactly what I was looking for.  And I've
made a note to myself to not only search man page for the
a string, but to see if there is a separate man page for
the config file.

c


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Re: [CentOS] Setting up postfix under CentOS-6

[Carl T. Miller]

Timothy Murphy wrote:
> I'll try following the instructions in that document,
> as I have had no luck with the documents on www.postfix.org .

I have switched over from sendmail to postfix, and the
most difficult part was learning how simple it is to
configure postfix.  Once you get that, a quick web
search will let you know the postfix equivalent of
a sendmail setting, such as smarthost.

I'd be surprised if anything in that document is not
right.  If you find anything or you need assistance,
the list is here.

Use postconf with -d or -n to see default and non-
default configurations.  "man -a postconf" and is your
friend.  Also, check /var/log/maillog for errors after
making any configuration changes.  Some errors may not
appear for a day or two until a matching message is
received, for example with size restrictions.

> The changeover from sendmail to postfix in CentOS-6
> was probably a mistake, in my view, unless required to follow RedHat.
> At the very least proper documentation should be a pre-requisite
> for a change like this.

My two cents.  There's a good reason postfix has been
chosen to replace sendmail as the default MTA.  As with
anything new, it takes time to feel comfortable with it.

c


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Re: [CentOS] Evergreen ILS on CentOS?

[Carl T. Miller]

m.r...@5-cent.us wrote:
> I spent a number of hours at one of the local SF clubs turning a desktop
> into a dual-boot (if they ever need that for anything) CentOS 6.4 system,
> then trying to install Evergreen, an oss library package.
>
> Can you say, "dependency hell"?

Yes, I know what you mean.  A couple years ago I was
interested in getting Evergreen packaged for centos.
Some parts were rather easy to create an rpm file for,
but not others.  For me the killer was a perl module
that required another perl module.  And the second
module required the first.  I tried creating a single
rpm for both, but that didn't work.

At the time the developers were busy enough with other
problems that they weren't able to assist me.  My only
suggestion would be to try to install everything (in-
tead of packaging everything) and use cpan modules
liberally (something I had tried to avoid).

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Re: [CentOS] Run one-time startup script

[Carl T. Miller]

Kai Schaetzl wrote:
> Changes largely involve removing old files and putting new files in place
> (resolv.conf, hosts, sysconfig/network + network-scripts, firewall,
> postfix, httpd etc.). The only other change besides replacing files would
> be changing the IP address in a webcontrol interface in a MySQL table, so
> this part has to be done after MySQL startup.

If I needed to do this, I would start by making a tarball
of all files that need to changed.  Then I would edit the
files as needed and make a tarball of the new version.

Next I would write two scripts, one to enable the new
settings and one to restore the old settings.  At the
end of each script restart network services.  Then
create an at job to enable the new settings at now+2min
and another to restore the former settings at now+7min.

In two minutes you should be able to ssh to the host
and cancel the second at job.  If anything goes wrong,
just wait 5 minutes and old network settings are back.

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Re: [CentOS] Run one-time startup script

[Carl T. Miller]

Kai Schaetzl wrote:
> I have to change IP numbers across a number of virtual and physical
> machines because of network center move. This has to be done before
> network startup, of course. I'm thinking about the best method to do this.
> Where should I include/init this script? Or would it rather make more
> sense to do this on the last shutdown?

I just noticed that this is a one-time occurrence after
the move to a new network.  In this case there is no need
to schedule the at job.  Just make a backup of files you
are changing, then make the changes.  They will not take
effect immediately unless you restart any of the services.
(So don't restart an services or reboot the server prior
to the move.)

Plan a time to make the changes prior to shutting down at
the old data center.  They should come up correctly in the
new environment.

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Re: [CentOS] Chromium update

[Carl T. Miller]

Nux! wrote:
> On 20.09.2013 18:36, Robert Arkiletian wrote:
>> What about Midori browser?
>
> Newer Midori does not build on CentOS due to, you guessed it, too old
> deps versions.
>
> My advice to anyone who needs a good, solid browser is to use the stock
> one (Firefox ESR) or get the latest Firefox binary from ftp.mozilla.org
> if they really want to be bleeding edge.

Or consider using the Remi repo for firefox.  When I enabled
it I also added the includepkgs line to prevent updates to
other packages.

  rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm

  includepkgs:remi-release,firefox*,xulrunner*

  yum upgrade firefox

So far version 23.0.1 has worked flawlessly.

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[CentOS] Importing md5 encrypted passwords for el6

[Carl T. Miller]

In the process of replacing an el5 server, I have
installed el6 and scripted the creation of the users.
That worked flawlessly.  I then imported all the md5
encrypted passwords, and users cannot log in.  I see
that the new default encryption is sha512, but I
thought that only applied to creating new passwords
and not the decryption of existing passwords.

A couple of hours of reading man pages and Internet
searches has left me clueless.  Is there a way to
keep sha512 as the default and to enable usage of
md5 in addition to sha512?

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Re: [CentOS] Importing md5 encrypted passwords for el6

[Carl T. Miller]

Carl T. Miller wrote:
> A couple of hours of reading man pages and Internet
> searches has left me clueless.  Is there a way to
> keep sha512 as the default and to enable usage of
> md5 in addition to sha512?

Yes, I'm embarrassed.  After asking for help, I
double-checked the shadow file and discovered that
the single quotes around the encrypted passwords
were read into /etc/shadow.  s/'//g fixed the problem.

As I suspected, md5 encrypted passwords can co-exist
with sha512 passwords.

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Re: [CentOS] Weird netinstall issue

[Carl T. Miller]

Phil Dobbin wrote:
> The other day I burnt a copy of a CentOS 6.4 64 bit netinstall disc,
> verified the disc which passed & about a third of the way through the
> install it informed me that there was no CD in the drive & refused to
> carry on.
>
> So I burnt another & the same thing happened. So using the same disk
> burner & the same batch of disks, I burnt a copy of a Debian 7.1
> netinstall & it installed perfectly.
>
> Any thoughts gladly welcome (the CentOS disc was downloaded from the
> CentOS repos).

Dust is the one thought that comes to mind.  Try either
blowing air into devices or getting some kind of cd/dvd
device cleaner.

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Re: [CentOS] php 5.1 to 5.3

[Carl T. Miller]

Nikos Gatsis - Qbit wrote:
>
> Hello list
> I'm managing a web server with centos-release-5-9.el5.centos.1.
> I have php-5.1.6-40.el5_9 right now and I'd like to update it to php53.
> I wander if its easy or complicated. If somebody have any instructions
> I'd be very glad!

Hi Nikos,

There is a very nice set of instructions available here.


c


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Re: [CentOS] htdocs on NFS share / any pitfalls?

[Carl T. Miller]

Leon Fauster wrote:
> i have a new setup where the htdocs directory for the webserver
> is located on a nfs share. Client has cachefilesd configured.
> Compared to the old setup (htdocs directory is on the local disk)
> the performance is not so gratifying. The disk is "faster" compared
> to the ethernet link but the cache should at least compensate this
> a bit. Do they exist more pitfalls for such configurations?

If I needed to serve files from an nfs share, I'd use
rsync to pull down a local copy of the files to the
webserver.  This would give you the benefits of using
the nfs location without the network latency.

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Re: [CentOS] which kernel do people use?

[Carl T. Miller]

wwp wrote:
> On Tue, 22 Oct 2013 19:44:44 -0700 Keith Keller
>  wrote:
>
>> I'm doing a very informal and unscientific poll: which kernel do you use
>> on your CentOS machines?  Not which version of the CentOS kernel, but
>> which repository.  Here are some examples I can think of off the top of
>> my head:
>>
>> ==CentOS stock
>> ==build own from CentOS SRPMs
>> ==kernel-ml (from ELRepo)
>> ==kernel-lt (from ELRepo)
>> ==OpenVZ kernel
>> ==build own from kernel.org
>> ==other?
>
> stock, latest available. But it doesn't fully support my Dell Latitude
> E6530 hardware (webcam and some Dell Fn keys), so I'm interested in
> your poll!

I almost always use the latest stock kernel, with one memorable
exception.

I had a laptop which would not boot until I unplugged it and
removed the battery.   The reason was a faulty mouse driver,
and the fix was to remove the mouse driver module prior to
shutdown.  The problem was that the mouse driver was compiled
into the kernel.  So I used the SRPM, changed the option to
install the mouse driver as a module and recompiled.  Following
the directions on the Centos wiki was pretty easy.

c


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