[CTRL] Why Jefferson Opposed The Creation of a Central Bank

[Bill Shannon]

-Caveat Lector-






http://www.barnesreview.org/March_2005/Jefferson/jefferson.html
 
 
 
Why Thomas Jefferson Opposed The Creation of a Central Bank
A Founding Father’s Opinion Concerning the Constitutionality of a Federal Bank, 1791
Though it is common to discuss Andrew Jackson’s opinion about a national bank, it is far less common to hear Thomas Jefferson’s version of things. Here, Jefferson lays out, systematically, his views on finance and the nature of a bank. The existence of the Federal Reserve in contemporary times simply shows how far the present regime is from the mind of the Founding Fathers.
 
By Thomas Jefferson
 
The bill for establishing a national bank undertakes among other things: 1.) To form the subscribers into a corporation; 2.) To enable them in their corporate capacities to receive grants of land; and so far is against the laws of mortmain;1 3.) To make alien subscribers capable of holding lands, and so far is against the laws of alienage; 4.) To transmit these lands, on the death of a proprietor, to a certain line of successors; and so far changes the course of descents; 5.) To put the lands out of the reach of forfeiture or escheat, and so far is against the laws of forfeiture and escheat; 6.) To transmit personal chattels to successors in a certain line and so far is against the laws of distribution; 7.) To give them the sole and exclusive right of banking under the national authority; and so far is against the laws of monopoly; 8.) To communicate to them a power to make laws paramount to the laws of the States; for so they must be construed, to protect the institution from the control of the State legislatures, and so, probably, they will be construed. 
I consider the foundation of the Constitution as laid on this ground: That “all powers not delegated to the United States, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States or to the people.” [12th Amendment] To take a single step beyond the boundaries thus specially drawn around the powers of Congress, is to take possession of a boundless field of power, no longer susceptible of any definition.
The incorporation of a bank, and the powers assumed by this bill, have not, in my opinion, been delegated to the United States, by the Constitution.
 
BANKING POWERS NOT ENUMERATED BY THE CONSTITUTION
 
They are not among the powers specially enumerated: for these are:
1.) A power to lay taxes for the purpose of paying the debts of the United States; but no debt is paid by this bill, nor any tax laid. Were it a bill to raise money, its origination in the Senate would condemn it by the Constitution.
2.) “To borrow money.” But this bill neither borrows money nor ensures the borrowing of it. The proprietors of the bank will be just as free as any other money holders, to lend or not to lend their money to the public. The operation proposed in the bill first, to lend them $2 million, and then to borrow it back again, cannot change the nature of the latter act, which will still be a payment, and not a loan, call it by what name you please.
3.) To “regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the States, and with the Indian tribes.” To erect a bank, and to regulate commerce, are very different acts. He who erects a bank creates a subject of commerce in its bills, so does he who makes a bushel of wheat, or digs a dollar out of the mines; yet neither of these persons regulates commerce thereby. To make a thing which may be bought and sold, is not to prescribe regulations for buying and selling. Besides, if this was an exercise of the power of regulating commerce, it would be void, as extending as much to the internal commerce of every State, as to its external. For the power given to Congress by the Constitution does not extend to the internal regulation of the commerce of a State (that is to say of the commerce between citizen and citizen), which remain exclusively with its own legislature; but to its external commerce only, that is to say, its commerce with another State, or with foreign nations, or with the Indian tribes. Accordingly the bill does not propose the measure as a regulation of trace, but as “productive of considerable advantages to trade.” Still less are these powers covered by any other of the special enumerations.
 
NOT COVERED IN ANY SPECIAL PHRASES
 
Nor are they within either of the general phrases, which are the two following:
1. To lay taxes to provide for the general welfare of the United States, that is to say, “to lay taxes for the purpose of providing for the general welfare.” For the laying of taxes is the power, and the general welfare the purpose, for which the power is to be exercised. They are not to lay taxes ad libitum for any purpose they please; but only to pay the debts or provide for the welfare of the union. In like manner, they are not to do anything they please to provide for the general welfare, but only to lay taxes for that purpose. To consider the latter phrase, 

[CTRL] Fwd: Follow the Uranium - New York Times

[RoadsEnd]

-Caveat Lector-
Begin forwarded message:From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]Date: July 16, 2005 3:34:27 PM PDTTo: [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED]Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]Subject: Follow the Uranium - New York Times follow the uranium straight to Cheney.http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/17/opinion/17rich.html?pagewanted=2&hp 
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[CTRL] Fwd: Konformist: 9/11 Truth Convergence July 22-24 Washington DC

[RoadsEnd]

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Begin forwarded message:From: STRIDER <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>Date: July 13, 2005 7:17:45 PM PDTTo: /RENEGADE/ <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]Subject: Konformist: 9/11 Truth Convergence July 22-24 Washington DC Wed, 13 Jul 2005Peter Phillips <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>9/11 Truth Convergence July 22-24 Washington DCCALLING ALL MEDIA ACTIVISTS TOTHE DC EMERGENCY TRUTH CONVERGENCEAt the National Press Club, Lafayette Park & American UniversityJULY 22~24, 2005Come Help Build a Breakthrough Campaignto Expose and Explode the Seamless Deceitbehind 9/11, Resource Wars, Troop Betrayaland Constitutional JeopardyDC LAUNCH: JULY 22~24, 2005: An unprecedented event series joining thepower of veteran/victim groups, key truth movements and the indie media tohalt the deadly coup now underway and launch a thousand Paul Reveres.Everything we need to succeed - we now have:-  The facts and evidence of betrayal from truth movement researchers-  The support of respected leaders across the political spectrum-  A nationwide communications network in independent media-  Enduring inspiration from whistleblowers, veterans & victim families-  A country gradually waking up to the desperate need for truthAll that's missing is a shared strategy- Come to DC and help create itRALLY SPEAKERS*** AND WORKSHOP LEADERS"War on Freedom" author Nafeez Ahmed***, Libertarian presidential candidateMichael Badnarik, Colonel Robert Bowman***, John Brunes*** of Iraq VeteransAgainst the War, Steve Cobble of afterdowningstreet.org, Dr. David RayGriffin***, Jim Hoffman of wtc7.net, Rep. Charles Key*** of the Oklahoma CityBombing Commission, CIA veteran Ray McGovern***, Depleted Uranium authorityLeuren Moret***, Gael Murphy*** of Code Pink, Jenna Orkin*** of WTC EnvironmentalOrganization, Don Paul, Peter Phillips*** of Project Censored http://www.projectcensored.org/, "Weapons ofMass Deception" producer Danny Schechter***, "Terror Timeline" author PaulThompson***, Celeste Zappala*** of Gold Star Families for Peace, "GreatConspiracy" producer, Barrie Zwicker, and many more.LATEST SCHEDULEFRIDAY, JULY 22nd (first birthday of the 9/11 Commission Report)The first National Press Club briefing specifically for the independent mediaThe 9/11 Commission Cover-up and the Toll of Media Complicity1:00 - 2:30 PM, Holeman Lounge, National Press ClubBriefers: Peter Phillips of Project Censored, 9/11 family members, Dr.David Ray Griffin, Danny Schechter, producer of Weapons of Mass Deception,and Celeste Zappala of Gold Star Families for Peace.SATURDAY, JULY 23rd (third anniversary of the Downing Street Memo)Lafayette Park Rally against the Reign of Lethal Deceit11:00 ~ 2:00 PM, Lafayette Park (in front of the White House)3:00 ~ 4:00 PM, American University"War on Freedom" author, Nafeez Ahmed introduces his new book, The War onTruth4:30 ~ 6:30 PM, American UniversityBeyond Downing Street Town Hall Meeting7:30 - 10:30 PM, American UniversityTruth Rock Concert/DanceSUNDAY, JULY 249:00 AM ~ 1:00 PM, American UniversitySolutions-focused workshop sessions on publicizing and defusing the mostlethal lies of modern history, building new media truth networks,mobilizing new constituencies, developing new media, legal and politicaltactics to launch honest truth commissions, etc. Seehttp://www.truthemergency.us/  for latest details.2:00 ~ 6:00 PM, American UniversityCollaboration strategy brainstorm among truth movement leaders, veteran &victim family groups, indie media activists and foreign journalists.OVERALL PURPOSEPotent insights into the coup d'état we face emerge whenever citizensworking on Iraq lies, 9/11, troop abuse, stolen elections and/or the"missing" government trillions gather and compare notes. This DC EmergencyTruth Convergence presumes that we now have enough dangerous truths,damning facts, and populist media to deliver the evidence of treacherythroughout the land. It's now time to clarify that vision, join withveterans and victim families, and assist media activists everywhere inreenacting Paul Revere.THE CHALLENGE TO INDIE MEDIA ACTIVISTSTruth Math 101: In 2004, 70% of Karl Rove's red voters still believedSaddam had WMD and trysts with Al Qaeda. 70% of Americans who knew thetruth voted blue. According to Zogby, most New Yorkers reject the official9/11 story. The blues carried New York by over one million votes and NYCby 81%. Do the math. Truth matters. Truth matters more when the country'sin crisis. Truth matters most when thousands are dying without a clue.This is the challenge facing our independent media. Leaders selling war,repression and corporate rule could fool a lot less people a lot less ofthe time if indie media flooded the streets and airwaves with badly neededtruths. Today's bloody liars are red. Tomorrow's may be blue. Onlygrassroots media vigilance and collaboration can thwart their propagandaand reverse their corporate coup. George Orwell taught us, "in a time ofuniversal deceit, telling the truth is a r

[CTRL] Fwd: [IPCUSA] London Stagecoach Employee Says Bus Bombing Suspicious =DO Guys with 8 month Babies and who taught Diasbled Schoolchildren would want to Blow Themselves Up and Kill Other Innocen

[RoadsEnd]

-Caveat Lector-
Begin forwarded message:From: Shanti Renfrew <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>Date: July 15, 2005 1:00:51 PM PDTTo: Yahoo A ME <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>Subject: [IPCUSA] London Stagecoach Employee Says Bus Bombing Suspicious  =DO Guys with 8 month Babies and who taught Diasbled Schoolchildren would want to Blow Themselves Up and Kill Other Innocent People?Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [Copy & Paste Cross-Post Repeater Beacon]   It's too Coincidental to be a Coincidence ~ Yogi Berra       "Nothing  would be what it is,Because         everything would be,  what it isn't.          And contrary-wise     what it is,                     it wouldn't be. And  what it                             wouldn't be, it would.                         You see?"                    Alice in Wonderland.                     ~ Lewis Carroll                       ^ "The most dangerous man, to any government, is the man who is able to think things out for himself. Almost inevitably, he comes to the conclusion that the government he lives under is dishonest, insane and intolerable." ~ H.L. Mencken    "Democracy is a Pathetic Belief in the    Collective Wisdom of Individual Ignorance."        ~ H.L. Mencken       The Z**nists have said for a long time that  "Once 10% of the Goyim Understand, the Game is Over."  Nothing in Politics Happens Without Being Planned. ~ F.D.R.  Â«Â¤Â»Â¥Â«Â¤Â»Â§Â«Â¤Â»Â¥Â«Â¤Â»Â§Â«Â¤Â»Â¥Â«Â¤Â»Â§Â«Â¤Â»Â¥Â«Â¤Â»Â§Â«Âhttp://groups.yahoo.com/group/infowarsnews/message/457«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«¤»¥«¤»§«ÂLondon Stagecoach Employee Says Bus Bombing SuspiciousPaul Joseph Watson/Prison Planet | July 15 2005 We received an e mail from an employee of Stagecoach, the company responsible for the majority of London buses.Our contact works a route roughly one mile from the site of the bus bombing last Thursday.The bus driver pointed out that the number 30 bus was the only one to be re-routed after the initial bombs went off in the London Underground, every other bus carried on its normal journey, but for some reason this bus was diverted.The driver notes the following about CCTV maintainence. "CCTV gets maintained at least 2 or 3 times a week and can digitally store upto 2 whole weeks worth of footage. This is done by a private contractor So when I heard that the CCTV wasn't working on a vehicle that's no more than 2 years old since last June. I'm sorry that's rubbish, I work for the company I know different."Also a point of interestlast saturday a contractor came to inspect the CCTV on the buses at the depot, According to my supervisor the person spent more than 20 hours over that weekend, 20 hours to see if the CCTV is working? Also that person who came was not a regular contractor, for security reasons the same few people always come to the depot to carry out work, this time it was different.Drivers in the depot already think the so called bombers had inside help because it was to organised. Some even think it had help from the company."I have received other information suggesting that the CCTV is regularly maintained and checked. The police pay the bus company to check it, and the bus company makes a substantial profit out of this, so all parties benefit from keeping the CCTV systems working.This information makes it all the more suspicious that the bus cameras were not working.Was the mammoth 20 hour inspection session of the CCTV a means of disabling the CCTV, or something even darker? Were the contractors, who were not familiar to the bus company employees, actually placing the bomb?But don't worry, the media are drooling over this picture of supposed suicide bomber Hasib Hussain, who we are told detonated the bus bomb.Well, it's a grainy picture of a Muslim guy with a rucksack, case closed! That's good enough evidence for me, I'm going back to sleep.It's beyond doubt that these four Muslims were framed. They were most likely hired as MI6 spies, sent to Pakistan and then brought back and told they were to take part in an important exercise to test national security. Give them the rucksacks, get them on the trains and then detonate the bombs remotely.Do you really believe for a second that guys with 8 month babies and guyswho taught diasbled schoolchildren would want to blow themselves up andkill other innocent people?Related: Staging the London Bombings in Ten Easy StepsRelated: London Bombing Archiv--Get Alex Jones and Paul Joseph Watson's books, ALL Alex's documentary films, films by other authors, audio interviews and special reports. Sign up at Prison Planet.tv - CLICK HERE.Attachment(not stored) 150705bus.jpg Type: image/jpeg Attachment(not stored) 150705hasib.jpg Type: image/jpeg End###       --- Fagan Finder Translation Wizard ---http://www.faganfinder.com/translate/this_page.php It is similar to the Translate your page feature offered by AltaVista, however this tool includes many more languages. You can also read more about the

[CTRL] Jehovah's, rape trial, 39,000 Iraqis killed

[Smart News]

-Caveat Lector-






scroll


High court rejects claim against Wilton church by Nancy Meersman  Union Leader Staff Concord -  "The state Supreme Court ruled, 3-1, yesterday that two girls who were molested by their father cannot sue the Wilton Jehovah's Witness congregation and the church's governing body for allegedly concealing the abuse from authorities.  The high court said although the criminal statutes require the Jehovah's Witnesses to report to police any sex abuse against children, they cannot be held liable in civil court if they do not report it."


this one fwd from Lynne Moss Sharman - Frankford man's rape trial opens with boy's testimony 7/15/05 Lamar Zamichieli, 20, withdrew guilty pleas last month to assaults on 10 children. By Jacqueline Soteropoulos - Inquirer Staff Writer "The first of 10 alleged child victims took the witness stand yesterday and pointed to Lamar Zamichieli, identifying the 20-year-old Frankford man as the predator who frightened the city with a string of attacks two years ago. For his part in front of Common Pleas Court jurors, Zamichieli said in a low and quiet voice yesterday that he was pleading not guilty to a string of 33 charges including rapes, attempted rapes, and kidnappings of five girls and five boys."  http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/news/local/12135662.htm?template=contentModules/printstory.jsp

http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticleSearch.aspx?storyID=191558+11-Jul-2005+RTRS&srch=death+iraqi
39,000 Iraqis killed in fighting - study  Mon Jul 11, 2005 7:43 PM BST By Irwin Arieff
UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) - Some 39,000 Iraqis have been killed as a direct result of combat or armed violence since the U.S.-led invasion, a figure considerably higher than previous estimates, a Swiss institute reported on Monday. The public database Iraqi Body Count, by comparison, estimates that between 22,787 and 25,814 Iraqi civilians have died since the March 2003 invasion, based on reports from at least two media sources.
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sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'—with its many half-truths, mis-
directions and outright frauds—is used politically by different groups with
major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought.
That being said, CTRLgives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and
always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no
credence to Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply.

Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector.

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[CTRL] Konformist: Hit Exxon where it hurts | Help save Muggle forests (fwd)

[William A. Bacon]

-Caveat Lector-

I SAY IF THIS RADICAL LEFT WING MARXIST LENINIST ORGANIZATION RECOMENDS
THIS, I RECOMEND BUY YOUR GAS AT EXXON/MOBIL AND BUY YOUR HARRY POTTER
BOOK FROM THE AMERICAN PUBLISHER!




Remember:More people have died in Ted Kennedy's car than have died in
United States Commercial Nuclear Power plant operations
 visit my web site at
http://www.info-quest.org
Visit my energy page at  http://www.info-quest.org/Energy.html
Check out the latest on the anwr drilling project http://www.anwr.org
visit my blog at
http://info-spectrum.blogspot.com
 My ICQ# is 79071904
See the Pledge of alleginace to the flag that the 9th circuit court of
appeals doesn't want you to say.
for a precise list of the powers of the Federal Government linkto:
http://www.info-quest.org/Enumerated.html

-- Forwarded message --
Date: Wed, 13 Jul 2005 19:45:20 -0700
From: STRIDER <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: /RENEGADE/ <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Konformist: Hit Exxon where it hurts | Help save Muggle forests

Anne Havemann <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Mailing-List: list [EMAIL PROTECTED]; contact
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Wed, 13 Jul 2005

Hit Exxon where it hurts and help save Muggle forests
while you're at it!


Dear activists:

Today Greenpeace needs your help with two things:

1. Tell Exxon's CEO to get out of the Stone Age and embrace clean
energy technology.

Yesterday, Greenpeace helped launch a new nationwide campaign to create a
force so strong that even the world's largest oil corporation can't ignore
our voices. It's time to hit this fossil fuel dinosaur where it hurts most:
its bottom line.

Send Exxon's CEO the only message he can understand: You will NOT buy Exxon
or Mobil gasoline, you will NOT invest in Exxon stocks and you will NEVER
take a job with Exxon. Visit:
http://usactions.greenpeace.org/action/start.php?action_id=59&ref_source=exxoncampaignlistserv&usa_source_template=thin_ice
to hit Exxon where it hurts most.

 AND


2. Save ancient Muggle forests - tell everyone you know to buy the new Harry
Potter book from Canada.

This is the week that Harry Potter fans have been waiting for, Harry Potter
and the Half-Blood Prince is being released. While the book's Canadian
publisher, Raincoast books, is printing on 100 percent recycled paper,
Scholastic, its American publisher, has refused to use any recycled content.
Scholastic is one of the
largest Harry Potter publishers globally. If it had printed the book on 100
percent recycled paper, its 10.8 million print run could have saved 217,475
trees.

Let Scholastic know that you hold them accountable for destroying our
ancient forests:

BUY HARRY POTTER FROM CANADA! (A good place to look is amazon.ca)

It only costs a couple of dollars extra and what's a couple of dollars
compared with saving ancient Muggle forests?

Thanks for your help,

Anne and Hallie
Greenpeace


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[CTRL] [JBirch] The 17th amendment was not legally retified.. (fwd)

[William A. Bacon]

-Caveat Lector-

Remember:More people have died in Ted Kennedy's car than have died in
United States Commercial Nuclear Power plant operations
 visit my web site at
http://www.info-quest.org
Visit my energy page at  http://www.info-quest.org/Energy.html
Check out the latest on the anwr drilling project http://www.anwr.org
visit my blog at
http://info-spectrum.blogspot.com
 My ICQ# is 79071904
See the Pledge of alleginace to the flag that the 9th circuit court of
appeals doesn't want you to say.
for a precise list of the powers of the Federal Government linkto:
http://www.info-quest.org/Enumerated.html

-- Forwarded message --
Date: Fri, 15 Jul 2005 22:04:13 -0400 (EDT)
From: Marv Graham <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: [JBirch] The 17th amendment was not legally retified..

Here is an excerpt from an article that gives the detais:

The 17th Amendment was never properly ratified. I have seen the proof with
my own eyes at the National Archives and from the documents obtained by
Bill Benson from all 48 state legislatures in his work, "Proof the 17th
Amendment Was Not Ratified." I also collected court certified documents on
this from the bowels of the California State Archives. They are
incontrovertible and prove without question that Secretary of State
William Jennings Bryan, on May 31, 1913, knowingly and willfully issued a
memo declaring the 17th Amendment ratified even though he knew the
required number of states did not ratify it.
--
Read the article at 
http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=42711


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==
CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic
screeds are unwelcomed. Substance—not soap-boxing—please!   These are
sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'—with its many half-truths, mis-
directions and outright frauds—is used politically by different groups with
major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought.
That being said, CTRLgives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and
always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no
credence to Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply.

Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector.

Archives Available at:

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http://www.mail-archive.com/ctrl@listserv.aol.com/";>ctrl

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Om