-Caveat Lector-

http://president.harvard.edu/speeches/2002/morningprayers.html


Address at morning prayers
Memorial Church
Cambridge, Massachusetts
September 17, 2002

I speak with you today not as President of the University but as a concerned member of 
our
community about something that I never thought I would become seriously worried about 
--
the issue of anti-Semitism.

I am Jewish, identified but hardly devout. In my lifetime, anti-Semitism has been 
remote
from my experience. My family all left Europe at the beginning of the 20th century. The
Holocaust is for me a matter of history, not personal memory. To be sure, there were
country clubs where I grew up that had few if any Jewish members, but not ones that
included people I knew. My experience in college and graduate school, as a faculty
member, as a government official -- all involved little notice of my religion.

Indeed, I was struck during my years in the Clinton administration that the existence 
of an
economic leadership team with people like Robert Rubin, Alan Greenspan, Charlene
Barshefsky and many others that was very heavily Jewish passed without comment or
notice -- it was something that would have been inconceivable a generation or two ago, 
as
indeed it would have been inconceivable a generation or two ago that Harvard could 
have a
Jewish President.

Without thinking about it much, I attributed all of this to progress -- to an 
ascendancy of
enlightenment and tolerance. A view that prejudice is increasingly put aside. A view 
that
while the politics of the Middle East was enormously complex, and contentious, the 
question
of the right of a Jewish state to exist had been settled in the affirmative by the 
world
community.

But today, I am less complacent. Less complacent and comfortable because there is
disturbing evidence of an upturn in anti-Semitism globally, and also because of some
developments closer to home.

Consider some of the global events of the last year:

There have been synagogue burnings, physical assaults on Jews, or the painting of
swastikas on Jewish memorials in every country in Europe. Observers in many countries
have pointed to the worst outbreak of attacks against the Jews since the Second World
War.
Candidates who denied the significance of the Holocaust reached the runoff stage of
elections for the nation’s highest office in France and Denmark. State-sponsored 
television
stations in many nations of the world spew anti-Zionist propaganda.
The United Nations-sponsored World Conference on Racism -- while failing to mention
human rights abuses in China, Rwanda, or anyplace in the Arab world -- spoke of 
Israel’s
policies prior to recent struggles under the Barak government as constituting ethnic
cleansing and crimes against humanity. The NGO declaration at the same conference was
even more virulent.

I could go on. But I want to bring this closer to home. Of course academic communities
should be and always will be places that allow any viewpoint to be expressed. And 
certainly
there is much to be debated about the Middle East and much in Israel’s foreign and 
defense
policy that can be and should be vigorously challenged.

But where anti-Semitism and views that are profoundly anti-Israeli have traditionally 
been
the primary preserve of poorly educated right-wing populists, profoundly anti-Israel 
views
are increasingly finding support in progressive intellectual communities. Serious and
thoughtful people are advocating and taking actions that are anti-Semitic in their 
effect if
not their intent.

For example:

Hundreds of European academics have called for an end to support for Israeli 
researchers,
though not for an end to support for researchers from any other nation.
Israeli scholars this past spring were forced off the board of an international 
literature
journal.
At the same rallies where protesters, many of them university students, condemn the IMF
and global capitalism and raise questions about globalization, it is becoming 
increasingly
common to also lash out at Israel. Indeed, at the anti-IMF rallies last spring, chants 
were
heard equating Hitler and Sharon.
Events to raise funds for organizations of questionable political provenance that in 
some
cases were later found to support terrorism have been held by student organizations on 
this
and other campuses with at least modest success and very little criticism.
And some here at Harvard and some at universities across the country have called for 
the
University to single out Israel among all nations as the lone country where it is
inappropriate for any part of the university’s endowment to be invested. I hasten to 
say the
University has categorically rejected this suggestion.

We should always respect the academic freedom of everyone to take any position. We
should also recall that academic freedom does not include freedom from criticism. The 
only
antidote to dangerous ideas is strong alternatives vigorously advocated.

I have always throughout my life been put off by those who heard the sound of breaking
glass, in every insult or slight, and conjured up images of Hitler’s Kristallnacht at 
any
disagreement with Israel. Such views have always seemed to me alarmist if not slightly
hysterical. But I have to say that while they still seem to me unwarranted, they seem 
rather
less alarmist in the world of today than they did a year ago.

I would like nothing more than to be wrong. It is my greatest hope and prayer that the 
idea
of a rise of anti-Semitism proves to be a self-denying prophecy -- a prediction that 
carries
the seeds of its own falsification. But this depends on all of us.





Copyright ©2002 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College

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