Re: OT (was Re: ram/raid1)
Hi Giacomo: It is poll time in Italy. However, I am not sure whether any politician to vote is aware of the situation, or he just likes that privileges are not touched. Politicians seek for votes, not for national wealth. Think about how many privileges exist (untouched) in Italy. I am not making a list not to irritate too many. Francesco On Friday 07 April 2006 11:45, Giacomo Mulas wrote: > On Fri, 7 Apr 2006, Erik Mouw wrote: > > You can order memory everywhere in the EU, that's what the "no > > obstacles for trading goods" rules are for. If you can find memory > > cheaper in (for example) Germany, buy it over there and have it shipped > > to Italy. Be sure to let your Italian vendor know that he missed a > > sale. > > Yes, you can do that if you are buying it for yourself as a private citizen > or company. If you are buying it for a public institution, than you will > require italian invoices and the like, which by and large means you have to > buy in Italy. I know, unfortunately. I had to buy a (way) suboptimal laptop > for my work, despite what I wanted (amd 64 based, large screen resolution, > more than 2GB ram...) being easily available elsewhere, just for this > reason. I had either to fork money out of my own pocket or buy something > worse and more expensive. After many years of complaining (and having > chosen many times before to spend my own money) I finally gave up and > settled for the worse, more expensive solution with the office money (what > the heck!). > > And, of course, companies _know_ this situation and exploit it, making very > different commercial offers for different national markets (see e.g. > differences in HP offers on the web, just for an example, between US and > EU). > > Bye > Giacomo > > -- > _ > > Giacomo Mulas <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > _ > > OSSERVATORIO ASTRONOMICO DI CAGLIARI > Str. 54, Loc. Poggio dei Pini * 09012 Capoterra (CA) > > Tel. (OAC): +39 070 71180 248 Fax : +39 070 71180 222 > Tel. (UNICA): +39 070 675 4916 > _ > > "When the storms are raging around you, stay right where you are" > (Freddy Mercury) > _ > > -- > Il messaggio e' stato analizzato alla ricerca di virus o > contenuti pericolosi da MailScanner, ed e' > risultato non infetto. -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of "unsubscribe". Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: ram/raid1
Hi Erik: thank you from both the scientific and the commercial point of view Francesco Pietra On Friday 07 April 2006 11:18, Erik Mouw wrote: > On Fri, Apr 07, 2006 at 06:59:29AM +0200, Francesco Pietra wrote: > > n setting up a workstation with > > > > --two amd6a 265 opterons dual core > > --Tyan K8WE S2895SA3NRF main board > > --two 360GB raid1 hd (raid 1 software by debian) > > --ram 2GB (Kingston KVR400D4R3A/2G - DDR 400 Ecc Registered), is any > > reason to prefer two slots of memories 1GB each instead of a single 2GB > > slot? > > Most certainly. > > > The technician here maintains that two slots are needed to have needed > > two channels for raid1; it is unclear to me. > > The memory slots have nothing to do with the RAID. The reason you want > 2x 1GB is that dual (or more) Opteron designs are not SMP (Symmetric > Multi Processor), but NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Architecture). With SMP > the two CPUs share the same bus to memory, but with NUMA each CPU has > some local memory connected to a local memory bus. The other CPU can > still get to that memory, but it's a bit slower. If you would only put > in 1x 2GB, you will severely slow down the other CPU cause it has to go > through the other CPU to do memory accesses. > > To see what I mean, get the board datasheet at > ftp://ftp.tyan.com/datasheets/d_s2895_101.pdf and look at the block > diagram on the second page. The Linux virtual memory subsystem is NUMA > aware, especially in the latest kernels (i.e.: 2.6.15 and better): it > will take care managing the memory in such a way to minimize the > amount of traffic between the CPUs. > > > Incidentally, the 2GB Kingston is charged in Italy six hundred euros, > > that is more than twice the price in US. This is to recognize that we can > > circumvent the market leader software houses (and be more efficient) but > > we cannot avoid the system in our country which favors handlers against > > citizen (and against scientific research activities). The results of such > > policy are under the eyes. > > You can order memory everywhere in the EU, that's what the "no > obstacles for trading goods" rules are for. If you can find memory > cheaper in (for example) Germany, buy it over there and have it shipped > to Italy. Be sure to let your Italian vendor know that he missed a > sale. > > > Erik -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of "unsubscribe". Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: OT (was Re: ram/raid1)
On Fri, Apr 07, 2006 at 11:45:17AM +0200, Giacomo Mulas wrote: > On Fri, 7 Apr 2006, Erik Mouw wrote: > > >You can order memory everywhere in the EU, that's what the "no > >obstacles for trading goods" rules are for. If you can find memory > >cheaper in (for example) Germany, buy it over there and have it shipped > >to Italy. Be sure to let your Italian vendor know that he missed a > >sale. > > Yes, you can do that if you are buying it for yourself as a private citizen > or company. If you are buying it for a public institution, than you will > require italian invoices and the like, which by and large means you have to > buy in Italy. I know, unfortunately. I had to buy a (way) suboptimal laptop > for my work, despite what I wanted (amd 64 based, large screen resolution, > more than 2GB ram...) being easily available elsewhere, just for this > reason. I had either to fork money out of my own pocket or buy something > worse and more expensive. After many years of complaining (and having chosen > many times before to spend my own money) I finally gave up and settled for > the worse, more expensive solution with the office money (what the heck!). That sounds like an abuse of EU rules. A German/Dutch/French/Spanish/etc company should have no problem selling stuff to Italian public institutions. If Italian public institutions require invoices from Italian companies, that is an unnecessary burden for equal access to markets. There is however a workaround, we sometimes used it at our university in order to work around silly internal accounting rules (invoices over 5k EUR had to be OK'ed by the dean, even if the money came from an EU RACE project): one of my colleagues with an own company bought the complete stuff, and resold it (in quantities less than 5 kEUR) to the university. > And, of course, companies _know_ this situation and exploit it, making very > different commercial offers for different national markets (see e.g. > differences in HP offers on the web, just for an example, between US and > EU). Complain to the EU, this is not supposed to happen. Erik -- +-- Erik Mouw -- www.harddisk-recovery.com -- +31 70 370 12 90 -- | Lab address: Delftechpark 26, 2628 XH, Delft, The Netherlands -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of "unsubscribe". Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
OT (was Re: ram/raid1)
On Fri, 7 Apr 2006, Erik Mouw wrote: You can order memory everywhere in the EU, that's what the "no obstacles for trading goods" rules are for. If you can find memory cheaper in (for example) Germany, buy it over there and have it shipped to Italy. Be sure to let your Italian vendor know that he missed a sale. Yes, you can do that if you are buying it for yourself as a private citizen or company. If you are buying it for a public institution, than you will require italian invoices and the like, which by and large means you have to buy in Italy. I know, unfortunately. I had to buy a (way) suboptimal laptop for my work, despite what I wanted (amd 64 based, large screen resolution, more than 2GB ram...) being easily available elsewhere, just for this reason. I had either to fork money out of my own pocket or buy something worse and more expensive. After many years of complaining (and having chosen many times before to spend my own money) I finally gave up and settled for the worse, more expensive solution with the office money (what the heck!). And, of course, companies _know_ this situation and exploit it, making very different commercial offers for different national markets (see e.g. differences in HP offers on the web, just for an example, between US and EU). Bye Giacomo -- _ Giacomo Mulas <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> _ OSSERVATORIO ASTRONOMICO DI CAGLIARI Str. 54, Loc. Poggio dei Pini * 09012 Capoterra (CA) Tel. (OAC): +39 070 71180 248 Fax : +39 070 71180 222 Tel. (UNICA): +39 070 675 4916 _ "When the storms are raging around you, stay right where you are" (Freddy Mercury) _ -- Il messaggio e' stato analizzato alla ricerca di virus o contenuti pericolosi da MailScanner, ed e' risultato non infetto. -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of "unsubscribe". Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: ram/raid1
On Fri, Apr 07, 2006 at 06:59:29AM +0200, Francesco Pietra wrote: > n setting up a workstation with > > --two amd6a 265 opterons dual core > --Tyan K8WE S2895SA3NRF main board > --two 360GB raid1 hd (raid 1 software by debian) > --ram 2GB (Kingston KVR400D4R3A/2G - DDR 400 Ecc Registered), is any reason > to > prefer two slots of memories 1GB each instead of a single 2GB slot? Most certainly. > The technician here maintains that two slots are needed to have needed two > channels for raid1; it is unclear to me. The memory slots have nothing to do with the RAID. The reason you want 2x 1GB is that dual (or more) Opteron designs are not SMP (Symmetric Multi Processor), but NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Architecture). With SMP the two CPUs share the same bus to memory, but with NUMA each CPU has some local memory connected to a local memory bus. The other CPU can still get to that memory, but it's a bit slower. If you would only put in 1x 2GB, you will severely slow down the other CPU cause it has to go through the other CPU to do memory accesses. To see what I mean, get the board datasheet at ftp://ftp.tyan.com/datasheets/d_s2895_101.pdf and look at the block diagram on the second page. The Linux virtual memory subsystem is NUMA aware, especially in the latest kernels (i.e.: 2.6.15 and better): it will take care managing the memory in such a way to minimize the amount of traffic between the CPUs. > Incidentally, the 2GB Kingston is charged in Italy six hundred euros, that is > more than twice the price in US. This is to recognize that we can circumvent > the market leader software houses (and be more efficient) but we cannot avoid > the system in our country which favors handlers against citizen (and against > scientific research activities). The results of such policy are under the > eyes. You can order memory everywhere in the EU, that's what the "no obstacles for trading goods" rules are for. If you can find memory cheaper in (for example) Germany, buy it over there and have it shipped to Italy. Be sure to let your Italian vendor know that he missed a sale. Erik -- +-- Erik Mouw -- www.harddisk-recovery.com -- +31 70 370 12 90 -- | Lab address: Delftechpark 26, 2628 XH, Delft, The Netherlands -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of "unsubscribe". Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
ram/raid1
n setting up a workstation with --two amd6a 265 opterons dual core --Tyan K8WE S2895SA3NRF main board --two 360GB raid1 hd (raid 1 software by debian) --ram 2GB (Kingston KVR400D4R3A/2G - DDR 400 Ecc Registered), is any reason to prefer two slots of memories 1GB each instead of a single 2GB slot? The technician here maintains that two slots are needed to have needed two channels for raid1; it is unclear to me. Incidentally, the 2GB Kingston is charged in Italy six hundred euros, that is more than twice the price in US. This is to recognize that we can circumvent the market leader software houses (and be more efficient) but we cannot avoid the system in our country which favors handlers against citizen (and against scientific research activities). The results of such policy are under the eyes. Thanks a lot for advice Francesco Pietra -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with a subject of "unsubscribe". Trouble? Contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]
