Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Tony Houghton
I was wondering, why are init scripts installed as conffiles? Is there a
good reason other than that they're in /etc and nobody bothered to make
an exception in debhelper?

I would have thought it would be better to treat them as not to be
modified by the user/admin; any init configuration should be done via
/etc/default.


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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread The Fungi
On Tue, Feb 15, 2011 at 04:33:25PM +, Tony Houghton wrote:
[...]
 I would have thought it would be better to treat them as not to be
 modified by the user/admin; any init configuration should be done via
 /etc/default.

In years gone by, I've frequently had to manually adjust initscript
contents or symlink ordering to deal with issues. The vast majority
of initscripts don't source variables from under /etc/default, and
those which do often lack variables for things like
overriding/augmenting service start options or defining additional
local service interdependencies. If policy were altered to make
initscripts non-conffiles, tons of packages would be insta-buggy (at
least from a wishlist standpoint, if not worse) due to the loss of
admin flexibility.

Also, trying to change a major class of system controls which have
traditionally been considered conffiles to non-conffile status would
be a near impossibility due to the number of installed systems with
existing local modifications.
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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Tony Houghton
On Tue, 15 Feb 2011 17:05:41 +
The Fungi fu...@yuggoth.org wrote:

 On Tue, Feb 15, 2011 at 04:33:25PM +, Tony Houghton wrote:
 [...]
  I would have thought it would be better to treat them as not to be
  modified by the user/admin; any init configuration should be done via
  /etc/default.
 
 In years gone by, I've frequently had to manually adjust initscript
 contents or symlink ordering to deal with issues. The vast majority
 of initscripts don't source variables from under /etc/default, and
 those which do often lack variables for things like
 overriding/augmenting service start options or defining additional
 local service interdependencies. If policy were altered to make
 initscripts non-conffiles, tons of packages would be insta-buggy (at
 least from a wishlist standpoint, if not worse) due to the loss of
 admin flexibility.
 
 Also, trying to change a major class of system controls which have
 traditionally been considered conffiles to non-conffile status would
 be a near impossibility due to the number of installed systems with
 existing local modifications.

I'd consider packages which require editing of the init script instead
of using /etc/default or similar to be badly designed at best. I know
fixing the mass of existing packages would be too big a job, but I
thought it might be possible to provide a new option in dh_installdeb
and encourage its use for new packages.


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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Michael Fladischer
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA1

Tony Houghton, 2011-02-15 17:33:
 I was wondering, why are init scripts installed as conffiles?

Debain switched to dependency-based boot with Squeeze and those
dependencies are controlled by the LSB headers inside each init script.
On the majority of my systems init scripts are modified to reflect
individual requirements of services during boot (e.g. openvpn before
certain services or similar). Having init scripts installed as conffiles
prevents such setups from breaking after each upgrade.

Regards,
- -- 
Michael Fladischer
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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread The Fungi
On Tue, Feb 15, 2011 at 05:27:39PM +, Tony Houghton wrote:
 I'd consider packages which require editing of the init script instead
 of using /etc/default or similar to be badly designed at best. I know
 fixing the mass of existing packages would be too big a job, but I
 thought it might be possible to provide a new option in dh_installdeb
 and encourage its use for new packages.

Well, I think there are probably quite a few package maintainers who
simply don't consider that the admin might want to start a daemon in
a different way than what's provided by the initscript. For example,
the daemon in question runs as root:root and I want to wrap it to
run as a specific uid:gid pair I've created for the purpose, or the
initscript only starts one instance of a daemon and I need several
launched all pointing to individual configuration files.

I agree that pretty much all of these use cases would be valid
enough to open wishlist bugs on and include proposed patches, but a
lot of admins just want to change start behavior of a daemon (often
in complex ways not anticipated by the packager) and move on,
without having it clobbered by a stable package update later.
Obviously, when running testing/unstable/experimental or during a
dist-upgrade (and sometimes even the occasional security update),
you still have to pay attention to and manually merge changes in
your locally-modified initscripts, but the same can be said of any
conffile.
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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Russ Allbery
Tony Houghton h...@realh.co.uk writes:

 I'd consider packages which require editing of the init script instead
 of using /etc/default or similar to be badly designed at best. I know
 fixing the mass of existing packages would be too big a job, but I
 thought it might be possible to provide a new option in dh_installdeb
 and encourage its use for new packages.

It's impossible to anticipate all the ways in which one may need to modify
init scripts.  I still have to do this routinely for Debian packages, and
for reasons and in ways that I don't see how the maintainer could easily
deal with via /etc/default.  I think the current behavior is correct,
particularly given the *substantial* simplicity gain from being able to
treat everything in /etc as a conffile.

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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Jesús M. Navarro
Hi, Michael:

On Tuesday 15 February 2011 18:37:38 Michael Fladischer wrote:
 Tony Houghton, 2011-02-15 17:33:
  I was wondering, why are init scripts installed as conffiles?

 Debain switched to dependency-based boot with Squeeze and those
 dependencies are controlled by the LSB headers inside each init script.
 On the majority of my systems init scripts are modified to reflect
 individual requirements of services during boot (e.g. openvpn before
 certain services or similar). Having init scripts installed as conffiles
 prevents such setups from breaking after each upgrade.

You highlighted a very valid issue: one of the main points in going to a 
dependency-based init system is the ability of the sysadmin to reorganize the 
bootup sequence (since it's expected he knows better to workaround/reorder 
his local corner cases).  Since dependencies are stated in the init file 
itself that makes it automatically a config file.

Anyway, my position would be that init script shouldn't have to be config 
files.  For this to be true these steps should need to be worked on:
1) See for boot dependencies not being stablished in the init script itself (a 
sourced directory under /etc/defaults?)
2) All init scripts whose related daemon accepts params on start or that 
define any kind of global variable (i.e.: not strictly related to Debian 
internals) should source an /etc/default-related file.
3) *Maybe* think about a general way for any init script to source from some 
file/dir if it exists.
4) Once developers are comfortable that the vast majority of init script 
honour these previous points, deprecate init scripts as being considered 
config files and file as a bug any time a sysadmin really needs to still edit 
one of them.

Maybe steps 1,2 should be considered even if init scripts remain being 
considered technically config files.

Cheers.


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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Bernhard R. Link
* Jesús M. Navarro jesus.nava...@undominio.net [110215 20:40]:
 Anyway, my position would be that init script shouldn't have to be config
 files.  For this to be true these steps should need to be worked on:
 1) See for boot dependencies not being stablished in the init script itself (a
 sourced directory under /etc/defaults?)
 2) All init scripts whose related daemon accepts params on start or that
 define any kind of global variable (i.e.: not strictly related to Debian
 internals) should source an /etc/default-related file.
 3) *Maybe* think about a general way for any init script to source from some
 file/dir if it exists.
 4) Once developers are comfortable that the vast majority of init script
 honour these previous points, deprecate init scripts as being considered
 config files and file as a bug any time a sysadmin really needs to still edit
 one of them.

A sysadmin never has the edit any of those files. If they need to do
something special they can always change the kernel to patch the init
system to change what the script can do in arbitrary ways. /sarcasm

While such scripts should allow all reasonable and forseeable
configuration settings be applyable outside, there are still all the
unreasonable and unforseeable changes that happen every day.
(execute some additional clean-up or preparational command just before,
run something two times or differently, ...).

If a admin is not able to do those, it's a crap system. So at least
every script should be overrideable by some script the admin supplies.

So what is the advantage of not having those files in /etc? (In
/etc/ they should be config files (ideally conffiles). If they are not
conffiles, they do not belong in /etc).

The advantage of having them in /etc are:

- every user understands how to change them (no need to find out where
  to copy a script so it overrides the distribution suplied one).
- if there are changes the usual conffile handling make sure one notes
  if the original file changes

Bernhard R. Link


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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Stefan Lippers-Hollmann
Hi

On Tuesday 15 February 2011, Jesús M. Navarro wrote:
 Hi, Michael:
 
 On Tuesday 15 February 2011 18:37:38 Michael Fladischer wrote:
  Tony Houghton, 2011-02-15 17:33:
   I was wondering, why are init scripts installed as conffiles?
 
  Debain switched to dependency-based boot with Squeeze and those
  dependencies are controlled by the LSB headers inside each init script.
  On the majority of my systems init scripts are modified to reflect
  individual requirements of services during boot (e.g. openvpn before
  certain services or similar). Having init scripts installed as conffiles
  prevents such setups from breaking after each upgrade.
 
 You highlighted a very valid issue: one of the main points in going to a 
 dependency-based init system is the ability of the sysadmin to reorganize the 
 bootup sequence (since it's expected he knows better to workaround/reorder 
 his local corner cases).  Since dependencies are stated in the init file 
 itself that makes it automatically a config file.

You don't need (and shouldn't) edit the init script under /etc/init.d/ 
to adapt their boot dependencies and ~order, but rather copy just the 
associated LSB header to /etc/insserv/overrides/ and edit it following 
your needs.

 Anyway, my position would be that init script shouldn't have to be config 
 files.  For this to be true these steps should need to be worked on:
 1) See for boot dependencies not being stablished in the init script itself 
 (a 
 sourced directory under /etc/defaults?)

/etc/insserv/overrides/, insserv(8)

 2) All init scripts whose related daemon accepts params on start or that 
 define any kind of global variable (i.e.: not strictly related to Debian 
 internals) should source an /etc/default-related file.
 3) *Maybe* think about a general way for any init script to source from some 
 file/dir if it exists.
 4) Once developers are comfortable that the vast majority of init script 
 honour these previous points, deprecate init scripts as being considered 
 config files and file as a bug any time a sysadmin really needs to still edit 
 one of them.
 
 Maybe steps 1,2 should be considered even if init scripts remain being 
 considered technically config files.

Regards
Stefan Lippers-Hollmann


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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Don Armstrong
On Tue, 15 Feb 2011, Tony Houghton wrote:
 I was wondering, why are init scripts installed as conffiles? Is
 there a good reason other than that they're in /etc and nobody
 bothered to make an exception in debhelper?

Anything that is in /etc should be editable by the admin, and changes
respected. If that's not the case, then either it's a bug that the
changes aren't respected, or it's a bug that the file is in /etc in
the first place.

Whether this is done by making the file a conffile or otherwise
handling it manually is orthogonal. See Policy §10.7 et al.


Don Armstrong

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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Tony Houghton
On Tue, 15 Feb 2011 16:33:25 +
Tony Houghton h...@realh.co.uk wrote:

 I was wondering, why are init scripts installed as conffiles? Is there a
 good reason other than that they're in /etc and nobody bothered to make
 an exception in debhelper?
 
 I would have thought it would be better to treat them as not to be
 modified by the user/admin; any init configuration should be done via
 /etc/default.

OK, I can see that it's probably better to leave init scripts as they
are, but what I don't like about it is that init scripts get left behind
when uninstalling packages. It wouldn't be quite so bad if packages
called update-rc.d disable on their init scripts when removed so that
init doesn't read the disused scripts, but AFAICT from the Policy Manual
(sec 9.3.3.1) that isn't standard behaviour.

If you try to remove them manually they don't get reinstalled if you
reinstall the package later unless you use dpkg --force-conf and if you
use purge you may remove other conffiles that you do want to keep. The
fact that they aren't ordinary config files can cause a problem if you
delete one or break it badly during editing. Ideally a program should
still work and use default settings if a config file is missing, but in
most cases a missing init script breaks a package quite badly.

How about I file a wishlist bug for dpkg and apt for an option similar
to purge but which only purges files which haven't been altered from the
package's default?


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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Boyd Stephen Smith Jr.
On Tuesday 15 February 2011 15:16:27 Tony Houghton wrote:
 How about I file a wishlist bug for dpkg and apt for an option similar
 to purge but which only purges files which haven't been altered from the
 package's default?

From what I understand, neither APT nor dpkg know if a file has been modified 
since it has been installed.  Some packages ship with debsums, but not all.  
Neither the original .deb or any sort of exploded form is saved for the 
entire time a package is installed.
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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Russ Allbery
Jesús M. Navarro jesus.nava...@undominio.net writes:

 Anyway, my position would be that init script shouldn't have to be
 config files.  For this to be true these steps should need to be worked
 on:

[...]

Given that nearly all of the Linux distribution work on init systems right
now is towards replacing the old System V init system with something like
upstart or systemd, I don't think this is worth the effort.  Both of those
systems support far-smaller configuration files for starting daemons (and
ones that should probably stay configuration files, since they avoid most
of the problems of init scripts being configuration files while still
providing the same features).

The effort that would be put into plastering over further problems with
System V init scripts could, I think, be better put into working out the
details of an optional transition to a better init system.

-- 
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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Sven Joachim
On 2011-02-15 22:24 +0100, Boyd Stephen Smith Jr. wrote:

 On Tuesday 15 February 2011 15:16:27 Tony Houghton wrote:
 How about I file a wishlist bug for dpkg and apt for an option similar
 to purge but which only purges files which haven't been altered from the
 package's default?

 From what I understand, neither APT nor dpkg know if a file has been modified 
 since it has been installed.

Well, dpkg stores the md5sum of conffiles in its database and thus knows
when they are modified, so removing unmodified conffiles would be
possible in theory.  However, the dpkg developers don't think this is a
good idea: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=351900.

Sven


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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Don Armstrong
On Tue, 15 Feb 2011, Tony Houghton wrote:
 I don't like about it is that init scripts get left behind when
 uninstalling packages. 

Configuration files are always left behind unless you purge a package.

 It wouldn't be quite so bad if packages called update-rc.d disable
 on their init scripts when removed so that init doesn't read the
 disused scripts, but AFAICT from the Policy Manual (sec 9.3.3.1)
 that isn't standard behaviour.

The standard behavior is to exit 0 in the init script if the package
is no longer installed; that's a fairly reasonable thing to do.

 The fact that they aren't ordinary config files can cause a problem
 if you delete one or break it badly during editing.

This is the same issue that you have with /etc/default/* and many
other configuration files; editing them can break the configuration
and cause things not to work properly.

 How about I file a wishlist bug for dpkg and apt for an option
 similar to purge but which only purges files which haven't been
 altered from the package's default?

I've personally never had a use case for such an option myself; either
you want the package installed, you want it removed for now, but may
reinstall it later, or you never want to reinstall it again. [And you
were looking for --force-confmiss, btw.]


Don Armstrong

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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Matt Zagrabelny
On Tue, Feb 15, 2011 at 4:06 PM, Don Armstrong d...@debian.org wrote:
 On Tue, 15 Feb 2011, Tony Houghton wrote:
 I don't like about it is that init scripts get left behind when
 uninstalling packages.

 Configuration files are always left behind unless you purge a package.

Sure. That doesn't make it correct, optimal, or the best option, just
how things have always been done.

I understand the difference between remove and purge and the reason to
use both, but removing unmodified conf files seems like a win to me.
Keeps the clutter down.

-matt zagrabelny


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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Tony Houghton
On Tue, 15 Feb 2011 14:06:20 -0800
Don Armstrong d...@debian.org wrote:

 On Tue, 15 Feb 2011, Tony Houghton wrote:
  It wouldn't be quite so bad if packages called update-rc.d disable
  on their init scripts when removed so that init doesn't read the
  disused scripts, but AFAICT from the Policy Manual (sec 9.3.3.1)
  that isn't standard behaviour.
 
 The standard behavior is to exit 0 in the init script if the package
 is no longer installed; that's a fairly reasonable thing to do.

Yes (not just reasonable, but quite important if redundant init scripts
don't get cleaned up and you don't want error messages from them), but
init has to waste time loading and interpreting the scripts.

  How about I file a wishlist bug for dpkg and apt for an option
  similar to purge but which only purges files which haven't been
  altered from the package's default?
 
 I've personally never had a use case for such an option myself; either
 you want the package installed, you want it removed for now, but may
 reinstall it later, or you never want to reinstall it again. [And you
 were looking for --force-confmiss, btw.]

Well, isn't this enhanced purge ideal for the second case?


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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Tony Houghton
On Tue, 15 Feb 2011 22:50:53 +0100
Sven Joachim svenj...@gmx.de wrote:

 On 2011-02-15 22:24 +0100, Boyd Stephen Smith Jr. wrote:
 
  On Tuesday 15 February 2011 15:16:27 Tony Houghton wrote:
  How about I file a wishlist bug for dpkg and apt for an option
  similar to purge but which only purges files which haven't been
  altered from the package's default?
 
  From what I understand, neither APT nor dpkg know if a file has
  been modified since it has been installed.
 
 Well, dpkg stores the md5sum of conffiles in its database and thus
 knows when they are modified, so removing unmodified conffiles would
 be possible in theory.  However, the dpkg developers don't think this
 is a good idea:
 http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=351900.

They didn't say they don't think it's a good idea, just that they didn't
see the point, but I think a point similar to mine (that something like
purge that only purges unmodified files and keeps mosified ones would be
good) was in a later post that they overlooked.


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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Joey Hess
Matt Zagrabelny wrote:
 Sure. That doesn't make it correct, optimal, or the best option, just
 how things have always been done.
 
 I understand the difference between remove and purge and the reason to
 use both, but removing unmodified conf files seems like a win to me.
 Keeps the clutter down.

You'll stop thinking this when apt decides to do an upgrade as follows:

1. remove foo (and its conffiles)
2. install bar
3. install foo

That is one of the reasons for the current behavior, and temporarily
removing a package is how apt deals with certian dependency issues. 
Renaming a package is another similar reason for the current behavior.

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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Matt Zagrabelny
On Tue, Feb 15, 2011 at 4:39 PM, Joey Hess jo...@debian.org wrote:
 Matt Zagrabelny wrote:
 Sure. That doesn't make it correct, optimal, or the best option, just
 how things have always been done.

 I understand the difference between remove and purge and the reason to
 use both, but removing unmodified conf files seems like a win to me.
 Keeps the clutter down.

 You'll stop thinking this when apt decides to do an upgrade as follows:

 1. remove foo (and its conffiles)
 2. install bar
 3. install foo

 That is one of the reasons for the current behavior, and temporarily
 removing a package is how apt deals with certian dependency issues.
 Renaming a package is another similar reason for the current behavior.

1. would remove the unmodified conf file
3. would install it

Did I miss something?

-matt zagrabelny


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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Boyd Stephen Smith Jr.
On Tuesday 15 February 2011 16:44:49 Matt Zagrabelny wrote:
 On Tue, Feb 15, 2011 at 4:39 PM, Joey Hess jo...@debian.org wrote:
  Matt Zagrabelny wrote:
  I understand the difference between remove and purge and the reason to
  use both, but removing unmodified conf files seems like a win to me.
  Keeps the clutter down.
  
  You'll stop thinking this when apt decides to do an upgrade as follows:
  
  1. remove foo (and its conffiles)
  2. install bar
  3. install foo
  
  That is one of the reasons for the current behavior, and temporarily
  removing a package is how apt deals with certian dependency issues.
  Renaming a package is another similar reason for the current behavior.
 
 1. would remove the unmodified conf file
 3. would install it
 
 Did I miss something?

It might be different and incompatible with the conffile(s) (if any) you did 
save.  For example, it might no longer #include (or similar) the conffile that 
was saved.

I would support a --purge-unchanged option, it seems like it could be useful 
in certain circumstances.  However, something like that couldn't be the 
default for the same reason --purge can't be the default.

I'm not sure how such a state would be representing in dpkg.  uninstalled, 
half-configured?
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Re: Init scripts as conffiles

2011-02-15 Thread Tony Houghton
On Tue, 15 Feb 2011 17:04:10 -0600
Boyd Stephen Smith Jr. b...@iguanasuicide.net wrote:

 On Tuesday 15 February 2011 16:44:49 Matt Zagrabelny wrote:
  On Tue, Feb 15, 2011 at 4:39 PM, Joey Hess jo...@debian.org wrote:
   Matt Zagrabelny wrote:
   I understand the difference between remove and purge and the
   reason to use both, but removing unmodified conf files seems
^^
   like a win to me. Keeps the clutter down.
   
   You'll stop thinking this when apt decides to do an upgrade as
   follows:
   
   1. remove foo (and its conffiles)
   2. install bar
   3. install foo
   
   That is one of the reasons for the current behavior, and
   temporarily removing a package is how apt deals with certian
   dependency issues. Renaming a package is another similar reason
   for the current behavior.
  
  1. would remove the unmodified conf file
  3. would install it
  
  Did I miss something?
 
 It might be different and incompatible with the conffile(s) (if any)
 you did save.  For example, it might no longer #include (or similar)
 the conffile that was saved.

I think you missed something (unmodified).

 I would support a --purge-unchanged option, it seems like it could be
 useful in certain circumstances.  However, something like that
 couldn't be the default for the same reason --purge can't be the
 default.

Purging only unchanged files is what we're asking for. If it's a
non-default option I'd be satisfied with that.

 I'm not sure how such a state would be representing in dpkg.
 uninstalled, half-configured?

Hm, good point. If it was marked not-installed would dpkg/apt still
avoid clobbering a previously installed conffile? If it was marked
config-files then dpkg/apt would need rewriting to make
--force-confmiss the default. 


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