Useless use of "dd"

[Teemu Likonen]

* 2021-07-01 20:43:09-0700, David Christensen wrote:

> To "take an image", the script invokes dd(1) and pipes the output to
> gzip(1), copying raw device octets to a file. To "restore an image",
> the process is reversed.

Sounds like the classic "useless use of dd". For general educational
purposes I remind (not necessarily you) that "dd" is just a file copying
(and conversion) tool, almost like "cat". By default "dd" is a slow
version of "cat" because it uses smaller buffers. "dd" can be made
faster by increasing its buffer size but that will not make it more than
just "cat".

So "dd" is not a special tool for accessing device files. Device files
don't need special tools. They are files. The following command:

dd if=/dev/sdX | gzip >image.gz

is slower but functionally the same as either of these:

gzip image.gz
gzip --to-stdout /dev/sdX >image.gz

Usually we don't need "dd" for anything but there are some options which
are useful sometimes. For example, "dd" can report progress to standard
error stream and it can seek and limit read to some blocks or bytes.

-- 
/// Teemu Likonen - .-.. https://www.iki.fi/tlikonen/
// OpenPGP: 4E1055DC84E9DFF613D78557719D69D324539450


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Re: Font color selection in MATE terminal

[Marc Shapiro]

On 6/22/21 9:23 AM, Siard wrote:

On Tue, 22 Jun 2021 17:32:55, Andrei POPESCU wrote:

On Ma, 22 iun 21, 08:14:08, Richard Owlett wrote:

I have vision problems.
I *MUST* have black on white text in all cases.
The program I'm running gives out colored text.
The MATE Help screen is NOT helpful.
Help please.

This has already been addressed before: you must change the color scheme
in the setting for MATE Terminal, to have it use black/dark gray/etc. as
needed for everything related to text.

The exact steps are different for each terminal emulator and I don't
have MATE Terminal installed here.

Well, I have. In the MATE Terminal settings (Edit > Profile Preferences),
tab 'Colors', under 'Palette', set 'Built-in schemes' to 'Custom' and
change every color in the color palette to black.

Here is a screenshot:
https://i.postimg.cc/2yv17y3Y/mateterminalcolors.png


Why select 'Custom'?

Richard needs black on white, so he should select 'Black on white'.  It 
works for me.  I have been using 'Custom', Yellow on Black, like my 
first monitor many years ago.  But selecting 'Black on white' gives 
exactly that.


Marc

Re: Whole Disk Encryption + SSD

[David Christensen]

On 7/1/21 7:55 PM, David Wright wrote:

On Mon 28 Jun 2021 at 13:36:35 (-0700), David Christensen wrote:


I do not set the 'discard' (trim) option in fstab(5).  If and when I
want to erase unused blocks (such as before taking an image), I use
fstrim(8).


Can you elaborate on a couple of things:

How do you "take an image". Is this equivalent to a conventional
dd if=/dev/sda …, or to some other process?


I wrote a script.  To "take an image", the script invokes dd(1) and 
pipes the output to gzip(1), copying raw device octets to a file.  To 
"restore an image", the process is reversed.




When I copy an entire conventional drive or partition, all the
free blocks/unused sectors are carefully transferred to the copy.


Same here.



What improvement does erasing unused blocks achieve?


Zero blocks are readily compressed, reducing the size of the image file.


David

Re: GRUB command-line with timeout

[David]

On Fri, 2 Jul 2021 at 06:47, David Wright  wrote:
> On Thu 01 Jul 2021 at 20:39:48 (+0100), Brian wrote:
> > On Thu 01 Jul 2021 at 20:08:40 +0200, Steve Keller wrote:

> > > When booting with GRUB, normally the menu showing several kernel
> > > versions and/or kernel command lines appears to choose from.  If no
> > > selection is made within a few seconds (default is 5s IIRC), the
> > > default entry is booted.

> > > I'd prefer to be dropped into the GRUB command line instead of that
> > > menu.  But still I'd like to have the timeout after which a default
> > > entry is boot if no command is entered at the prompt.

> > You want GRUB's normal operation but, at the same time, you want GRUB
> > to fail?

> > The use case is interesting. Perhaps you could explain.

> > > Can that be configured in GRUB?

> > Only with great difficulty.

I wonder how you think this might be achieved, because I can't
imagine any way to do this, short of patching and rebuilding grub.
Which is not what I think of as "configured" :)

Because I'd imagine that the timeout is part of the menu-key
handling code, which is unlikely to have anything to do with the
interactive-prompt key handling and parsing code.

> I agree. My (untested) partial solution still requires you to press C
> to get the Grub prompt.

I'm not able to find any means to access the parent grub prompt
that does not require a keypress ("press a key to continue" appears
after various intentional failure experiments).

It is possible to activate a nested grub prompt via a menuentry like:

menuentry "grub prompt" {
normal a_filename_that_does_not_exist
}

Which could automatically activate after a time delay. However that
is the opposite of what the OP wants.

And I can't understand why anybody would want that behaviour
anyway. One would be thinking that they've been dropped into
the interactive-prompt because of a failure, and without any
warning the system actually boots out of there? Ugh.

So, it's a "no" from me :)

Re: Whole Disk Encryption + SSD

[David Wright]

On Mon 28 Jun 2021 at 13:36:35 (-0700), David Christensen wrote:

> I do not set the 'discard' (trim) option in fstab(5).  If and when I
> want to erase unused blocks (such as before taking an image), I use
> fstrim(8).

Can you elaborate on a couple of things:

How do you "take an image". Is this equivalent to a conventional
dd if=/dev/sda …, or to some other process?

When I copy an entire conventional drive or partition, all the
free blocks/unused sectors are carefully transferred to the copy.
What improvement does erasing unused blocks achieve?

Cheers,
David.

Re: why is package mono-vbnc missing from Buster?

[Polyna-Maude Racicot-Summerside]

Hi,

On 2021-07-01 5:52 p.m., Mark Copper wrote:
> mono-vbnc is a package in stretch and sid but not buster. Why is that?
> 

You can get a version that is compatible with Debian by using this repo.

https://www.mono-project.com/download/stable/

sudo apt install apt-transport-https dirmngr gnupg ca-certificates
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys
3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF
echo "deb https://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian stable-buster
main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-official-stable.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install mono-devel

If you already have some Debian distribution based package then it would
be recommended to remove them.

Later on, if you need some package not found in the Mono distribution
but you can find in Debian then you can compile them yourself, linked
against Mono-project version by doing something similar to :

apt-get source packagename
cd packagename-x.y
debuild

If you need more info on compiling some specific package, let me know.

PS: There may be a Mono mailing list where you could find more info.
-- 
Polyna-Maude R.-Summerside
-Be smart, Be wise, Support opensource development



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Re: why is package mono-vbnc missing from Buster?

[Mark Copper]

Thank you.

On Thu, Jul 1, 2021 at 3:55 PM Greg Wooledge  wrote:
>
> On Thu, Jul 01, 2021 at 03:52:42PM -0600, Mark Copper wrote:
> > mono-vbnc is a package in stretch and sid but not buster. Why is that?
>
> https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/mono-basic
>
> According to this, it was removed from testing in 2019.  You can click
> the links to see why.
>

Re: Une histoire d'authentification à s'arracher les cheveux

[Étienne Mollier]

Bonjour JKB,

BERTRAND Joël, on 2021-06-27:
>   Et là, je sèche, je ne comprends pas. L'authentification doit être
> reproductible. Je ne vois pas pourquoi b2 peut se connecter au démarrage
> de la machine hilbert et pas b1. Et surtout, je ne comprends pas
> pourquoi après un certain temps, tout semble redevenir normal sans que
> rien d'explicite n'ait été fait sur le réseau, sur le client ou sur le
> serveur.

Ce genre de symptôme ressemble furieusement à un cache qui tarde
à se mettre à jour.  Est-ce que, par hasard, les choses rentrent
dans l'ordre d'elles-même un peu plus vite en redémarrant nscd
sur hilbert ?  (en admettant que nscd soit présent ; il est tiré
comme paquet recommandé par ypbind-mt.)

Bonne soirée,
-- 
Étienne Mollier 
Fingerprint:  8f91 b227 c7d6 f2b1 948c  8236 793c f67e 8f0d 11da
Sent from /dev/pts/5, please excuse my verbosity.


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Re: Plantages Xorg (i915, context reset due to GPU hang)

[Étienne Mollier]

Bonjour Daniel,

Daniel Caillibaud, on 2021-07-01:
> Le 16/06/21 à 13:13, Daniel Caillibaud  a écrit :
> > J'ai commencé par mettre les options
> >   intel_idle.max_cstate=1 i915.enable_dc=0
> 
> Ça n'a rien changé.
> 
> J'ai ensuite désactivé dans le bios toutes les optimisation cpu (cstate, 
> speed state, turbo
> boost), et je me suis retrouvé avec un gros veau (délais ×2 à ×6 suivant les 
> tâches) qui
> plantait un peu moins mais plantait quand même.
> 
> J'avais qq espoirs après là mise à jour du paquet intel-microcode de lundi, 
> encore raté…
> 
> J'ai par ailleurs constaté que mon client slack-desktop était vraiment 
> goinfre en RAM, je l'ai
> fermé, et depuis ça n'a pas planté…
> 
> Ce n'est peut-être pas lui qui est directement en cause, mais la conjonction 
> d'opérations qui
> menaient au plantage (et que j'ai pas identifié) semble ne plus se produire 
> depuis qu'il ne
> tourne plus…
> 
> (c'était un slack-deskop installé sous jessie depuis la source
> deb https://packagecloud.io/slacktechnologies/slack/debian/ jessie main
> que j'ai récemment réinstallé avec snap, j'avais des plantages avec les deux 
> versions)

Je n'ai jamais eu l'occasion d'utiliser slack, donc peut-être
que mon idée n'aura pas beaucoup de sens, mais est-ce que slack
propose de désactiver l'accélération graphique ?  Peut-être que
désactiver ce paramètre aiderait à la stabilité de la machine ?

J'ai téléchargé un .deb de slack-desktop 4.17.0[1] depuis le
site de slack.com, et j'ai vu que le programme embarquait un
chrome-sandbox setuid, combiné à des bibliothèques OpenGL et
Vulkan tierces.  D'où l'idée que, si ce programme exécute des
bibliothèques graphiques buguées en tant que root, alors
peut-être que ça expliquerait les crashes avec le pilote i915.

Bonne soirée,
-- 
Étienne Mollier 
Fingerprint:  8f91 b227 c7d6 f2b1 948c  8236 793c f67e 8f0d 11da
Sent from /dev/pts/0, please excuse my verbosity.

Pour référence :
[1] : 
https://downloads.slack-edge.com/linux_releases/slack-desktop-4.17.0-amd64.deb


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Re: Debian Buster - Installation du client oracle 11.2 en version complete

[phoebus phoebus]

Bonjour à tous,

Comme l'a suggéré Bernard dans un courriel, il est possible de se référer à la 
documentation 

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Oracle%20Instant%20Client

Et dans ce cas, en effet il est possible d'installer les différents paquets au 
format RPM via 'alien'.
C'est le choix de contournement que j'utilise pour l'instant et il fonctionne 
(Test via sqlplus OK) au moins au niveau système.
Au niveau applicatif, je verrai lors de l'installation de l'applicatif.

Cordialement,
Thierry

Re: why is package mono-vbnc missing from Buster?

[Greg Wooledge]

On Thu, Jul 01, 2021 at 03:52:42PM -0600, Mark Copper wrote:
> mono-vbnc is a package in stretch and sid but not buster. Why is that?

https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/mono-basic

According to this, it was removed from testing in 2019.  You can click
the links to see why.

why is package mono-vbnc missing from Buster?

[Mark Copper]

mono-vbnc is a package in stretch and sid but not buster. Why is that?

Re: Wanted: a special purpose Debian installer

[Brian]

On Thu 01 Jul 2021 at 16:34:46 -0400, Felix Miata wrote:

> Brian composed on 2021-07-01 21:05 (UTC+0100):
> 
> > On Thu 01 Jul 2021 at 12:40:05 -0400, Felix Miata wrote:
>   
> 
> >> Dunno what to tell you. Maybe that's because I always include also
>  
> >>tasks=standard
>  
> > Extremely unlikely. In fact, impossible.
>   
> 
> Interesting claim. Care to explain further?

Not particularly. The standard task does not pull in anything to
account for mine or Richard's observations. In fact, I did not
install it.

Over to you and your imagination.

-- 
Brian.

Re: Debian Linux keyboard mapping files ...

[David Wright]

On Thu 01 Jul 2021 at 12:46:01 (-0400), Albretch Mueller wrote:
> $ ls -l /etc/console-setup/boottime.kmap.gz
> ls: cannot access '/etc/console-setup/boottime.kmap.gz': No such file
> or directory
> $
> 
>  Or did you mean in the /etc/console-setup of the installation CD/DVD?
> ~

No idea. That was somebody else's post.

> $ file /etc/console-setup/compose.KOI8-R.inc
> /etc/console-setup/compose.KOI8-R.inc: ASCII text
> 
> $ ls -l /etc/console-setup/compose.KOI8-R.inc &
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31 Apr  6  2017 /etc/console-setup/compose.KOI8-R.inc
> 
> $ wc -l /etc/console-setup/compose.KOI8-R.inc &
> 1 /etc/console-setup/compose.KOI8-R.inc
> 
> $ cat /etc/console-setup/compose.KOI8-R.inc &[2] 8630
> # Compose sequences for KOI8-R
> $
> 
> $ ls -l /etc/console-setup/
> total 144
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  819 Mar 10  2018 cached_ISO-8859-15.acm.gz
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4736 Mar 10  2018 cached_ISO-8859-15_del.kmap.gz
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2427 Mar 10  2018 cached_Lat15-Fixed16.psf.gz

Those files look like they might date from the original installation.

> -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  473 Feb 17 06:49 cached_setup_font.sh
> -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  199 Feb 17 06:49 cached_setup_keyboard.sh
> -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   73 Feb 17 06:49 cached_setup_terminal.sh
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4024 Feb 17 06:49 cached_UTF-8_del.kmap.gz

Yes, they look rather like mine. The first part of
cached_UTF-8_del.kmap.gz can look really boring unless you're tracking
down some obscure modifier combination, but then it's followed by the
Compose sequences that get dpkg-reconfigure'd into it from remap.inc.

> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   34 Apr  6  2017 compose.ARMSCII-8.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   31 Apr  6  2017 compose.CP1251.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   31 Apr  6  2017 compose.CP1255.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   31 Apr  6  2017 compose.CP1256.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   41 Apr  6  2017 compose.GEORGIAN-ACADEMY.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   36 Apr  6  2017 compose.GEORGIAN-PS.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   32 Apr  6  2017 compose.IBM1133.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   35 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISIRI-3342.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   36 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-10.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   36 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-11.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3737 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-13.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3020 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-14.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3552 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-15.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   36 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-16.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3596 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-1.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2893 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-2.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3387 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-3.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2805 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-4.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   35 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-5.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   35 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-6.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1217 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-7.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   35 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-8.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3617 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-9.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   31 Apr  6  2017 compose.KOI8-R.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   31 Apr  6  2017 compose.KOI8-U.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   32 Apr  6  2017 compose.TIS-620.inc
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   31 Apr  6  2017 compose.VISCII.inc

I've never worked out whether they do anything for me, as they appear
to be written in different (perhaps their titular) codesets.

> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1359 Apr  6  2017 remap.inc

That's the file I replace. The original version consists only of comments.

> $
> 
> > I'm not quite sure I can reconcile your subject line and text.
> 
>  Given the baseline option a user chooses as "language" during
> installation, the codes sent by the keyboard should be interpreted.
> 
>  There should be files with the associations of (unicode) numbers and
> keys on a keyboard. I don't think that information is "secret" in any
> way. Where can I find those files?

There's no such table: it cannot exist. Which unicode number would you
assign to CapsLock, or RightShift. There are several layers of
translation which lie between pressing/releasing a key and assigning
a character to the result. Some of these tables are built up out of
component parts, like the basic letter keys, the "shift"s at their
edges, function keys, keypads, multimedia, etc.

> > The eventual mapping is then placed in /etc/console-setup/, so mine
> > is in /etc/console-setup/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap.gz
> 
> $ ls -l /etc/console-setup/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap.gz
> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4024 Feb 17 06:49
> /etc/console-setup/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap.gz
> 
> $ cp -v /etc/console-setup/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap.gz /home/$(whoami)/temp
> '/etc/console-setup/cached_UTF-8_del.km
> ap.gz' -> '/home/debian/temp/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap.gz'
> 
>  and in this file:
> 
> $ ls -l /home/debian/temp/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap
> -rw-r--r-- 1 debian debian 

Re: GRUB command-line with timeout

[David Wright]

On Thu 01 Jul 2021 at 20:39:48 (+0100), Brian wrote:
> On Thu 01 Jul 2021 at 20:08:40 +0200, Steve Keller wrote:
> 
> > When booting with GRUB, normally the menu showing several kernel
> > versions and/or kernel command lines appears to choose from.  If no
> > selection is made within a few seconds (default is 5s IIRC), the
> > default entry is booted.
> 
> Sounds about right.
> 
> > I'd prefer to be dropped into the GRUB command line instead of that
> > menu.  But still I'd like to have the timeout after which a default
> > entry is boot if no command is entered at the prompt.
> 
> You want GRUB's normal operation but, at the same time, you want GRUB
> to fail?
> 
> The use case is interesting. Perhaps you could explain.
> 
> > Can that be configured in GRUB?
> 
> Only with great difficulty.

I agree. My (untested) partial solution still requires you to press C
to get the Grub prompt.

It does seem a recipe for confusion, though. How would you tell if
Grub said "Grub>" because you had succeeded in your quest,
or said "Grub>" because it had failed, i the normal way of things.

Cheers,
David.

Re: Wanted: a special purpose Debian installer

[Felix Miata]

Brian composed on 2021-07-01 21:05 (UTC+0100):

> On Thu 01 Jul 2021 at 12:40:05 -0400, Felix Miata wrote:


>> Dunno what to tell you. Maybe that's because I always include also
 
>>  tasks=standard
 
> Extremely unlikely. In fact, impossible.


Interesting claim. Care to explain further?

The following is from a local LAN backup/template directory, partially redacted:

Inst/Grub # grep tasks=standard *cfg* *lst* | wc -l
345
Inst/Grub # ls -rtgG *.cfg* *.lst* | tail
-rw-r--r-- 1 10552 Nov 11  2020 menu.lst.gx780-boot.19
-rw-r--r-- 1 10023 Dec 13  2020 menu.lst.gx150-boot.35
-rwxrwxr-x 1  7287 Jan 18 02:37 customARA88-02.cfg
-rwxr-xr-x 1  4800 Feb  9 03:42 customAB85m-05.cfg
-rwxr-xr-x 1  4802 Feb 27 21:39 customAB85m-06.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 10843 Apr  3 21:32 menu.lst.gx780-boot.20
-rw-r--r-- 1  4877 Apr 19 14:34 menu.lst.gx270-boot.39
-rwxr-xr-x 1  5486 Apr 29 18:40 customAB85m-07.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1  4637 May  1 20:59 menu.lst.gx78b-boot.23
-rw-rw-r-- 1 18115 Jun  3 04:15 menu.lst.hp945-boot.47
Inst/Grub # grep tasks=standard customAB85m-07.cfg
linuxefi /deb10/linux showopts --- netcfg/get_hostname=ab85m 
netcfg/get_domain=ij.net netcfg/disable_autoconfig=true 
netcfg/get_ipaddress=#.#.#.#/24 netcfg/get_gateway=#.#.#.# 
netcfg/get_nameservers=8.8.4.4 netcfg/confirm_static=true tasks=standard 
base-installer/install-recommends=false
linuxefi /buntu/linux showopts --- netcfg/get_hostname=ab85m 
netcfg/get_domain=ij.net netcfg/disable_autoconfig=true 
netcfg/get_ipaddress=#.#.#.#/24 netcfg/get_gateway=#.#.#.# 
netcfg/get_nameservers=8.8.4.4 netcfg/confirm_static=true tasks=standard 
base-installer/install-recommends=false
-- 
Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion,
based on faith, not based on science.

 Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks!

Felix Miata

Re: Wanted: a special purpose Debian installer

[Richard Owlett]

On 07/01/2021 11:40 AM, Felix Miata wrote:

Richard Owlett composed on 2021-07-01 08:00 (UTC-0500):


Felix Miata wrote:



Richard Owlett composed on 2021-06-30 08:43 (UTC-0500):



I don't recall just when I
did it but I had tried including "install-recommends=false" somewhere in
the command line. It failed.


I start most installations with Grub. Nearly always I start with a minimal
installation. On the linu lines in these files is:



base-installer/install-recommends=false



I tried that this morning.
I did *NOT* get the desired result.
I got all the "recommended" packages of MATE Desktop Environment.
Just as if I hadn't specified otherwise on the installer command line :{



Dunno what to tell you. Maybe that's because I always include also

tasks=standard

I only add a desktop after first boot into the fresh minimal installation.

What other command line options did you use?




None other added to defaults.

Re: Wanted: a special purpose Debian installer

[Brian]

On Thu 01 Jul 2021 at 12:40:05 -0400, Felix Miata wrote:

> Richard Owlett composed on 2021-07-01 08:00 (UTC-0500):
> 
> > Felix Miata wrote:
> 
> >> Richard Owlett composed on 2021-06-30 08:43 (UTC-0500):
> 
> >>> I don't recall just when I
> >>> did it but I had tried including "install-recommends=false" somewhere in
> >>> the command line. It failed.  
> >>> 
> >> I start most installations with Grub. Nearly always I start with a minimal
> >> installation. On the linu lines in these files is:
> 
> >>base-installer/install-recommends=false
> 
> > I tried that this morning.
> > I did *NOT* get the desired result.
> > I got all the "recommended" packages of MATE Desktop Environment.
> > Just as if I hadn't specified otherwise on the installer command line :{
>   
> 
> Dunno what to tell you. Maybe that's because I always include also
> 
>   tasks=standard

Extremely unlikely. In fact, impossible.

> I only add a desktop after first boot into the fresh minimal installation.

This isn't what Richard Owlet or I are doing. We are not on the same page.

> What other command line options did you use?

Irrelelevant.

-- 
Brian.

Re: Unsubscrible

[Lucas Castro]

No próprio cabeçalho (ver fonte) do email informa como remover inscrição.

List-Unsubscribe: 


Conforme a informação apenas enviar email
com título unsubscribe para debian-user-portuguese-requ...@lists.debian.org

On 6/25/21 4:04 AM, Yuri Musachio wrote:

Boa noite, galera!

Pra galera que quer dar “unsubscribe” na lista por seja lá qual o 
motivo, tem esse link aqui que talvez possa ajuda-los: 
https://www.debian.org/MailingLists/unsubscribe 






Best,


On 24 Jun 2021, at 17:02, Paulo Correia  wrote:


Rodrigo,

Na verdade o admin pouco pode fazer nesse seu caso, antes vinha no 
e-mail uma assinatura onde podia fazer o unsubscribe, mas por algum 
motivo desconhecido ela sumiu.


Mas é só pesquisar no oráculo Google por "debian list unsubscribe" 
que já é o primeiro resultado.



Att,

Paulo Correia




*De:* Rodrigo S.Pereira 
*Enviado:* quinta-feira, 24 de junho de 2021 11:57
*Para:* Leandro Guimarães Faria Corcete DUTRA ; 
Gilberto F da Silva <2458...@gmail.com>
*Cc:* Aguinaldo Alves ; 
debian-user-portuguese@lists.debian.org 


*Assunto:* RE: Unsubscrible
Pessoal,
Eu não contribuo e só leio as vezes.
Podem retirar meu e-mail ?



*De:* Leandro Guimarães Faria Corcete DUTRA 
*Enviado:* sábado, 5 de junho de 2021 11:43
*Para:* Gilberto F da Silva <2458...@gmail.com>
*Cc:* Aguinaldo Alves ; 
debian-user-portuguese@lists.debian.org 


*Assunto:* Re: Unsubscrible
5 jun 2021 10:39:12 Gilberto F da Silva <2458...@gmail.com>:
>
> On Sat, Dec 26, 2020 at 9:41:01AM –3, Aguinaldo Alves wrote:
>>
>> --
>
>    Quando es[t]a lista será desativada?

Espero que esta lista nunca morra, ou só quando inventar-se algo 
melhor que o correio eletrônico de texto puro.   Mas estás à vontade 
para dela sair.



--
Lucas Castro

Re: GRUB command-line with timeout

[Brian]

On Thu 01 Jul 2021 at 20:08:40 +0200, Steve Keller wrote:

> When booting with GRUB, normally the menu showing several kernel
> versions and/or kernel command lines appears to choose from.  If no
> selection is made within a few seconds (default is 5s IIRC), the
> default entry is booted.

Sounds about right.

> I'd prefer to be dropped into the GRUB command line instead of that
> menu.  But still I'd like to have the timeout after which a default
> entry is boot if no command is entered at the prompt.

You want GRUB's normal operation but, at the same time, you want GRUB
to fail?

The use case is interesting. Perhaps you could explain.

> Can that be configured in GRUB?

Only with great difficulty.

-- 
Brian.

Re: problem with speedtest-cli

[Liam O'Toole]

On Thu, 01 Jul, 2021 at 18:52:42 +0800, kaye n wrote:
>On Fri, Jun 11, 2021 at 12:28 AM Liam O'Toole
><[1]liam.p.oto...@gmail.com> wrote:
> 
>  On Fri, 11 Jun, 2021 at 00:08:51 +0800, kaye n wrote:
>  >Hello guys
>  >kaye@laptop:~$ speedtest-cli
>  >Retrieving [1][2]speedtest.net configuration...
>  >Traceback (most recent call last):
>  >  File "/usr/bin/speedtest-cli", line 11, in 
>  >load_entry_point('speedtest-cli==2.0.2', 'console_scripts',
>  >'speedtest-cli')()
>  >  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line
>  1887, in
>  >main
>  >shell()
>  >  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line
>  1783, in
>  >shell
>  >secure=args.secure
>  >  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line
>  1027, in
>  >__init__
>  >self.get_config()
>  >  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line
>  1113, in
>  >get_config
>  >map(int, server_config['ignoreids'].split(','))
>  >ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''
>  >I don't know what's wrong.
>  >Thank you for your time.
>  >Kaye
>  >
>  It's a known issue[1]. A workaround is to edit the file
>  /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py. Remove the following
>  block beginning on line 1112
> ignore_servers = list(
> map(int, server_config['ignoreids'].split(','))
> )
>  and replace it with
>  ignore_servers = [
>  int(i) for i in
>  server_config['ignoreids'].split(',') if i
>  ]
>  Hopefully the issue will be fixed in the next stable point release.
>  [1] [3]https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=986637
> 
>Hello!
>It did not seem to fix the problem.
>kaye@laptop:~$ speedtest-cli
>Retrieving [4]speedtest.net configuration...
>Traceback (most recent call last):
>  File "/usr/bin/speedtest-cli", line 11, in 
>load_entry_point('speedtest-cli==2.0.2', 'console_scripts',
>'speedtest-cli')()
>  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1887, in
>main
>shell()
>  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1783, in
>shell
>secure=args.secure
>  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1027, in
>__init__
>self.get_config()
>  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1113, in
>get_config
>map(int, server_config['ignoreids'].split(','))
>ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''
>not a big deal, i can tolerate it.  but downloading huge files can be
>frustrating. but really no biggie.
>thank you for your time.
> 

The problem has been fixed in the latest stable update[1]. I suggest that you 
upgrade accordingly.

[1] https://www.debian.org/News/2021/20210619

Re: Plantages Xorg (i915, context reset due to GPU hang)

[BERTRAND Joël]

-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA512

Étienne Mollier a écrit :
> Bonjour Daniel,
> 
> Daniel Caillibaud, on 2021-07-01:
>> Le 16/06/21 à 13:13, Daniel Caillibaud  a
>> écrit :
>>> J'ai commencé par mettre les options intel_idle.max_cstate=1
>>> i915.enable_dc=0
>> 
>> Ça n'a rien changé.
>> 
>> J'ai ensuite désactivé dans le bios toutes les optimisation cpu
>> (cstate, speed state, turbo boost), et je me suis retrouvé avec
>> un gros veau (délais ×2 à ×6 suivant les tâches) qui plantait un
>> peu moins mais plantait quand même.
>> 
>> J'avais qq espoirs après là mise à jour du paquet intel-microcode
>> de lundi, encore raté…
>> 
>> J'ai par ailleurs constaté que mon client slack-desktop était
>> vraiment goinfre en RAM, je l'ai fermé, et depuis ça n'a pas
>> planté…
>> 
>> Ce n'est peut-être pas lui qui est directement en cause, mais la
>> conjonction d'opérations qui menaient au plantage (et que j'ai
>> pas identifié) semble ne plus se produire depuis qu'il ne tourne
>> plus…
>> 
>> (c'était un slack-deskop installé sous jessie depuis la source 
>> deb https://packagecloud.io/slacktechnologies/slack/debian/
>> jessie main que j'ai récemment réinstallé avec snap, j'avais des
>> plantages avec les deux versions)
> 
> Je n'ai jamais eu l'occasion d'utiliser slack, donc peut-être que
> mon idée n'aura pas beaucoup de sens, mais est-ce que slack propose
> de désactiver l'accélération graphique ?  Peut-être que désactiver
> ce paramètre aiderait à la stabilité de la machine ?
> 
> J'ai téléchargé un .deb de slack-desktop 4.17.0[1] depuis le site
> de slack.com, et j'ai vu que le programme embarquait un 
> chrome-sandbox setuid, combiné à des bibliothèques OpenGL et Vulkan
> tierces.  D'où l'idée que, si ce programme exécute des 
> bibliothèques graphiques buguées en tant que root, alors peut-être
> que ça expliquerait les crashes avec le pilote i915.

Bonsoir,

En fait, toutes les bibliothèques d'accélération graphiques sont
buggués parce qu'elles ne vérifient pas les allocations mémoire. La
plupart du temps, ça termine par un segfault de l'application, mais ça
peut aussi terminer beaucoup plus mal par un crash noyau. J'ai cherché
un tel bug durant des années, bug lié à la taille de la mémoire graphiqu
e.

Je ne me souviens pas, mais quelle est la taille de la mémoire
graphique sur la machine en question ? Ça vaut le coup d'augmenter la
taille pour voir si cela change quelque chose.

Bien cordialement,

JKB
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Re: Une histoire d'authentification à s'arracher les cheveux

[BERTRAND Joël]

Étienne Mollier a écrit :
> Bonjour JKB,
> 
> BERTRAND Joël, on 2021-06-27:
>> Et là, je sèche, je ne comprends pas. L'authentification doit 
>> être reproductible. Je ne vois pas pourquoi b2 peut se connecter 
>> au démarrage de la machine hilbert et pas b1. Et surtout, je ne 
>> comprends pas pourquoi après un certain temps, tout semble 
>> redevenir normal sans que rien d'explicite n'ait été fait sur le 
>> réseau, sur le client ou sur le serveur.
> 
> Ce genre de symptôme ressemble furieusement à un cache qui tarde à 
> se mettre à jour.  Est-ce que, par hasard, les choses rentrent
> dans l'ordre d'elles-même un peu plus vite en redémarrant nscd sur 
> hilbert ?  (en admettant que nscd soit présent ; il est tiré comme 
> paquet recommandé par ypbind-mt.)

Bonsoir,

Effectivement, il y a nscd qui tourne. Et je viens de vérifier, il ne
tourne pas sur heisenberg. Je vérifierai au prochain redémarrage...

Mais j'avoue ne pas tout à fait comprendre pourquoi b2 pourrait dans se
cas se connecter et pas b1. Peut-être parce que b2 n'utilise pas ce
poste et que l'authentification s'est faite directement sur le serveur ?

Merci du tuyau,

JKB

Re: GRUB command-line with timeout

[David Wright]

On Thu 01 Jul 2021 at 20:08:40 (+0200), Steve Keller wrote:
> When booting with GRUB, normally the menu showing several kernel
> versions and/or kernel command lines appears to choose from.  If no
> selection is made within a few seconds (default is 5s IIRC), the
> default entry is booted.
> 
> I'd prefer to be dropped into the GRUB command line instead of that
> menu.  But still I'd like to have the timeout after which a default
> entry is boot if no command is entered at the prompt.
> 
> Can that be configured in GRUB?

‘GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE’

 If this option is set to ‘countdown’ or ‘hidden’, then, before displaying 
the menu, GRUB will wait
 for the timeout set by ‘GRUB_TIMEOUT’ to expire. If ESC is pressed during 
that time, it will display
 the menu and wait for input. If a hotkey associated with a menu entry is 
pressed, it will
 boot the associated menu entry immediately. If the timeout expires before 
either of these
 happens, it will boot the default entry. In the ‘countdown’ case, it will 
show a one-line
 indication of the remaining time.

Cheers,
David.

GRUB command-line with timeout

[Steve Keller]

When booting with GRUB, normally the menu showing several kernel
versions and/or kernel command lines appears to choose from.  If no
selection is made within a few seconds (default is 5s IIRC), the
default entry is booted.

I'd prefer to be dropped into the GRUB command line instead of that
menu.  But still I'd like to have the timeout after which a default
entry is boot if no command is entered at the prompt.

Can that be configured in GRUB?

Steve

debian-user list info and guidelines (FAQ) - posted monthly

[Andrew M.A. Cater]

debian-user is a mailing list provided for support for Debian users,
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* This is a fairly busy mailing list and you may have to wait for an
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Re: Debian Linux keyboard mapping files ...

[Greg Wooledge]

On Thu, Jul 01, 2021 at 12:46:01PM -0400, Albretch Mueller wrote:
>  Given the baseline option a user chooses as "language" during
> installation, the codes sent by the keyboard should be interpreted.

>  There should be files with the associations of (unicode) numbers and
> keys on a keyboard. I don't think that information is "secret" in any
> way. Where can I find those files?

https://wiki.debian.org/Keyboard

This points to the configuration file /etc/default/keyboard.

That points to the keyboard(5) man page.

Which in turn points to the following resources:

http://www.xfree86.org/current/XKB-Config.html
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/X_KeyBoard_extension
http://pascal.tsu.ru/en/xkb/
http://www.charvolant.org/~doug/xkb/
http://xfree86.org/current/XKBproto.pdf

The Arch wiki page points me to the xkbcomp(1) command, which tells me
that keymaps are stored in a compiled form, and stored within the X
server's memory.  You can use xkbcomp to dump this to a file, and then
inspect the file.  Of course this does not tell us where the files
normally live on the system, to be slurped up by the X server as it's
beginning its lifespan.

While looking for such files, which I did not quite find, I *did* find
/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/us which looks relevant.  At least for me,
since my keyboard is configured to have XKBLAYOUT="us".

Re: Ibus info needed

[David Wright]

On Wed 30 Jun 2021 at 17:36:29 (-0700), tony mollica wrote:
> Yes, that's the one.  Thanks, IL KA,  I went through it again
> 
> and still the only thing I'm getting from the info is that Ibus
> handles different language inputs (characters) which isn't really
> needed if English is used and is pretty much already taken care of in
> Debian and other distributions regardless of Ibus.  But, it may be
> useful to me if I intended to generate my own alphabet with a
> proprietary character set or if I wanted to digitize my Dick Tracy
> Decoder Ring.  I'll remove it and see what happens.

I haven't looked at Ibus stuff since last year when there was a thread
concerning ligatures in Malayalam. But the impression I got was that,
whereas switching keyboard layout from, say, English to German in
the conventional manner changes the layout across the whole session
in every aspect, invoking Ibus in an application (typically with
Ctrl-Space) allows you to type in, say, Chinese, but only in that
application. You could still do some, say, admin work in an xterm
simultaneously, without finding you were typing in a Chinese layout.

Someone correct me if I'm wrong. (Posting the wrong answer is
sometimes the fastest way of causing someone who knows to post
the right answer.)

> I've been on and off this list since the mid-90's where being
> subscribed meant there were dozens of posts and replies in the time
> I've been subscribed today, which is about 3 hours.  Traffic appears
> to have fallen off, off-topic discussion, whatever that topic was
> advertised to be, appears to be, well, off-topic and more about
> behavior and language of the posters instead of valid questions and
> answers.

Bad timing, I'm afraid: you just hit a bump. It happens from time to
time, then they get bored and sometimes disappear altogether.

> Too bad, used to be a good problem solving source. Maybe it
> went elsewhere.

And it is now. I don't find it any less useful than it was in the 1990s.
And it's a relief that 50% more subscribers generate 20% of the traffic
compared with the early 2000s. I don't know whether that's down to
more channels, unpopularity of email, hiving off of all the DE stuff
to specialist forums, or just that Debian is a much maturer product.

Cheers,
David.

Re: Debian Linux keyboard mapping files ...

[Albretch Mueller]

$ ls -l /etc/console-setup/boottime.kmap.gz
ls: cannot access '/etc/console-setup/boottime.kmap.gz': No such file
or directory
$

 Or did you mean in the /etc/console-setup of the installation CD/DVD?
~
$ file /etc/console-setup/compose.KOI8-R.inc
/etc/console-setup/compose.KOI8-R.inc: ASCII text

$ ls -l /etc/console-setup/compose.KOI8-R.inc &
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31 Apr  6  2017 /etc/console-setup/compose.KOI8-R.inc

$ wc -l /etc/console-setup/compose.KOI8-R.inc &
1 /etc/console-setup/compose.KOI8-R.inc

$ cat /etc/console-setup/compose.KOI8-R.inc &[2] 8630
# Compose sequences for KOI8-R
$

$ ls -l /etc/console-setup/
total 144
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  819 Mar 10  2018 cached_ISO-8859-15.acm.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4736 Mar 10  2018 cached_ISO-8859-15_del.kmap.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2427 Mar 10  2018 cached_Lat15-Fixed16.psf.gz
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  473 Feb 17 06:49 cached_setup_font.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  199 Feb 17 06:49 cached_setup_keyboard.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   73 Feb 17 06:49 cached_setup_terminal.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4024 Feb 17 06:49 cached_UTF-8_del.kmap.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   34 Apr  6  2017 compose.ARMSCII-8.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   31 Apr  6  2017 compose.CP1251.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   31 Apr  6  2017 compose.CP1255.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   31 Apr  6  2017 compose.CP1256.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   41 Apr  6  2017 compose.GEORGIAN-ACADEMY.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   36 Apr  6  2017 compose.GEORGIAN-PS.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   32 Apr  6  2017 compose.IBM1133.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   35 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISIRI-3342.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   36 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-10.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   36 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-11.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3737 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-13.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3020 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-14.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3552 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-15.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   36 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-16.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3596 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-1.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2893 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-2.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3387 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-3.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2805 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-4.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   35 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-5.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   35 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-6.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1217 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-7.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   35 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-8.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3617 Apr  6  2017 compose.ISO-8859-9.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   31 Apr  6  2017 compose.KOI8-R.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   31 Apr  6  2017 compose.KOI8-U.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   32 Apr  6  2017 compose.TIS-620.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   31 Apr  6  2017 compose.VISCII.inc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1359 Apr  6  2017 remap.inc
$

> I'm not quite sure I can reconcile your subject line and text.

 Given the baseline option a user chooses as "language" during
installation, the codes sent by the keyboard should be interpreted.

 There should be files with the associations of (unicode) numbers and
keys on a keyboard. I don't think that information is "secret" in any
way. Where can I find those files?

> The eventual mapping is then placed in /etc/console-setup/, so mine
> is in /etc/console-setup/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap.gz

$ ls -l /etc/console-setup/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4024 Feb 17 06:49
/etc/console-setup/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap.gz

$ cp -v /etc/console-setup/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap.gz /home/$(whoami)/temp
'/etc/console-setup/cached_UTF-8_del.km
ap.gz' -> '/home/debian/temp/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap.gz'

 and in this file:

$ ls -l /home/debian/temp/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap
-rw-r--r-- 1 debian debian 122418 Jul  1 11:51
/home/debian/temp/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap

I see no indication whatsoever about the fact that I am using a
standard dvorak keyboard right now and that I am typing in English.

I mean something like:

http://xahlee.info/kbd/russian_keyboard_layout.html

Most probably I can't get why anyone would spend time doing such
things, but Xah Lee seems to be interested on the (IMO nonsensical)
"heat map" produced by typing the first chapter of Dostoevsky's "Crime
and Punishment".

I just need, given the language, the unicode keys on regular keyboards
out there.

I may be wrong, but I don't think that my English is so bad and/or my
question so unhinged.

> the raw information appears to be under /usr/share/X11/xkb/

$ ls -l "/usr/share/X11/xkb/"
total 24
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Feb 17 06:30 compat
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4096 Feb 17 06:30 geometry
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root 4096 Feb 17 06:30 keycodes
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Feb 17 06:30 rules
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4096 Feb 17 06:30 symbols
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Feb 17 06:30 types
$

find "/usr/share/X11/xkb" -type f -exec grep -il "iso\|lang" {} \;
...

 bingo!, but as you said those files 

Re: Wanted: a special purpose Debian installer

[Felix Miata]

Richard Owlett composed on 2021-07-01 08:00 (UTC-0500):

> Felix Miata wrote:

>> Richard Owlett composed on 2021-06-30 08:43 (UTC-0500):

>>> I don't recall just when I
>>> did it but I had tried including "install-recommends=false" somewhere in
>>> the command line. It failed.
>>> 
>> I start most installations with Grub. Nearly always I start with a minimal
>> installation. On the linu lines in these files is:

>>  base-installer/install-recommends=false

> I tried that this morning.
> I did *NOT* get the desired result.
> I got all the "recommended" packages of MATE Desktop Environment.
> Just as if I hadn't specified otherwise on the installer command line :{


Dunno what to tell you. Maybe that's because I always include also

tasks=standard

I only add a desktop after first boot into the fresh minimal installation.

What other command line options did you use?
-- 
Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion,
based on faith, not based on science.

 Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks!

Felix Miata

Re: Wanted: a special purpose Debian installer

[Brian]

On Thu 01 Jul 2021 at 08:00:25 -0500, Richard Owlett wrote:

> On 06/30/2021 01:39 PM, Felix Miata wrote:
> > Richard Owlett composed on 2021-06-30 08:43 (UTC-0500):
> > 
> > > I don't recall just when I
> > > did it but I had tried including "install-recommends=false" somewhere in
> > > the command line. It failed.  
> > > 
> > I start most installations with Grub. Nearly always I start with a minimal
> > installation. On the linu lines in these files is:
> > 
> > base-installer/install-recommends=false
> > 
> 
> I tried that this morning.
> I did *NOT* get the desired result.
> I got all the "recommended" packages of MATE Desktop Environment.

Thanks for trying again. For the commandline option above the Installer
Guide says

By setting this option to false, the package management
system will be configured to not automatically install
"Recommends", both during the installation and for the
installed system.

I installed Gnome using debian-10.8.0-i386-DVD-1.iso and checked the
syslog and /target/var/lib/dpkg/info for what was installed using
D-I. AFAICT, all the recommended packages of task-gnome-desktop are
on the system. So...a D-I bug?

-- 
Brian.

Re: Debian Linux keyboard mapping files ...

[David Wright]

On Thu 01 Jul 2021 at 01:59:41 (-0400), Albretch Mueller wrote:
>  there should be files mapping (most probably unicode) number <->
> gliph for each language.
>  From where can I get them?

I'm not quite sure I can reconcile your subject line and text.
For the body text, you could look at a site like
https://unicode-table.com/en/
(I googled, without quotes, "unicode charts glyphs".)

But I think you're more interested in keyboard scancodes and their
keycaps (engravings, which vary by language, manufacturer, etc).

AIUI these files are built as necessary from description master
files. After all, many mappings are built around common cores.
The eventual mapping is then placed in /etc/console-setup/, so mine
is in /etc/console-setup/cached_UTF-8_del.kmap.gz

There are scripts in /usr/share/console-setup/, but the raw
information appears to be under /usr/share/X11/xkb/ and
looks complicated. I've never gone beyond consulting these,
and have only /added/ to their Compose sequences through
the /etc/console-setup/remap.inc file.

I did just type
$ apt-file find keymaps
and it looks as though installing "console-data" might yield
some interesting files to peruse, though it doesn't appear
to be a package necessary for building "normal" keyboard
mappings (I don't have it installed).

One can of course dig deeper, and examine the kernel's header files,
but that's way above my paygrade.

Cheers,
David.

Re: problem with speedtest-cli

[David Wright]

On Thu 01 Jul 2021 at 18:52:42 (+0800), kaye n wrote:
> On Fri, Jun 11, 2021 at 12:28 AM Liam O'Toole wrote:
> > On Fri, 11 Jun, 2021 at 00:08:51 +0800, kaye n wrote:
> > >kaye@laptop:~$ speedtest-cli
> > >Retrieving [1]speedtest.net configuration...
> > >Traceback (most recent call last):
> > >  File "/usr/bin/speedtest-cli", line 11, in 
> > >load_entry_point('speedtest-cli==2.0.2', 'console_scripts',
> > >'speedtest-cli')()
> > >  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1887, in
> > >main
> > >shell()
> > >  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1783, in
> > >shell
> > >secure=args.secure
> > >  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1027, in
> > >__init__
> > >self.get_config()
> > >  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1113, in
> > >get_config
> > >map(int, server_config['ignoreids'].split(','))
> > >ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''
> > >I don't know what's wrong.
> > >Thank you for your time.
> > >Kaye
> > >
> >
> > It's a known issue[1]. A workaround is to edit the file
> > /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py. Remove the following block
> > beginning on line 1112
> >
> >ignore_servers = list(
> >map(int, server_config['ignoreids'].split(','))
> >)
> >
> > and replace it with
> >
> > ignore_servers = [
> > int(i) for i in server_config['ignoreids'].split(',')
> > if i
> > ]
> >
> > Hopefully the issue will be fixed in the next stable point release.
> >
> > [1] https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=986637
> >
> >
> Hello!
> It did not seem to fix the problem.
> 
> kaye@laptop:~$ speedtest-cli
> Retrieving speedtest.net configuration...
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "/usr/bin/speedtest-cli", line 11, in 
> load_entry_point('speedtest-cli==2.0.2', 'console_scripts',
> 'speedtest-cli')()
>   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1887, in main
> shell()
>   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1783, in shell
> secure=args.secure
>   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1027, in __init__
> self.get_config()
>   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1113, in
> get_config
> map(int, server_config['ignoreids'].split(','))
> ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''
> 
> not a big deal, i can tolerate it.  but downloading huge files can be
> frustrating. but really no biggie.
> 
> thank you for your time.

These three sections, containing "map(int, ", from the above …

> > >map(int, server_config['ignoreids'].split(','))
> > >ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''
> > >I don't know what's wrong.
> > >Thank you for your time.
[ … ]
> > /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py. Remove the following block
> > beginning on line 1112
> >
> >ignore_servers = list(
> >map(int, server_config['ignoreids'].split(','))
> >)
> >
> > and replace it with
[ … ]
> map(int, server_config['ignoreids'].split(','))
> ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''
> 
> not a big deal, i can tolerate it.  but downloading huge files can be
> frustrating. but really no biggie.

… would appear to show that nothing has changed, ie if you did make
the suggested alteration to the code, it wasn't made to the copy
that is actually running.

Looking at my /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/ (I don't have
speedtest.py installed), I picked a distinctively named file
at random:

$ locate unohelper.py
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/unohelper.py
$ 

That's the source code file. You might have edited a file like this.
But now I checked on:

$ locate unohelper
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/unohelper.py
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/__pycache__/unohelper.cpython-37.pyc
$ 

and you can see that there's a compiled version of this source file.
You might try hiding the file (don't remove it¹), and seeing whether
that forces python to use the source file. That is:

# mv -i /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/__pycache__/speedtest.cpython-37.pyc 
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/__pycache__/speedtest.cpython-37.pyc-hide

assuming that such a file exists. (37 is buster's python version.)

¹ for a peaceful life, restore the filename so that APT doesn't
  complain about it during future upgrades etc.

Cheers,
David.

How do I get back the GRUB menu with the blue background?

[Stella Ashburne]

The partition table scheme is GPT and UEFI with Secure Boot is enabled. I do 
not use legacy BIOS with master boot record.

Below is the partition layout of my SDD:

536.9MB EFI system partition (ESP)
511.7MB /boot (unencrypted)
100GB encrypted logical volumes (contains 99GB of / partition, 1GB of swap 
area.Debian Buster was installed on this partition)
16MB Microsoft reserved area (automatically created by Microsoft Windows' 
installer)
100GB Microsoft Windows 10

1. Debian Buster's 64bit installer (version 10.10) was used to create the EFI 
System Partition (ESP), the /boot partition and the encrypted logical volumes. 
Installation was successful and I was able to boot into the GRUB menu with a 
blue background. It had an entry named Debian GNU/Linux.

2. Next I installed Microsoft Windows 10 and the installation was successful.

3. I rebooted into Debian and used sudo os-prober to add the Microsoft Windows' 
entry to GRUB followed by sudo update-grub

4. Dual-boot of Debian and Windows was possible

Problem(s) happened after I did the following:

5. With a USB stick containing the latest weekly build of Debian Testing 
(Bullseye), I booted into the Debian's installer screen and deleted the 100GB 
encrypted logical volumes.

6. As a result, 100GB of free space was made available. I configured it to have 
two encrypted logical volumes: 99GB of the / partition, 1GB of swap area.

7. Debian Testing was installed on the 100GB partition. Installation was 
successful.

8. However, I am now unable to boot into the GRUB menu with the blue 
background. Instead all I have is a black screen with the word grub> _ (The 
underscore is actually the position of the cursor)

After reading some stuff on the internet, please tell me if my understanding of 
the following is correct:

Grub's UEFI Stub is located in EFI System Partition (ESP) while its second 
stage modules are in the /boot partition. /boot also contains Grub's config 
file. It would appear that the bootloader in ESP is not updated to match the 
modules in the /boot partition or it could be that /boot/grub/grub.cfg is 
missing.

Below's my attempt at getting back the Grub menu with the blue background:

A. I used Debian Bullseye's weekly installer to boot up my machine and chose 
Rescue mode.

B. After entering the encrypted passphrase, below were some relevant messages 
on the screen:

[beginning of message]
Enter a device you wish to use as your root file system.

Device to use as root file system:

/dev/perfect-vg/root
/dev/perfect-vg/swap
/dev/dm-1
/dev/dm-2
/dev/mapper/sda3_crypt
/dev/sda1
/dev/sda2
etc, etc
Assemble a RAID system
Do not use a root file system
[end of message]

I highlighted /dev/sda1 and pressed Enter.

I was given four choices one of which was to Execute a shell in the installer 
environment. I highlighted it and pressed Enter.

There was a message on the screen stating that /dev/sda1 would be mounted as 
"/target", that the tools of the installer environment would be available for 
use and that I could use chroot to "chroot /target".

There was a small grey box at the bottom of the screen.

I tried the following options:


~# "chroot /target"
/bin/sh: "chroot /target" not found



~# chroot /target
chroot: can't execute "/bin/sh". No such file or directory



~# apt install --reinstall grub-efi
/bin/sh: apt: not found



I am stuck with the above as my technical knowledge of Linux is limited and 
appreciate your help with the above matter.

Unidentified subject!

[Stella Ashburne]

The partition table scheme is GPT and UEFI with Secure Boot is enabled. I do 
not use legacy BIOS with master boot record.

Below is the partition layout of my SDD:

536.9MB EFI system partition (ESP)
511.7MB /boot (unencrypted)
100GB encrypted logical volumes (contains 99GB of / partition, 1GB of swap 
area.Debian Buster was installed on this partition)
16MB Microsoft reserved area (automatically created by Microsoft Windows' 
installer)
100GB Microsoft Windows 10

1. Debian Buster's 64bit installer (version 10.10) was used to create the EFI 
System Partition (ESP), the /boot partition and the encrypted logical volumes. 
Installation was successful and I was able to boot into the GRUB menu with a 
blue background. It had an entry named Debian GNU/Linux.

2. Next I installed Microsoft Windows 10 and the installation was successful.

3. I rebooted into Debian and used sudo os-prober to add the Microsoft Windows' 
entry to GRUB followed by sudo update-grub

4. Dual-boot of Debian and Windows was possible

Problem(s) happened after I did the following:

5. With a USB stick containing the latest weekly build of Debian Testing 
(Bullseye), I booted into the Debian's installer screen and deleted the 100GB 
encrypted logical volumes.

6. As a result, 100GB of free space was made available. I configured it to have 
two encrypted logical volumes: 99GB of the / partition, 1GB of swap area.

7. Debian Testing was installed on the 100GB partition. Installation was 
successful.

8. However, I am now unable to boot into the GRUB menu with the blue 
background. Instead all I have is a black screen with the word grub> _ (The 
underscore is actually the position of the cursor)

After reading some stuff on the internet, please tell me if my understanding of 
the following is correct:

Grub's UEFI Stub is located in EFI System Partition (ESP) while its second 
stage modules are in the /boot partition. /boot also contains Grub's config 
file. It would appear that the bootloader in ESP is not updated to match the 
modules in the /boot partition or it could be that /boot/grub/grub.cfg is 
missing.

Below's my attempt at getting back the Grub menu with the blue background:

A. I used Debian Bullseye's weekly installer to boot up my machine and chose 
Rescue mode.

B. After entering the encrypted passphrase, below were some relevant messages 
on the screen:

[beginning of message]
Enter a device you wish to use as your root file system.

Device to use as root file system:

/dev/perfect-vg/root
/dev/perfect-vg/swap
/dev/dm-1
/dev/dm-2
/dev/mapper/sda3_crypt
/dev/sda1
/dev/sda2
etc, etc
Assemble a RAID system
Do not use a root file system
[end of message]

I highlighted /dev/sda1 and pressed Enter.

I was given four choices one of which was to Execute a shell in the installer 
environment. I highlighted it and pressed Enter.

There was a message on the screen stating that /dev/sda1 would be mounted as 
"/target", that the tools of the installer environment would be available for 
use and that I could use chroot to "chroot /target".

There was a small grey box at the bottom of the screen.

I tried the following options:


~# "chroot /target"
/bin/sh: "chroot /target" not found



~# chroot /target
chroot: can't execute "/bin/sh". No such file or directory



~# apt install --reinstall grub-efi
/bin/sh: apt: not found



I am stuck with the above as my technical knowledge of Linux is limited and 
appreciate your help with the above matter.

Re: live xfce y lxde nonfree no arranca

[Marcelo Giordano]

Hola amigo.
Te entendí perfecto. Cuando digo que "no todos entienden las cosas como
vos" me refiero a que tu humildad es digna de admiración.
Estoy muy feliz de pertenecer a este grupo y de ser parte de la filosofía
Debian.
Siempre muy agradecido con vos JAP y con todos los que comparten su
conocimiento con el grupo


El sáb, 26 jun 2021 a las 19:40, JavierDebian (<
javier.debian.bb...@gmail.com>) escribió:

>
>
> El 26/6/21 a las 18:25, Marcelo Giordano escribió:
> > El sáb, 26 jun 2021 a las 14:35, JavierDebian
> > (mailto:javier.debian.bb...@gmail.com>>)
>
> > escribió:
> >
> >
> >
> > El 26/6/21 a las 05:05, Marcelo Giordano escribió:
> >  >
> >  > SOLUCIONADO:
> >  >
> >  > Estaba trabajando con 64 bits y la netbook era 32 bits. Que
> > verguenza
> >  > por favor. Este post quedará en grandes errores de novatos.
> >  > Saludos debianitas
> >
> >
> > ¿De novato?
> >
> > Al contrario, mientras uno le toma más la mano, da por sentado
> > muchísimas cosas y no las verifica.
> >
> > Por ejemplo, creer que "el sistema se rompió" o "la actualización
> tiene
> > un bug"... y resulta que has llegado al límite de la capacidad del
> > disco, y por eso, las cosas no funcionan...
> >
> > JAP
> >
>  > No todos entienden las cosas como vos. Este aprendizaje es eterno.
>  > Saludos y gracias
>  >
>
>
> Entendiste para la mona.
> Justamente te digo, errando así, uno aprende, y mucho.
> Si te contara la cantidad de metidas de pata que he hecho
>
> JAP
>
>

Re: instalar google chrome desde repositorios

[Marcelo Giordano]

Otra vez me pasó lo mismo. Que bobo por favor. Si el repositorio dice
clarito 64 bits. Disculpen que ocupe su tiempo en estas tonterías.
Saludos

El dom, 27 jun 2021 a las 4:33, Camaleón () escribió:

> El 2021-06-26 a las 18:29 -0300, Marcelo Giordano escribió:
>
> > Quiero instalar google chrome desde repositorios y sigo este
> procedimiento
> > el cual he realizado varias veces en otras computadoras
> >
> https://www.how2shout.com/linux/install-chrome-browser-on-debian-11-bullseye-linux/
> > Al ejecutar
> > apt install google-chrome-stable me dice que no puede localizar el
> paquete.
> > cuando pongo apt update me está leyendo el repositorio
> > dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb
> > Gracias
>
> Muchas aplicaciones habituales (LibreOffice, por ejemplo) han dejado de
> empaquetar sus binarios para sistemas de 32 bits. Chrome también¹ ;-(
>
> Asegúrate de que estás intentando instalar el paquete adecuado para su
> sistema y que tienes los repositorios actualizados.
>
> ¹https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/g/chromium-dev/c/FoE6sL-p6oU
>
> Saludos,
>
> --
> Camaleón
>
>

Re: Wanted: a special purpose Debian installer

[Richard Owlett]

On 06/30/2021 01:39 PM, Felix Miata wrote:

Richard Owlett composed on 2021-06-30 08:43 (UTC-0500):


I don't recall just when I
did it but I had tried including "install-recommends=false" somewhere in
the command line. It failed.


I start most installations with Grub. Nearly always I start with a minimal
installation. On the linu lines in these files is:

base-installer/install-recommends=false



I tried that this morning.
I did *NOT* get the desired result.
I got all the "recommended" packages of MATE Desktop Environment.
Just as if I hadn't specified otherwise on the installer command line :{

Re: problem with speedtest-cli

[kaye n]

On Fri, Jun 11, 2021 at 12:28 AM Liam O'Toole 
wrote:

> On Fri, 11 Jun, 2021 at 00:08:51 +0800, kaye n wrote:
> >Hello guys
> >kaye@laptop:~$ speedtest-cli
> >Retrieving [1]speedtest.net configuration...
> >Traceback (most recent call last):
> >  File "/usr/bin/speedtest-cli", line 11, in 
> >load_entry_point('speedtest-cli==2.0.2', 'console_scripts',
> >'speedtest-cli')()
> >  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1887, in
> >main
> >shell()
> >  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1783, in
> >shell
> >secure=args.secure
> >  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1027, in
> >__init__
> >self.get_config()
> >  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1113, in
> >get_config
> >map(int, server_config['ignoreids'].split(','))
> >ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''
> >I don't know what's wrong.
> >Thank you for your time.
> >Kaye
> >
>
> It's a known issue[1]. A workaround is to edit the file
> /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py. Remove the following block
> beginning on line 1112
>
>ignore_servers = list(
>map(int, server_config['ignoreids'].split(','))
>)
>
> and replace it with
>
> ignore_servers = [
> int(i) for i in server_config['ignoreids'].split(',')
> if i
> ]
>
> Hopefully the issue will be fixed in the next stable point release.
>
> [1] https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=986637
>
>
Hello!
It did not seem to fix the problem.

kaye@laptop:~$ speedtest-cli
Retrieving speedtest.net configuration...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/speedtest-cli", line 11, in 
load_entry_point('speedtest-cli==2.0.2', 'console_scripts',
'speedtest-cli')()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1887, in main
shell()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1783, in shell
secure=args.secure
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1027, in __init__
self.get_config()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/speedtest.py", line 1113, in
get_config
map(int, server_config['ignoreids'].split(','))
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''

not a big deal, i can tolerate it.  but downloading huge files can be
frustrating. but really no biggie.

thank you for your time.

Re: X server running on a different machine [Re: Wanted: a special purpose Debian installer]

[Dan Ritter]

Polyna-Maude Racicot-Summerside wrote: 
> > 
> > There are a bunch of loonies out there who don't like other
> > people based on gender, sex, skin color, religion, geography, or
> > merely the fact that their computer is unsecured.
> > 
> 
> Thanks, I didn't know the word loonies applied to yourself. Now I get a
> better understanding.
> 
> Maybe you shall read back before sending email. Because I have a strong
> proof based opinion that you are getting pretty angry against people
> with unsecured computer.

I'm not angry at you, Polyna-Maude.

But it's clear that arguing with you will not help you, so I will stop.

-dsr-

Re: Plantages Xorg (i915, context reset due to GPU hang)

[Daniel Caillibaud]

Le 16/06/21 à 13:13, Daniel Caillibaud  a écrit :
> J'ai commencé par mettre les options
>   intel_idle.max_cstate=1 i915.enable_dc=0

Ça n'a rien changé.

J'ai ensuite désactivé dans le bios toutes les optimisation cpu (cstate, speed 
state, turbo
boost), et je me suis retrouvé avec un gros veau (délais ×2 à ×6 suivant les 
tâches) qui
plantait un peu moins mais plantait quand même.

J'avais qq espoirs après là mise à jour du paquet intel-microcode de lundi, 
encore raté…

J'ai par ailleurs constaté que mon client slack-desktop était vraiment goinfre 
en RAM, je l'ai
fermé, et depuis ça n'a pas planté…

Ce n'est peut-être pas lui qui est directement en cause, mais la conjonction 
d'opérations qui
menaient au plantage (et que j'ai pas identifié) semble ne plus se produire 
depuis qu'il ne
tourne plus…

(c'était un slack-deskop installé sous jessie depuis la source
deb https://packagecloud.io/slacktechnologies/slack/debian/ jessie main
que j'ai récemment réinstallé avec snap, j'avais des plantages avec les deux 
versions)

-- 
Daniel

Il n'est pas de vent favorable pour celui qui ne sait où il va.
Sénèque

Re: Ayuda!! Busco servidor rack para Debian para Colombia

[Galvatorix Torixgalva]

Hola,

posiblemente sea porque las distribuciones de linux que mencionas son del
tipo "linux para empresas"

Podrias ponerte en contacto con empresas y pedir asesoramiento sobre lo que
buscas exactamente, tal vez puedan orientarte al respecto.

Un detalle: no has dicho si lo que buscas es alquilar o comprar para
infraestructura propia.

Un saludo


On Wed, Jun 30, 2021 at 4:00 PM Joe Ronald Flórez Rada 
wrote:

> Hola.
>
> Busco servidor rack para Debian. ¿Cuál es el modelo del servidor rack?
>
> Lo vi los modelos Dell, Lenovo y HPE que no aparacen lista de sistemas
> operativos Linux como *Debian*. Todos los modelos son RedHat Enterprise,
> SUSE Enterprise, Oracle Linux y Ubuntu.
>
> Necesito la distribución Debian para servidor rack. Pero Ubuntu no me
> gusta.
>
> Necesito ayuda.
>
> *Joe Ronald Flórez Rada*
> Ingeniero de Sistemas
> Programador
> WhatsApp: +57 3118617257
> Bogotá, D.C. - Colombia
>


-- 
Profesor de informática en Tutellus

Tutellus https://www.tutellus.com/perfil/230494/rafael-navarro

Re: Debian Linux keyboard mapping files ...

[Will Mengarini]

* Albretch Mueller  [21-07/01=Th 01:59 -0400]:
> there should be files mapping (most probably unicode) number
> <-> glyph for each language.  From where can I get them?

Does  have what you want?

If not, try `locate kmap`.

Debian Linux keyboard mapping files ...

[Albretch Mueller]

 there should be files mapping (most probably unicode) number <->
gliph for each language.
 From where can I get them?
 lbrtchx